The diagram shows the haploid number of chromosomes in a gametapsxki2 4(cb7 otd6s 6e. What could be the polyploid number of chromosomes for this organism?b2( dxts4ka 66p7co si

  The overall structure of the fin of a whal*a v, (a:qmcvle, in terms of bones and muscles, is similar to the overall struct vav,q(m*a :lcure of the limb of horses. What are these structures referred to as?

  Which of the following is th af iuzno+dg8vd. q**+e strongest evidence supporting the hypothesis that two populatiof*q8 id+gou va*.dnz +ns are two different species?

The male firefly (P. pyralis) signals to potrx5zdpcp,dawu0x0e ,uu i 068*h *qirential female mates by flashing its lights in specific patterns. Females will only respond to light patt 8pr x,x0addc*e0hpzu i,u6ur*w0q5 ierns produced by their own species.

1.Identify the form of reproductive isolation that fireflies exhibit. Justify your answer.

2.Suggest one possible advantage of this mating ritual.

3.All fireflies seen today have diverged from the same ancestral species. Explain how speciation is responsible for the large variety of firefly species.

  What can result in speciation among organisms living in the same l rwz ;;xdq6meo0r ddoc z,;70qocation?

  Which describes the similarities and differences between isolating ojj9zs4)g yu6mechanisms in sympatric osgz6 94u)yjj and allopatric speciation?

  Which of the following are often barrier hbcn82/dao0( h)kxsi s to hybridisation between species?
I. A given animal hybrid species has an even, as opposed to an odd number of chromosomes.
II. Two species of flowering plants produce gametes at different times of the year.
III. Behavioural barriers exist due to variations in bird song between species.

  Which is a key difference between homologous and analogous structkv9mdt,i+)cr rms ev 0sw12m,ures?

  The table shows factors that can result in speciation. Which word is matched tow.,o3qnvm-f c the correct. om 3,v-nwqfc definition?

  Shown in diagrams A and Beqfpjz / (6x)l tzpc9xcc2 xb906 smo9 are two pairs of similar structures.

Which of the following statements correctly explain the structural similarities shown in diagrams A and B?
I. Structural similarities in diagram A are primarily due to random mutations, not common ancestry.
II. Structural similarities in diagram B are due to the fact that they both perform similar functions.
III. Diagram A depicts analogous structures, and diagram B depicts homologous structures.

  What sequence of events usually occur during the pro-d/qv.lj 8y, /pl.zp v mglw4e br*j.ycess of speciation?

  Triticum monococcum is an einkorn wheat and was the first domesticattapzi)kj8jr-(-t yps 8jzoaz vs,69.u ( cdn5ed crop. It has a diploid number of 14 chromosomes. Triticum turgidum is a durum wheat with a total of 28 chromosomes. It is a result of the hybridization of Triticum monococcum and another grass Aegilops speltoides which also has a diploid number of 14. -ozc .kj,aisn- zj) r d(( v8tuzj956tsa8pypWhat is the correct term for Triticum turgidum in comparison to Triticum monococcum?

  It is thought that the congo river divided a populphf7x*fdca5) ation of the common ancestor of bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), resulting in geographic isolation. Which correctly pairs theoretical selection pressures and consequent adaptations of the two pofxf5 )*pd h7capulations?

  Which of the following provides evidence for evolution throu7-4au wz4nzkyc8x9zj gh selective breedin jx8-zw4za4ncky 9u 7zg?
I. Phenotypic variation in the domesticated dog (Canis familiaris) has increased significantly as a result of humans selecting desirable traits.
II. Crop yield in domesticated crop plants is significantly greater than their wild relatives.
III. Homo sapiens in many parts of the world have alleles that provide resistance to diseases endemic to their region.

  The base sequence between two species was found to bdnvx5t) obmr*ucs 7( or/ /z+ug :y:/rtghgn6e 78% the same, while the order of amino acids fh tcg*b)m(og7d ny: //rs5rxunot/r uv: z+6gound in the same cell types between two species was 82% the same. What may be the reason for this?

  When a horse, which has 64 chromosomes, a-uiggp2 l5mb ;yv 9ivpj p((f9nd a donkey, which has 62 chromosomes reproduce, a mule offspring is produced. Which-5lf(9g jgmuip9v y 2bpv;i(p are correct descriptions of mules?

I. Mules frequently produce offspring with other mules.
II. Cells in mules cannot undergo meiosis but can undergo mitosis.
III. Mule gametes have 63 chromosomes.

A study has been conducted on thdtdene(n 47c0u kz-h0e effect of hormonal contraception pollution on the mating calls of thetz7ec n-une dd( 040kh adult male African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). The spectrogram shows the frequency and volume of clicks (mating call) of control X.laevis and those exposed to oestrogen.


1.Distinguish between the clicks in the spectrogram between the control X. laevis and the X. laevis treated with oestrogen in 1 second.

The graph shows the average duration of the X. laevis mating calls when exposed to the hormone oestrogen.


2.Describe the effect of oestrogen on the duration of the mating call.

3.Explain why it is important to have the X.laevis control group.

4.Identify the independent variable in this study.

5.1.Predict the reproductive success of X.laevis exposed to 29.6 ng/L of oestrogen.
5.2.Outline the possible consequences of oestrogen exposure on X. laevis.

  What is adaptive radiatiwz 8z uky,-1jicu /+9ibvnevhw) qh5)on?

  Which statement best illu ru9sm- *rukkwq;q2/gb n3mn/strates the process of evolution?

  Two species of smartweed (genus Persicaria) hybridise and form *y p r j9td*2 nfierv (9:t1xgjfwg27va new species. If both of the parent species have two copies of each chromosome, how many copies of each chromosome is a daughter species most likely to haved 2xtjpv9:9n(j12**ywtg eifr7g vrf ?

1.Compare and contrast natur,/: bfwobq hiw1ykwr92j4 p/t al selection and selective breeding.

2.Using a named example, outline convergent evolution.

3.Using named examples, discuss the evidence which supports the theory of evolution.

1.Outline how polyploidy results in reproductive isolatiolhg/7vyvz7.; skq3kh n.

2.Discuss the evidence for the theories of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium.

3.Explain the reasons for changes in allele frequency in different populations.

  Which is most likely a correct descr;cw d( j) nxvhz0a/gb7iption of a given speciation event?

  The diagram below shows the feeding areas of four species of wa,am- 9tt q;otjv:p o+irbler (genus Setophaga). What is the best explanation for how these warblers came to coexist i : ja om;+,tqp-i9tvton such close proximity?

1.Adaptive radiation results in a single ancestral species evolving i5p,+d5x xic(hr2mo, 7 ynsqxynto multiple, closely related new species which may live in close proximity to each other. Outline 3 mechanisms by wh2x5y 5(hxmsdnicy p r,oxq+,7ich closely related species living in close proximity may be reproductively isolated.

2.Outline the process by which two species may be formed from an ancestral population through the process of allopatric speciation.

3.Describe how sexual and asexual reproduction can lead to the formation of new species with different numbers of copies of each chromosome.