The diagram shows the haploid number of chromosomes in a gamete. What coulu nj/- zls4wg-d be the polyploid uj4/ snz--w glnumber of chromosomes for this organism?

  The overall structure of the fin of a whale, in terms of bones and muscles, isbp1;e9lsp7qx p 8vw kaibgu61p ) yn7cxa647f similar to the op8bqiapx)a 977gfkwx;1v1uesy n4 p 6c bl6p7verall structure of the limb of horses. What are these structures referred to as?

  Which of the following is the strongest evidence supporting the hq)l9xt mwq::o6y u 0qeypothesis that two popu ::qyuw xlmt6eo )q90qlations are two different species?

The male firefly (P. pyra lo(d33blhel)tr.nnd,7ab n hc1fa 1 -lis) signals to potential female mates by flashing its lights in specific patterns. Feml)7lr( 3bacdnf h1on3 h. t n-b,dae1lales will only respond to light patterns produced by their own species.

1.Identify the form of reproductive isolation that fireflies exhibit. Justify your answer.

2.Suggest one possible advantage of this mating ritual.

3.All fireflies seen today have diverged from the same ancestral species. Explain how speciation is responsible for the large variety of firefly species.

  What can result in speciation amonqnn-z 5(qj;xl g organisms living in the same location?

  Which describes the simzu44m b5(: qifdv.y kq xq(eu/ilarities and differences between isolating mechanisms in sympatric and allopatric spe i4:k(.qyz 4b( 5qxe qudmv/fuciation?

  Which of the following are often barriers to hz p-7lu f,6xbjp nq 8nciv-/;hybridisation between species?
I. A given animal hybrid species has an even, as opposed to an odd number of chromosomes.
II. Two species of flowering plants produce gametes at different times of the year.
III. Behavioural barriers exist due to variations in bird song between species.

  Which is a key difference be9+zc z pr3xx,l5q1b (jdil o7stween homologous and analogous structures?

  The table shows factors that can result in speciation. Which3dnf y/ enrgl75+w9ip word is matched to the correct definitio rwd/yl5f 7gp3inne9+ n?

  Shown in diagrams A and B are two ;a tleb vs6hb*)1emm2pairs of similar structures.

Which of the following statements correctly explain the structural similarities shown in diagrams A and B?
I. Structural similarities in diagram A are primarily due to random mutations, not common ancestry.
II. Structural similarities in diagram B are due to the fact that they both perform similar functions.
III. Diagram A depicts analogous structures, and diagram B depicts homologous structures.

  What sequence of events usually occur during the pr kn0:hxviowt. 3)*ddo ocess of speciation?

  Triticum monococcum j1v ncdj-rpb n-x, 9c(is an einkorn wheat and was the first domesticated crop. It has a diploid number of 14 chromosomes. Triticum turgidum is a durum wheat with a total of 28 chromosomes. It is a result of the hr(c d1c9j- b-jnn,x vpybridization of Triticum monococcum and another grass Aegilops speltoides which also has a diploid number of 14. What is the correct term for Triticum turgidum in comparison to Triticum monococcum?

  It is thought that the con/c od3gcme/(t go river divided a population of the common ancestor of bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees ( ccod/mte 3/g(Pan troglodytes), resulting in geographic isolation. Which correctly pairs theoretical selection pressures and consequent adaptations of the two populations?

  Which of the following provides evidence f*(z2+n wh xunvor evolution through selective breedingvun2n(* +wxhz?
I. Phenotypic variation in the domesticated dog (Canis familiaris) has increased significantly as a result of humans selecting desirable traits.
II. Crop yield in domesticated crop plants is significantly greater than their wild relatives.
III. Homo sapiens in many parts of the world have alleles that provide resistance to diseases endemic to their region.

  The base sequence between two species was found to be 78% the same, while tk *eb)9gn ta*phe order of amino acids found in the same ctgn)e *a*b kp9ell types between two species was 82% the same. What may be the reason for this?

  When a horse, which has 64 chromosomes, and a donkey, which has 62 chromosomeeei:xe8 nu5t*s reproduce, a mule offspring is produced. Which are correct descriptions of multe8*x :e5 ieunes?

I. Mules frequently produce offspring with other mules.
II. Cells in mules cannot undergo meiosis but can undergo mitosis.
III. Mule gametes have 63 chromosomes.

A study has been conducted on the effect of hormonal contraception pollutihi vi:z*(n9/xbpnf3:p: t dhuon on the mating calls of the adult male African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). The spectrogram shows the frequency and volume of clicks (mating call) of contrh 3:i:zv*9 i:p n(/hxdun ftpbol X.laevis and those exposed to oestrogen.


1.Distinguish between the clicks in the spectrogram between the control X. laevis and the X. laevis treated with oestrogen in 1 second.

The graph shows the average duration of the X. laevis mating calls when exposed to the hormone oestrogen.


2.Describe the effect of oestrogen on the duration of the mating call.

3.Explain why it is important to have the X.laevis control group.

4.Identify the independent variable in this study.

5.1.Predict the reproductive success of X.laevis exposed to 29.6 ng/L of oestrogen.
5.2.Outline the possible consequences of oestrogen exposure on X. laevis.

  What is adaptive radiation?-o6 vtw.pxg, ehj+e4s

  Which statement best illustrates the process of61*dj/opg sw e evolution?

  Two species of smartweed (genus Persicaria) hybridiseuk 9 re)u9a,mt and form a new species. If a mt99,rkuue) both of the parent species have two copies of each chromosome, how many copies of each chromosome is a daughter species most likely to have?

1.Compare and contrast natural selection and selective breeding. ui- tpyf zevcy8.3r0-

2.Using a named example, outline convergent evolution.

3.Using named examples, discuss the evidence which supports the theory of evolution.

1.Outline how polyploidy result1.0n-wbb m pqt /+5d 8 ppv:8vuncdsvws in reproductive isolation.

2.Discuss the evidence for the theories of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium.

3.Explain the reasons for changes in allele frequency in different populations.

  Which is most likely ak8v06s t7p rhti)u wd5 correct description of a given speciation event?

  The diagram below shows the feeding areas of four species of warbler)2eti bg3w8es (genus Setophaga). What is the best explanation for how thesw2 )e8bsgi 3tee warblers came to coexist in such close proximity?

1.Adaptive radiation results in a single ancestral species evolving into multip qw,i6b 1yzl(w )sats kh+dh*.le, closely related new species which may live in close proximity to each other. Outline 3 mechanisms by which closely related species living in close proximity may be riz h +a.s,kdbs(twh qw*1y) 6leproductively isolated.

2.Outline the process by which two species may be formed from an ancestral population through the process of allopatric speciation.

3.Describe how sexual and asexual reproduction can lead to the formation of new species with different numbers of copies of each chromosome.