The diagram shows the have* azm vm)7+bploid number of chromosomes in a gamete. What could be the polyploid number of chromosomesv*+b7maz ) emv for this organism?

  The overall structure of the fin of a whale, in d21ess3pb;be)*n uygtqi6. v terms of bones and muscles, is similar to the overa*uyse v.bs 6td3be2);iqngp1 ll structure of the limb of horses. What are these structures referred to as?

  Which of the following is the strongest evidence suppov 3 axy r)t0 pf)5ifx7avozxjp2cm+pi 4qp3* 1rting the hypothesis that two populatixov)rzp x24 vy a1at0p35cp)f7qm i* p3 +fijxons are two different species?

The male firefly (P. pyralis) sig60m2jgvf ix+n4 4k elwnals to potential female mates by flashing its lights in specific patterns. Females will only respond to light patterns producekm02vfx ni gje464w+ ld by their own species.

1.Identify the form of reproductive isolation that fireflies exhibit. Justify your answer.

2.Suggest one possible advantage of this mating ritual.

3.All fireflies seen today have diverged from the same ancestral species. Explain how speciation is responsible for the large variety of firefly species.

  What can result in speciation amot/ xh1sg+f )gmng organisms living in the same location?

  Which describes the similarities and differences between isolating mecha:bcfm4y vmh9a80luc)/3k8i gwuz8 dmnisms in sympatric and 3l/8dky9 8bi :u vmc g)0m amwhz4uc8fallopatric speciation?

  Which of the following are often barri seg7h4qjzp62ers to hybridisation between species?
I. A given animal hybrid species has an even, as opposed to an odd number of chromosomes.
II. Two species of flowering plants produce gametes at different times of the year.
III. Behavioural barriers exist due to variations in bird song between species.

  Which is a key difference between homologous and a23 wsj7 ixd.k).dezvy nalogous structures?

  The table shows factors that can result in nfs;ty,;efxd5 koz 4lb3o4 y9 speciation. Which word is matched to the correfk otf,ed ; zxl9oy454bs; n3yct definition?

  Shown in diagrams A and B are two pairs of similar s6vdcg0c 4+m cptructures.

Which of the following statements correctly explain the structural similarities shown in diagrams A and B?
I. Structural similarities in diagram A are primarily due to random mutations, not common ancestry.
II. Structural similarities in diagram B are due to the fact that they both perform similar functions.
III. Diagram A depicts analogous structures, and diagram B depicts homologous structures.

  What sequence of events usually occur during 79w hj:ttbdaj.yo- lvyx :6u:the process of speciation?

  Triticum monococcum is an einkor9 :k.yvwmhxr0 n wheat and was the first domesticated crop. It has a diploid number of 14 chromosomes. Triticum turgidum is a durum wheat with a total of 28 chromosomes. It is a result of the hybridization of Triticum monococcum and another grass Aegilopsym.x :0wvhk 9r speltoides which also has a diploid number of 14. What is the correct term for Triticum turgidum in comparison to Triticum monococcum?

  It is thought that the congo rivlbx 7 (c2d30lvx/vp ofer divided a population of the common ancestor of bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), resulting in geographic isolation. Which correctly pairs theoretical selection pressures and consequent ab3xv7d(lx 2 l/v o0pcfdaptations of the two populations?

  Which of the following provides evidence for evolution thr 04 r7pz+u-xqb2wpe ryough selective breedin0wr7-zqb+ey2rx4up pg?
I. Phenotypic variation in the domesticated dog (Canis familiaris) has increased significantly as a result of humans selecting desirable traits.
II. Crop yield in domesticated crop plants is significantly greater than their wild relatives.
III. Homo sapiens in many parts of the world have alleles that provide resistance to diseases endemic to their region.

  The base sequence between two species was found to be 78% the same, whizv x 8q*v xe1w7ykn+f lom(y59le the order of amino acids found in the same cell types between two species was 82% the same. What may be the y1+mf8kwv5 yex * (7n9olvzx qreason for this?

  When a horse, which has 64 chromosomes, and a donkey, whir2v 3ycwxx 7k6ch has 62 chromosomes reproduce, a mule offspring is produced. Which are correct descriptions o x3y67x 2ckrwvf mules?

I. Mules frequently produce offspring with other mules.
II. Cells in mules cannot undergo meiosis but can undergo mitosis.
III. Mule gametes have 63 chromosomes.

A study has been conducted on the effect of hormonal contrace m5s grhb/u6j 2qfsh;d4bb.h; ption pollution on the mating calls of the adult male African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). The spectrogram shows the frequency and volume of hmjus42b. q;hh sgrbdfb/5;6 clicks (mating call) of control X.laevis and those exposed to oestrogen.


1.Distinguish between the clicks in the spectrogram between the control X. laevis and the X. laevis treated with oestrogen in 1 second.

The graph shows the average duration of the X. laevis mating calls when exposed to the hormone oestrogen.


2.Describe the effect of oestrogen on the duration of the mating call.

3.Explain why it is important to have the X.laevis control group.

4.Identify the independent variable in this study.

5.1.Predict the reproductive success of X.laevis exposed to 29.6 ng/L of oestrogen.
5.2.Outline the possible consequences of oestrogen exposure on X. laevis.

  What is adaptive radiati8/zth0ymu3o qon?

  Which statement best illustrates the procesj ;ho 5 hmtirv(o2+9pds of evolution?

  Two species of smartweed (genus Persicaria) hybridise and8huj5t/.ce9a7crfopq pi*. k form a new species. If both of the parent species have two copies of each chromosome, hop.crac8h q/p oi*t j.u5ke7f9w many copies of each chromosome is a daughter species most likely to have?

1.Compare and contrast namq 3h:;p3nkq rw qje ,7o52ractural selection and selective breeding.

2.Using a named example, outline convergent evolution.

3.Using named examples, discuss the evidence which supports the theory of evolution.

1.Outline how polyploidy resux02l+e8p w zta ,ui(3/rogsiih6y h/wlts in reproductive isolation.

2.Discuss the evidence for the theories of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium.

3.Explain the reasons for changes in allele frequency in different populations.

  Which is most likely a correct desc(i(i: jl3k w+phmq;t zription of a given speciation event?

  The diagram below shows the feeding areas of four species of warbler (gwr nno;.c0p yg3 u1k)cenus Setop 31 rwk;ncp yo0n)gc.uhaga). What is the best explanation for how these warblers came to coexist in such close proximity?

1.Adaptive radiation results in a single ancestral species evolvl7:tawtyjxldm(68m , uxr 02 (xhr cw0ing into multiple, closely related new species which dh:(7m8wrtux2x6x aw r(c,l t00j y lmmay live in close proximity to each other. Outline 3 mechanisms by which closely related species living in close proximity may be reproductively isolated.

2.Outline the process by which two species may be formed from an ancestral population through the process of allopatric speciation.

3.Describe how sexual and asexual reproduction can lead to the formation of new species with different numbers of copies of each chromosome.