The diagram shows the haploid number of chromosomes in a gamete. What ccx 6yc7d lcl(j52t4 q :fnpii.ould be the polyploid number of chromosomes for this5 2l4p(.q fit cx6nl cd:jyc7i organism?

  The overall structure of the fin of a whale, in terms of bones and musclesdqc ;*5 va 5sfewah.,j, is similar to the overall struch.s *wajcqd;f ,v5ea5ture of the limb of horses. What are these structures referred to as?

  Which of the following is the stro07buqndb(j9q8sw2 dnnp(/i 5xvt3 j tngest evidence supporting the hypothesis that two populations are two different species(n sw nx d t q/pi3nq7buvdbj09(25jt8?

The male firefly (P. pyralis) signals to potential female ma7*(l1faae8ofgk 4aget/m v4v zh 0;vrtes by flashing its lights in specific patterns. Females will/gf4 vo8k( ae laz4;0argvh1f* 7ve mt only respond to light patterns produced by their own species.

1.Identify the form of reproductive isolation that fireflies exhibit. Justify your answer.

2.Suggest one possible advantage of this mating ritual.

3.All fireflies seen today have diverged from the same ancestral species. Explain how speciation is responsible for the large variety of firefly species.

  What can result in speciation among organisms livi ,+nxoqn)cb6*8edjm 8sm,lvu ng in the same location?

  Which describes the similarities and differences between isolating mec0tsc3; my :/t qxg,*0ifpbmgohanisms in sym:mgg;,*0txm iopt3 q0fcsyb/patric and allopatric speciation?

  Which of the following are often barriers to hybridisation betwe o jxuy)+p(v14g94ol0fjvjoden species?
I. A given animal hybrid species has an even, as opposed to an odd number of chromosomes.
II. Two species of flowering plants produce gametes at different times of the year.
III. Behavioural barriers exist due to variations in bird song between species.

  Which is a key difference between homologous and analogous stru8l2g ye 30tds,p,aqqkctures?

  The table shows factors that can result in s2hay lnxjr92 w-rfr::tttg j7t6b13 speciation. Which word is matched to the correct defina1:yb st2tx: r9 lrtn 6j3t-rghjfw72 ition?

  Shown in diagrams A and f9op3 )*0/6 hboomqp6:ym:v zu drz pcB are two pairs of similar structures.

Which of the following statements correctly explain the structural similarities shown in diagrams A and B?
I. Structural similarities in diagram A are primarily due to random mutations, not common ancestry.
II. Structural similarities in diagram B are due to the fact that they both perform similar functions.
III. Diagram A depicts analogous structures, and diagram B depicts homologous structures.

  What sequence of events usually occur fafsvq wy:0, f*1 27xwjdm 1k pc8kgv-during the process of speciation?

  Triticum monococcum is an einkornu7 p+2zqf8egk wheat and was the first domesticated crop. It has a diploid number of 14 chromosomes. Triticum turgidum is a durum wheat with a total of 28 chromosomes. It is a result of the hybridization of Triticum monococcum and another grass Aegilops speltoides which also has a diploid number of 14. What is the correct term fog8 pkq+2 ez7ufr Triticum turgidum in comparison to Triticum monococcum?

  It is thought that the congo river divided a populdwnr .nc0 vyaal)g ts3f8 ,*6oation of the common ancestor of bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan trogl8 ava g3s*d,w.y )6ornltc0fn odytes), resulting in geographic isolation. Which correctly pairs theoretical selection pressures and consequent adaptations of the two populations?

  Which of the followis o x;lg;hh+bt2ub+k9 c(6tgmy/or/y 86c gb png provides evidence for evolution through selective breedinu + /g+(2s;hybhol ty mb6pcr/g68g;b9coktx g?
I. Phenotypic variation in the domesticated dog (Canis familiaris) has increased significantly as a result of humans selecting desirable traits.
II. Crop yield in domesticated crop plants is significantly greater than their wild relatives.
III. Homo sapiens in many parts of the world have alleles that provide resistance to diseases endemic to their region.

  The base sequence between two specow16v5 wkydzwa;-g + zies was found to be 78% the same, while the order of amino acwzv ;1 +6kagd-z 5wwyoids found in the same cell types between two species was 82% the same. What may be the reason for this?

  When a horse, which has 64 chromosomes, and a do(rfkfy u0b,yz)+n)5e:p cr slc ;) rbknkey, which has 62 chromosomes reproduce, a mule offspring is produced. Which are correct descrip(u 0 ,)ef nr;bypcy cfskz+r)b:l)rk5tions of mules?

I. Mules frequently produce offspring with other mules.
II. Cells in mules cannot undergo meiosis but can undergo mitosis.
III. Mule gametes have 63 chromosomes.

A study has been conducted on the effect of hon821bx-xkmwovxrt+6 :nrrb 7rmonal contraception pollution on the mating calls of the adult male African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). The spectrogram shows the frequency and volume of clicks (mating call) of control 1rx:-xntv bomrrk6 n87bx w+2 X.laevis and those exposed to oestrogen.


1.Distinguish between the clicks in the spectrogram between the control X. laevis and the X. laevis treated with oestrogen in 1 second.

The graph shows the average duration of the X. laevis mating calls when exposed to the hormone oestrogen.


2.Describe the effect of oestrogen on the duration of the mating call.

3.Explain why it is important to have the X.laevis control group.

4.Identify the independent variable in this study.

5.1.Predict the reproductive success of X.laevis exposed to 29.6 ng/L of oestrogen.
5.2.Outline the possible consequences of oestrogen exposure on X. laevis.

  What is adaptive radiatiqp, qb +kp7xh6j66g0nrbz/ qwon?

  Which statement best illustrates the process of evoluesjs9xzh chk 825w7lg3+.bkg tion?

  Two species of smartweed (genus Persicaria) hybridise and form a new species. If2es ifu /; yhoj lpk0csp;p/1( both of the parent species have two copies of each chrp(f0lhkei/s 2ou jpy1; pcs/; omosome, how many copies of each chromosome is a daughter species most likely to have?

1.Compare and contrast natural selection and selective 4-r3soloc lynpm / p;8breeding.

2.Using a named example, outline convergent evolution.

3.Using named examples, discuss the evidence which supports the theory of evolution.

1.Outline how polyploidy results in zwck9y-:p y 3c: i0qqaagb/d7reproductive isolation.

2.Discuss the evidence for the theories of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium.

3.Explain the reasons for changes in allele frequency in different populations.

  Which is most likely a correct descriptih h04-3mlk i)mmwmn*tw:(is ron of a given speciation event?

  The diagram below shows the feeding areztx(s+h7( g2*dxn5q lp m6uglas of four species of warbler (genus Setop(2*plgzlm76 ( quxx 5+dgths nhaga). What is the best explanation for how these warblers came to coexist in such close proximity?

1.Adaptive radiation results in a single ancestral species evolving e iv 4f3n9/zm k dyxt07c1;h-1mplheginto multiple, closely related new species which may live in close proximity to each other. Outline 3 mechanisms by which closely refxe/vc9z1ik-; hg3me ym hd047p t1 nllated species living in close proximity may be reproductively isolated.

2.Outline the process by which two species may be formed from an ancestral population through the process of allopatric speciation.

3.Describe how sexual and asexual reproduction can lead to the formation of new species with different numbers of copies of each chromosome.