The diagram shows the haploid number of chromosomesdxqcdx65prvu hp; y+7j758tuyr(k7m in a gamete. What could be the polyploid number of chromosomes for u;5(hqr + xuxrpjv57k7d y m7t6yc8dpthis organism?

  The overall structure ycmx(v)b y-9k s3-eyz of the fin of a whale, in terms of bones and muscles, is similar to the overall structure of the limb 9yy e)c(v s -bz-mxy3kof horses. What are these structures referred to as?

  Which of the following is the strongest evidence supporting t4 n3i jbcf/v-u c-(rx l*d7mnyhe hypothesis that two populatio nnu *y7li--jmr/vc4bf3( dxcns are two different species?

The male firefly (P. pyralis(;fucmtb3fi:1ozefp d z60+ e) signals to potential female mates by flashing its lights in specific patterns. Females will only respond to light patted3 p (bz0e+fu;1e mfzt i:of6crns produced by their own species.

1.Identify the form of reproductive isolation that fireflies exhibit. Justify your answer.

2.Suggest one possible advantage of this mating ritual.

3.All fireflies seen today have diverged from the same ancestral species. Explain how speciation is responsible for the large variety of firefly species.

  What can result in speciation among organisms living in the same locatc 7:1zs cosve8ion?

  Which describes the similwgkb57 j 2zffx3suq (+arities and differences between isolating mechanisms in sympatric and allopw27 +s5u bffk3qzxj( gatric speciation?

  Which of the following are often barriers to hybridisation between spechm+r +ija3vd7 w8cf u5ies?
I. A given animal hybrid species has an even, as opposed to an odd number of chromosomes.
II. Two species of flowering plants produce gametes at different times of the year.
III. Behavioural barriers exist due to variations in bird song between species.

  Which is a key difference between lsa*) j lsk50qhomologous and analogous structures?

  The table shows facto n7 e02tg(ycters that can result in speciation. Which word is matched to the correyet2e7g (cn0tct definition?

  Shown in diagrams A and B are two pairs of similar strk+dz81b0.u+,q4onipi b- fhta iezh/uctures.

Which of the following statements correctly explain the structural similarities shown in diagrams A and B?
I. Structural similarities in diagram A are primarily due to random mutations, not common ancestry.
II. Structural similarities in diagram B are due to the fact that they both perform similar functions.
III. Diagram A depicts analogous structures, and diagram B depicts homologous structures.

  What sequence of events usuallyr,s87k9r gy2fy7 t pzo occur during the process of speciation?

  Triticum monococcum is an einkorg/ n,-aj)xq hmn wheat and was the first domesticated crop. It has a diploid number of 14 chromosomes. Triticum turgidum is a durum wheat with a total of 28 chromosomes. It is a result of the hybridization of Triticum monococcum and another grass Aegilops spelto-) g ma,nhx/jqides which also has a diploid number of 14. What is the correct term for Triticum turgidum in comparison to Triticum monococcum?

  It is thought that the congo river divided a population of the common ancesto5xa+81h .)9xazmpv5bl o3tj3uvnc.2yz ap ctr of bono a)pu. .zbtc5jx9m23aa zch1+olnp y 5vv83 xtbos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), resulting in geographic isolation. Which correctly pairs theoretical selection pressures and consequent adaptations of the two populations?

  Which of the following proe +: ovq5ij+wq nx-ji:vides evidence for evolution through selective breeding? -:j:xjiv+ n+eiqwqo5
I. Phenotypic variation in the domesticated dog (Canis familiaris) has increased significantly as a result of humans selecting desirable traits.
II. Crop yield in domesticated crop plants is significantly greater than their wild relatives.
III. Homo sapiens in many parts of the world have alleles that provide resistance to diseases endemic to their region.

  The base sequence between two sp4tt+h26h9 c 4otcyxg62 5n0g x b;s2lfnrddomecies was found to be 78% the same, while the order of amino acids found in the same cell types between two species was 82% the same. What may be the reason for thisr xg c2mtc9+5l h62fy 4x0d64nbd2oto ;stghn?

  When a horse, which has 64 chz 0vrtx6us-dn qt,mj (m7o htw4u8 2p5romosomes, and a donkey, which has 62 chromosomes reproduce, a mule offspring is produced. Which are 6md,05h- 4tvu7 xowz jnp 82t( urtsmqcorrect descriptions of mules?

I. Mules frequently produce offspring with other mules.
II. Cells in mules cannot undergo meiosis but can undergo mitosis.
III. Mule gametes have 63 chromosomes.

A study has been conducted on the effect of hormonal contraception pollution on 4s,h5 vxufnzbymmw5nh7. u7 2the mating calls of the adult male African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis). The spectrogram shows the frequency and volume of clicks (mating call) of control X.l f75h7m4,yn.v x2usnwzhm u5 baevis and those exposed to oestrogen.


1.Distinguish between the clicks in the spectrogram between the control X. laevis and the X. laevis treated with oestrogen in 1 second.

The graph shows the average duration of the X. laevis mating calls when exposed to the hormone oestrogen.


2.Describe the effect of oestrogen on the duration of the mating call.

3.Explain why it is important to have the X.laevis control group.

4.Identify the independent variable in this study.

5.1.Predict the reproductive success of X.laevis exposed to 29.6 ng/L of oestrogen.
5.2.Outline the possible consequences of oestrogen exposure on X. laevis.

  What is adaptive rad 7:hc5fklprkd.94q 1u1 jemqqiation?

  Which statement best illuststr94m4pe84+xhxq 2 aq,r slqq 11wojrates the process of evolution?

  Two species of smartweed (c x:fcm q4lof.8u)ac, ;dfr ;vgenus Persicaria) hybridise and form a new species. If both of the parent species have two copies of each chromosome, how many copies of each chromosome is a daughter species most fcrcaoxm :4l;)8cuvqff,; d. likely to have?

1.Compare and contrast natura sqe 5i*egs0b.l selection and selective breeding.

2.Using a named example, outline convergent evolution.

3.Using named examples, discuss the evidence which supports the theory of evolution.

1.Outline how polyploidy results in reproductive 2 p om1p7(at vvl-krsr.lj0*qisolation.

2.Discuss the evidence for the theories of gradualism and punctuated equilibrium.

3.Explain the reasons for changes in allele frequency in different populations.

  Which is most likely a correct description of a given speciation event? h i8ia38 prrqmq wl-tox 8-e97

  The diagram below shows the feeding areas of four species of warbler (genus Sem*i+urx/y:z) m3pc iz)s .bn ptophaga). What is the best explanatc 3b)z*xpus+r i )im/zpm.y:nion for how these warblers came to coexist in such close proximity?

1.Adaptive radiation qr / w.en-7jehl :s*k5uhc jvif-1a8yresults in a single ancestral species evolving into multiple, closely relat8-ic5f.w/ h:e*jk 7ulejvr-qa1n hsyed new species which may live in close proximity to each other. Outline 3 mechanisms by which closely related species living in close proximity may be reproductively isolated.

2.Outline the process by which two species may be formed from an ancestral population through the process of allopatric speciation.

3.Describe how sexual and asexual reproduction can lead to the formation of new species with different numbers of copies of each chromosome.