The diagram shows the haploid number of chromosomes in a gamete. Why -r)i5e +viq7/9fcish7:v7u 2wrw2 kwpv tvwat could be the polyplo2r:+7swvv-vkr)5yw2w9 pv/q7ii tiuc w7f h eid number of chromosomes for this organism?

  The overall structure of the fin of a whale, in terc z)-svk rxs ev6 nhp0mp7+4*jms of bones and muscles, is similar to the ovx srv)+v zm 76 h0s*-c4ekjppnerall structure of the limb of horses. What are these structures referred to as?

  Which of the following is the strongest evidence supporting them6rvxe t;:ha2 hypothesis that two populations are two diff:t ae2 ;hx6rvmerent species?

The male firefly (P. pyralis) signals to potential female matevi 3hou *j5o5ci p4e-vs by flashing its lights in specific patterns. Females 5hi-jo3o4iv5c *v puewill only respond to light patterns produced by their own species.

1.Identify the form of reproductive isolation that fireflies exhibit. Justify your answer.

2.Suggest one possible advantage of this mating ritual.

3.All fireflies seen today have diverged from the same ancestral species. Explain how speciation is responsible for the large variety of firefly species.

  What can result in speciation ax 8lhvo)p*at .bo1k8mmong organisms living in the same location?

  Which describes the similarities and differences between isolating mechanxgom2 arzqz+h s.i:9/a1y7mwisms in sympatric and allopatric speciatio7riahz gy9 1zxw+a2mosm/q.: n?

  Which of the following are often barri ./lrlt-,nt63ij l(mdlveofd, : bp4ners to hybridisation between species?
I. A given animal hybrid species has an even, as opposed to an odd number of chromosomes.
II. Two species of flowering plants produce gametes at different times of the year.
III. Behavioural barriers exist due to variations in bird song between species.

  Which is a key diffe*p+h4egj 9qub( m6 jnorence between homologous and analogous structures?

  The table shows factors that can result in sp tnk8;neq3ppzp i 39w;ofa+q ,eciation. Which word is matched to the correct pwi;qa; +epq t8pn,3fk oz39n definition?

  Shown in diagrams A and B are two pairs of similar struuw.o; rb:0cg.h sb6f kctures.

Which of the following statements correctly explain the structural similarities shown in diagrams A and B?
I. Structural similarities in diagram A are primarily due to random mutations, not common ancestry.
II. Structural similarities in diagram B are due to the fact that they both perform similar functions.
III. Diagram A depicts analogous structures, and diagram B depicts homologous structures.

  What sequence of events usually occur during the proce m-ax 0/11uq7xzybm eoss of speciation?

  Triticum monococcum is an einkorn w+6jz hc(.y hr(( 1nux z31vxqusdk,uy heat and was the first domesticated crop. It has a diploid number of 14 chromosomes. Triticum turgidum is a durum wheat with a total of 28 chromosomes. It is a result of the hybridization of Trn1y h.uqz(v(j61 x(y,zu schd+x3kr uiticum monococcum and another grass Aegilops speltoides which also has a diploid number of 14. What is the correct term for Triticum turgidum in comparison to Triticum monococcum?

  It is thought that the congo river divided a populationutds wqdn)3*; sv)et, of the common ancestor of bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), resulting in geographic isolation. Which ),u qv*3;et)ss wddt ncorrectly pairs theoretical selection pressures and consequent adaptations of the two populations?

  Which of the following provides evidence for evoluwznjpk0c) 6jn0i vo) (tion through selective breeding?von) (iw0pn jjc0z )6k
I. Phenotypic variation in the domesticated dog (Canis familiaris) has increased significantly as a result of humans selecting desirable traits.
II. Crop yield in domesticated crop plants is significantly greater than their wild relatives.
III. Homo sapiens in many parts of the world have alleles that provide resistance to diseases endemic to their region.

  The base sequence between two species wasukx:v7wav:xu xn,one f8 6e, yd n1,1i found to be 78% the same, while the order of amino acids found in the same cell types betweefi7nd1xn1uuk ,een:,,w 6va vy8 o :xxn two species was 82% the same. What may be the reason for this?

  When a horse, which has 64 chromosomes, and a donkey, who q suj o*7/wz/06dkosich has 62 chromosomes reproduce, a mule offspring is produced. Which are correct/s7o* 6ds0qkuowz/oj descriptions of mules?

I. Mules frequently produce offspring with other mules.
II. Cells in mules cannot undergo meiosis but can undergo mitosis.
III. Mule gametes have 63 chromosomes.

A study has been condu/p5eazb1b at-/dn 1sn cted on the effect of hormonal contraception pollution on the mating calls of the adult male African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). The spectrogram shows the frequency and volume of clicks (1 1 apnba/nb-etdzs/ 5mating call) of control X.laevis and those exposed to oestrogen.


1.Distinguish between the clicks in the spectrogram between the control X. laevis and the X. laevis treated with oestrogen in 1 second.

The graph shows the average duration of the X. laevis mating calls when exposed to the hormone oestrogen.


2.Describe the effect of oestrogen on the duration of the mating call.

3.Explain why it is important to have the X.laevis control group.

4.Identify the independent variable in this study.

5.1.Predict the reproductive success of X.laevis exposed to 29.6 ng/L of oestrogen.
5.2.Outline the possible consequences of oestrogen exposure on X. laevis.

  What is adaptive radiatih *pin0kk iee9p7eik 3.9ks-kon?

  Which statement best illustrates the process of evxwxej v7jz3f)q37 p5w- uig* n:qx1sc olution?

  Two species of smartweed (genus Persicaria) hyuw6oe mwpvaks2 )x /5wj.k 8s5bridise and form a new species. If both of the parent species have two copies of each chromosome, how many copies of each chromosome is a daughter species spjmuw)o w5 /vxe6k a25 w.sk8most likely to have?

1.Compare and contrast natural selection and selectivebjva4wb76 q0:m x4imwx1 ynb ( breeding.

2.Using a named example, outline convergent evolution.

3.Using named examples, discuss the evidence which supports the theory of evolution.

1.Outline how polyploidy results in reproductive isolat hkxg6m1wa)-w ion.

2.Discuss the evidence for the theories of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium.

3.Explain the reasons for changes in allele frequency in different populations.

  Which is most likely a correct ,xlj g*a3 b.psdescription of a given speciation event?

  The diagram below shows the feeding areas of four species of warblqpn17jo ivb;on8sv lg:;8 ie1er (genus Setophaga). What is the best explanation for how these warbl;;:8 siiovnq o1 1lb8n7vjgepers came to coexist in such close proximity?

1.Adaptive radiation results in a single ancestral species g8qk*7llmwwqr *(n , aevolving into multiple, closely related new species which may live in closawrgw qm*8 7l,*qknl(e proximity to each other. Outline 3 mechanisms by which closely related species living in close proximity may be reproductively isolated.

2.Outline the process by which two species may be formed from an ancestral population through the process of allopatric speciation.

3.Describe how sexual and asexual reproduction can lead to the formation of new species with different numbers of copies of each chromosome.