The diagram shows the haploid number of chromosomes in a gamete. What jby5--s3 g;qget jy*bcould be the polyploid number of chromosomes for gy;jys jb b-*3 t5q-egthis organism?

  The overall structure of the fin of a tnv3u 07s jq1awhale, in terms of bones and muscles, is similar to the overall structure of the limb of horses. What are these structures refejsq v07uatn13rred to as?

  Which of the following is the strongest evidence supportingrson: j4c q66p the hypothesis that two populations4 6nc:spjor6q are two different species?

The male firefly (P.ixv luu+w5w g)f3*x;i2k6r wadycc5 ; pyralis) signals to potential female mates by flashing its lights in specific patterns. Females will only respond to gxw kxi)+6i 53;rudc u5wfal vc;w 2*ylight patterns produced by their own species.

1.Identify the form of reproductive isolation that fireflies exhibit. Justify your answer.

2.Suggest one possible advantage of this mating ritual.

3.All fireflies seen today have diverged from the same ancestral species. Explain how speciation is responsible for the large variety of firefly species.

  What can result in speciation among organis0 ;6rkoo)drl dvw/lt3 ms living in the same location?

  Which describes the similarities and differences between isolating mecus vr;wjqp0sou( e037hanisms in sympatric and allopatriceu(0v 0so7 swup3; jqr speciation?

  Which of the following are often barriers to hybridisationqk9 u2t )u-ia a)kagj3 between species?
I. A given animal hybrid species has an even, as opposed to an odd number of chromosomes.
II. Two species of flowering plants produce gametes at different times of the year.
III. Behavioural barriers exist due to variations in bird song between species.

  Which is a key difference between hgv knecyb-/2-ckh9 * aomologous and analogous structures?

  The table shows factors that can t ef4qsl59c/jgv ev86result in speciation. Which word is matched to the corrvee9 58 4clf6 t/sgvqject definition?

  Shown in diagrams A and B are two pairs of similar ok( rw+3ouu:h(w, wdzstructures.

Which of the following statements correctly explain the structural similarities shown in diagrams A and B?
I. Structural similarities in diagram A are primarily due to random mutations, not common ancestry.
II. Structural similarities in diagram B are due to the fact that they both perform similar functions.
III. Diagram A depicts analogous structures, and diagram B depicts homologous structures.

  What sequence of events ushe5rd(wbai zi-o01r;51y8dzlw)fx; (os sazually occur during the process of speciation?

  Triticum monococcum is an einkorn wheat and wasy3vhfiw.0zy b38 1:nzzqfsg4 the first domesticated crop. It has a diploid number of 14 chromosomes. Triticum turgidum is a durum wheat with a total of 28 chromosomes. It is a result of the hybridization of Triticum monococcum and another grass Aegilops speltoides which also has a diploid number of 14. What is the correct term for Triticum turgidum in comparison to Triticum monococcum?v18f zqgyw43nyz s .h: ibz30f

  It is thought that the congo river divided a population of the common ancesjzbq t/x(rs:02tqqrs k6 t-9ator of bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), resulting j qt9:sa0b-r z x/ k62st(qrtqin geographic isolation. Which correctly pairs theoretical selection pressures and consequent adaptations of the two populations?

  Which of the following provides evidence for evolution through selective bas e--fza,3b,qg mmj5reeding?qjg-za,mb s5ea,- f m3
I. Phenotypic variation in the domesticated dog (Canis familiaris) has increased significantly as a result of humans selecting desirable traits.
II. Crop yield in domesticated crop plants is significantly greater than their wild relatives.
III. Homo sapiens in many parts of the world have alleles that provide resistance to diseases endemic to their region.

  The base sequence between two n:4kuyfz9fwd4e 69otp g7j r7species was found to be 78% the same, while the order of amino acids found in the same cell types between two species was 82% the same. What may be the reason kpe7or6z9w f449f: j7udgtnyfor this?

  When a horse, which has 64 chromosomes, and a donkey, which has 62 chromosomes 19lqm(7o1t fq.te uhire1lhfi q17.ettu (m9q oproduce, a mule offspring is produced. Which are correct descriptions of mules?

I. Mules frequently produce offspring with other mules.
II. Cells in mules cannot undergo meiosis but can undergo mitosis.
III. Mule gametes have 63 chromosomes.

A study has been conducted on the effect of hormonal contr(7 pf/3qbffp kre;9 9 n+hrreraception pollution on the mating calls of t+p9r9f(eb;hpr / nr q73erfkfhe adult male African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). The spectrogram shows the frequency and volume of clicks (mating call) of control X.laevis and those exposed to oestrogen.


1.Distinguish between the clicks in the spectrogram between the control X. laevis and the X. laevis treated with oestrogen in 1 second.

The graph shows the average duration of the X. laevis mating calls when exposed to the hormone oestrogen.


2.Describe the effect of oestrogen on the duration of the mating call.

3.Explain why it is important to have the X.laevis control group.

4.Identify the independent variable in this study.

5.1.Predict the reproductive success of X.laevis exposed to 29.6 ng/L of oestrogen.
5.2.Outline the possible consequences of oestrogen exposure on X. laevis.

  What is adaptive radiati ln3h-(epjmn88u7h+h ;nng v non?

  Which statement best illustrate6cbdpg/ 4b y1byxyy1 *s the process of evolution?

  Two species of smartwe7z q )azg qt uwogf:/4u(ng1p/ed (genus Persicaria) hybridise and form a new species. If both of the parent species have two copies of each chromosome, how ) pu74//qf:g1w (oqun gzgtzamany copies of each chromosome is a daughter species most likely to have?

1.Compare and contrast natural selection and selective breevu yl ;hq,)o ln1-by7dding.

2.Using a named example, outline convergent evolution.

3.Using named examples, discuss the evidence which supports the theory of evolution.

1.Outline how polyploidy results qd8xhmh0yujn0,v- f2 in reproductive isolation.

2.Discuss the evidence for the theories of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium.

3.Explain the reasons for changes in allele frequency in different populations.

  Which is most likely a correct description of a given speciatio j -d zoge .:pw4i97)jqo*hsyjn event?

  The diagram below shows the feeding areas of four c;,9/;wiywn3n iuclm species of warbler (genus Setophaga). What is the /n w9,wiy3ulcminc;;best explanation for how these warblers came to coexist in such close proximity?

1.Adaptive radiation results in a single ancestral species egy08b uog 5je7volving into multiple, closely related new species which may live in close proximity to eagojyeg5b8u7 0 ch other. Outline 3 mechanisms by which closely related species living in close proximity may be reproductively isolated.

2.Outline the process by which two species may be formed from an ancestral population through the process of allopatric speciation.

3.Describe how sexual and asexual reproduction can lead to the formation of new species with different numbers of copies of each chromosome.