The diagram shows the k 2rq:9yoiszvd0 v 5d9haploid number of chromosomes in a gamete. What could be the polyploid number of chromosomes for this orga o59yr9sdv0i k q2vdz:nism?

  The overall structure of the fin of a whalcp35zk4;:cnz4a yz dzl )az7se, in terms of bones and muscles, is similar to the overall structure of the limb of horses. What are these structures referrez4z4;az )zd3cz n:sypk la5c7 d to as?

  Which of the following is the strongest evidence -ufy.q ug.kq2supporting the hypothesis that two popula uf.kygu.q q2-tions are two different species?

The male firefly (P. pyralis) signals to potential female mlug55,i uxmlj0 toic5u/u ( ,tates by flashing its lights in specific patterns. Females will only respond to light patterns produced by their own specie /m5ci uij tll5 5otx0(uu,u,gs.

1.Identify the form of reproductive isolation that fireflies exhibit. Justify your answer.

2.Suggest one possible advantage of this mating ritual.

3.All fireflies seen today have diverged from the same ancestral species. Explain how speciation is responsible for the large variety of firefly species.

  What can result in sp.d6:hz1 sdl4m choq4vize //f eciation among organisms living in the same location?

  Which describes the similar9z hy-tx.5olqo;c 7jjities and differences between isolating mechanisms in sympat;57th .yjlj9x qo-o zcric and allopatric speciation?

  Which of the following are often barriers to hybridisation between specmpm ,inf13 :92ssokb5scg :eh ies?
I. A given animal hybrid species has an even, as opposed to an odd number of chromosomes.
II. Two species of flowering plants produce gametes at different times of the year.
III. Behavioural barriers exist due to variations in bird song between species.

  Which is a key differenc+yxfb dpk : 7.(gg wm.pki8)xhe between homologous and analogous structures?

  The table shows factors that can resw)c i4 s*/hcatult in speciation. Which word is matched to the correct definition?4 * /catihcw)s

  Shown in diagrams A and B are twiuaa/4w1u k) nta7ze3o pairs of similar structures.

Which of the following statements correctly explain the structural similarities shown in diagrams A and B?
I. Structural similarities in diagram A are primarily due to random mutations, not common ancestry.
II. Structural similarities in diagram B are due to the fact that they both perform similar functions.
III. Diagram A depicts analogous structures, and diagram B depicts homologous structures.

  What sequence of evex94o5+f j.jfc /yg6 n buzk(hants usually occur during the process of speciation?

  Triticum monococcum is an einkorn wheat and was the first dome;1sava8d(h w j2lymf)sticated crop. It has a diploid number of 14 chromosomes. Triticum turgys d1a8v2wa lm();fjhidum is a durum wheat with a total of 28 chromosomes. It is a result of the hybridization of Triticum monococcum and another grass Aegilops speltoides which also has a diploid number of 14. What is the correct term for Triticum turgidum in comparison to Triticum monococcum?

  It is thought that the congo river divided a population of the common ancesiwiewh f.4yrnb8n/f1 vn *jx7r s43d9tor of bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), resulting in geographic isolation. Which correctly pairs theoretical selection pressures and consequent adasr.8x n7f rndbn whi*f4w/94j1 iv y3eptations of the two populations?

  Which of the following provides evidence for d/idcu;de9 h.t6m qwd.qfr2 z;g ( 0toevolution through selective breedingcfo2 d d.i0htr g q;d(t9qm6;u.de /zw?
I. Phenotypic variation in the domesticated dog (Canis familiaris) has increased significantly as a result of humans selecting desirable traits.
II. Crop yield in domesticated crop plants is significantly greater than their wild relatives.
III. Homo sapiens in many parts of the world have alleles that provide resistance to diseases endemic to their region.

  The base sequence between two species was found to be 78% thpx.)i9,q/ j x jqj(*ksfe-rk ne same, while the order of amino acids found in the kr* jq./9,ie)- ksjqnfxjp(x same cell types between two species was 82% the same. What may be the reason for this?

  When a horse, which has 64 chromosomes, and a donkey, which has 62 chok,h 6 ./d vze1/gkcawromosomes reproduce, a mule offspring is produced. Which are correct descripkz/,.gwhc/6 a1 vdkoetions of mules?

I. Mules frequently produce offspring with other mules.
II. Cells in mules cannot undergo meiosis but can undergo mitosis.
III. Mule gametes have 63 chromosomes.

A study has been conducted on t(8csq o0hvj7uxav1 d; he effect of hormonal contraception pollution on the mating calls of the adult s18;dc7ujxao0 vh (vqmale African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). The spectrogram shows the frequency and volume of clicks (mating call) of control X.laevis and those exposed to oestrogen.


1.Distinguish between the clicks in the spectrogram between the control X. laevis and the X. laevis treated with oestrogen in 1 second.

The graph shows the average duration of the X. laevis mating calls when exposed to the hormone oestrogen.


2.Describe the effect of oestrogen on the duration of the mating call.

3.Explain why it is important to have the X.laevis control group.

4.Identify the independent variable in this study.

5.1.Predict the reproductive success of X.laevis exposed to 29.6 ng/L of oestrogen.
5.2.Outline the possible consequences of oestrogen exposure on X. laevis.

  What is adaptive radiatioweh dja 1ed.z74jlp0sfs m91 3n?

  Which statement best illustrates the pi;i wz k9;h11skjv 1fprocess of evolution?

  Two species of smartweed (genus Persicaria) hybridise and form a new 0ny;9se p m 4+zkx-pt+obml m;species. If both of the parent species have two copies of each chromosome, how many copi;zt 9 omk4;sp0xp-+ l meynmb+es of each chromosome is a daughter species most likely to have?

1.Compare and contrast natural selection and se+2cbl ncwb8c0lective breeding.

2.Using a named example, outline convergent evolution.

3.Using named examples, discuss the evidence which supports the theory of evolution.

1.Outline how polyploidy lb zgv moyhflq77*z+v67 0tyia)u:7nresults in reproductive isolation.

2.Discuss the evidence for the theories of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium.

3.Explain the reasons for changes in allele frequency in different populations.

  Which is most likely a correct description of as5v3z v8so +4v6 k7nabfqt;*,owy* ix2br kh w given speciation event?

  The diagram below shows the feeding apy5i 0hae f kj.o 5u.-y6gs kad)pj,b)reas of four species of warbler (genus Setophaga). What is the best explanation for how these warblers came to coexist in such close proxim. jbg5a.pa0e6)k5 - dhyk f,sio)u ypjity?

1.Adaptive radiation resuljk,rc +v jwy62ts in a single ancestral species evolving into multiple, closely related new species which may live in close proximity to each other. Outline 3 mechanisms by which closely related species living in close proximity may be6cjryk2v ,+wj reproductively isolated.

2.Outline the process by which two species may be formed from an ancestral population through the process of allopatric speciation.

3.Describe how sexual and asexual reproduction can lead to the formation of new species with different numbers of copies of each chromosome.