The diagram shows the haploid numb6kpxno5hi r9ptf;fo1a d ).kv/-t *fber of chromosomes in a gamete. What could be the polyploid number of chromosomes for this o /-fo1abt i6o rp;xftk9 nhk) *f.pd5vrganism?

  The overall structure of the fin of a whale, in terms of bones and muscl*rmjwhoku02 fgdh5oa6j i 7p7jix q8.k; g: a0es, is similar qoj ioa:m j7*g dk002ixgwu8k6a j;p.rh5 7h fto the overall structure of the limb of horses. What are these structures referred to as?

  Which of the following is the s,8s vbpgea*-9a-cpco trongest evidence supporting the hypothesis that two populations arav,8pgos-- eb* cc ap9e two different species?

The male firefly (P. pyralis) signals to potential female mates by flashil9l7h5 /sjb c9 yyncs1ng its lights in specific patterns. Females w5cj 9ls 9 /y1nsylc7hbill only respond to light patterns produced by their own species.

1.Identify the form of reproductive isolation that fireflies exhibit. Justify your answer.

2.Suggest one possible advantage of this mating ritual.

3.All fireflies seen today have diverged from the same ancestral species. Explain how speciation is responsible for the large variety of firefly species.

  What can result in speciation among o.y5azl vg6 w(jg14k 5euyje8prganisms living in the same location?

  Which describes the similarities and differences between isf(evl50 vi dw :efkic,*9tdq; olating mechanisms in sd d(;e 0e,l:*vv9 ctkfiiq5 wfympatric and allopatric speciation?

  Which of the following are often barriers to hybo wpllpava/b2j: /:n(ridisation between species?
I. A given animal hybrid species has an even, as opposed to an odd number of chromosomes.
II. Two species of flowering plants produce gametes at different times of the year.
III. Behavioural barriers exist due to variations in bird song between species.

  Which is a key difference between homolondh:rs l fzng6;v5 60lgous and analogous structures?

  The table shows factors* 9 p/ mnmy;/ 9inqkxxwem6c9r that can result in speciation. Which word is matched to the corr;/mmqpwmn 9/c 9k xeryi 6x*n9ect definition?

  Shown in diagrams A and B are two pairs of simit7au3-h n-:e /ok+sin0 bczpy lar structures.

Which of the following statements correctly explain the structural similarities shown in diagrams A and B?
I. Structural similarities in diagram A are primarily due to random mutations, not common ancestry.
II. Structural similarities in diagram B are due to the fact that they both perform similar functions.
III. Diagram A depicts analogous structures, and diagram B depicts homologous structures.

  What sequence of events usu :p;xc. kvvysin7d3lc: nbd+- ally occur during the process of speciation?

  Triticum monococcum is an eiysy)g3 /s4cpkbl-g6 e nkorn wheat and was the first domesticated crop. It has a diploid number of 14 chromosomes. Triticum turgidum is a durum wheat with a total of 28 chromosomes. It is a result of the hybridization of Triticum monococcum and another grass Aegilops speltoides which also has a diploid number of 14. What is the correct term for Triticum turgidum glcks)y/4e6 gsy-b3pin comparison to Triticum monococcum?

  It is thought that the congo river dividemxmb7 xwmr9bnzht 4+b-/*+s fd a population of the common ancestor of bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), resulting in geographic isolation. Which correctly pam*f4h9 b t bw+x +zxm7m/rs-bnirs theoretical selection pressures and consequent adaptations of the two populations?

  Which of the following provides evidence for evolution throuwt0 w c49x ,d2/upfqzogh selective breedingf dw/qcx 90zpwt4o 2,u?
I. Phenotypic variation in the domesticated dog (Canis familiaris) has increased significantly as a result of humans selecting desirable traits.
II. Crop yield in domesticated crop plants is significantly greater than their wild relatives.
III. Homo sapiens in many parts of the world have alleles that provide resistance to diseases endemic to their region.

  The base sequence between two species was foun43o es *1svsvwd to be 78% the same, while the order of amino acids found in the same cell types between t4 wv3es1os *vswo species was 82% the same. What may be the reason for this?

  When a horse, which has 64 chromos p +g502msq6g ,nckrldomes, and a donkey, which has 62 chromosomes reproduc0kg62mnp,qsd c5 gr+l e, a mule offspring is produced. Which are correct descriptions of mules?

I. Mules frequently produce offspring with other mules.
II. Cells in mules cannot undergo meiosis but can undergo mitosis.
III. Mule gametes have 63 chromosomes.

A study has been conducted on the effect of hormon2 lcgxl al;w4-al contraception pollution on the mating calls of the adult male African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). The spectrogram shows the frequency and volume of clicks (mating call) of control X.w-lgx allc; 24laevis and those exposed to oestrogen.


1.Distinguish between the clicks in the spectrogram between the control X. laevis and the X. laevis treated with oestrogen in 1 second.

The graph shows the average duration of the X. laevis mating calls when exposed to the hormone oestrogen.


2.Describe the effect of oestrogen on the duration of the mating call.

3.Explain why it is important to have the X.laevis control group.

4.Identify the independent variable in this study.

5.1.Predict the reproductive success of X.laevis exposed to 29.6 ng/L of oestrogen.
5.2.Outline the possible consequences of oestrogen exposure on X. laevis.

  What is adaptive radiatioyv*)mq*mud2vu99f u0pe 2e qq n?

  Which statement best illcd,h2 g6i+d6mwg1va1 7 kfocc ustrates the process of evolution?

  Two species of smartweed (genus Persicaria) hybridise and form a s*zv *a- bw-a)t czj if1-5iganew species. If both of the parent species have two copies of each chromosome, how many copies of each chromosome is a daughter species most ta*)biz f-- c*-1gv aziws5jalikely to have?

1.Compare and contrast natural selecm0u az )plz4;nf9*v +zc;kow ctgo:b:tion and selective breeding.

2.Using a named example, outline convergent evolution.

3.Using named examples, discuss the evidence which supports the theory of evolution.

1.Outline how polyploidy results in reproductj7c;blii :(dn) k (oaaive isolation.

2.Discuss the evidence for the theories of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium.

3.Explain the reasons for changes in allele frequency in different populations.

  Which is most likelyx2jpa d,4m(y odxl+h / a correct description of a given speciation event?

  The diagram below shows the feeding areas of 5n(kc zfy0bh. four species of warbler (genus Setophaga). What is.fzhnyc5 b 0k( the best explanation for how these warblers came to coexist in such close proximity?

1.Adaptive radiation results in a single anceq tqhv8,m 9kzdp3- qy*stral species evolving into multiple, closely related new species which may live in close proximity to each other. Outline 3 mecha qqh-93*m kqd8 v,ytzpnisms by which closely related species living in close proximity may be reproductively isolated.

2.Outline the process by which two species may be formed from an ancestral population through the process of allopatric speciation.

3.Describe how sexual and asexual reproduction can lead to the formation of new species with different numbers of copies of each chromosome.