Which reaction converts monosaccharides into disaccharide7twcmi)j( o :laz*r,tp k5qz:s?

  1.State the reaction that fo vwfcb ;,v/)4-pwqxzy)l7,r * hcka gcrms disaccharides from monosaccharides.
   OR dehydration synthesis

2.Draw the products of the reaction between the two monosaccharides shown in the diagram below.

  What is the substrate for the enzyme lab+ud2xpb ndo 7r/o,y,ctase?

  Biomolecules have diverse forms and structures. Which of the following s63 hrno*hq2kkcsj:m 9gno ,h 1tatements is 9 nor6q2:hkm*gh3ko1c s,jnh false?

  A disaccharide is formed by a condensation*t *+ dnoorxcik9:9 oo7w*q+su *6utpq 9mbm h reaction between a glucose molecule and+hkb+qmo7c6u *u9qdm*9intosop w r*o t:9x* a fructose molecule. Which molecule fits this description?

  What bond is formed betweea;)+ikpw5b ih: o t9zan two glucose molecules to form maltose?

  What is the product of this reenu(x ,oa4uzl1f / 1awaction?

  Which of the following is a stero6s .udult-kouek)8r, id?

  Which row in the table below correctly identifi- lfc3m)yfs s4es the the constituents of the named c3fsy fml4-)s macromolecules?

  The diagram below shows e/*k f raw )zkv:y. j)i5zpef4the structure of 2 different monomers.



1.State the name of the following:

1.1.structure A:α-  
1.2.structure B:  

2.State the name of a polymer which contains the following molecules:

2.1.structure A:starch OR glycogen OR amylose OR amylopectin
2.2.structure B:ribonucleic acid OR   

1.Distinguish between the formation and breaking down:j 98vekmwkoez;c6ku agpmx0xm 5*/* of a polymer.

2.Compare and contrast carbohydrates, lipids and proteins.

  Which statement(s) about starch and gly9 ngsbf0zv1r2cogen is/are correct?
I. Starch and glycogen are branched molecules.
II. Starch is made up β− glucose molecules but glycogen is made up of α− glucose molecules.
III. Starch and glycogen are energy storing polysaccharides.

  Which of the following is only able to trigger a recsh3zx b ;(p1roulpc;3,t lv- sponse in a cell by binding to a receptorob x;cc13ur-hl;, sv3p(t zlp in the plasma membrane?

The micrograph shows a part of a pafrqu gitbkr)d/99 dw317c* qlant cell from the leaf of Anemone sp.


1.Label structures in the plant cell above:

1.1.using the letter R where starch can be found;
1.2.using the letter S where lipids can be found;
1.3.using the letter T where cellulose can be found.

2.Compare and contrast between the structure and functions of glycogen and starch.

  Which molecule diagramvm (gt,gh 00te is correctly matched to the name?

  Eating a healthy, balanced diezct+1m:t.sduvg -ia0v ua 1i x1mj ;g-t is important in order to maintain overall health and a strong immune system. A healthy diet means eating a wide variety of food whilst limiting the csjm;i 1gvm-+ugc 0 xtz :i1.t-dau va1onsumption of foods which are considered to be less healthy, such as those high in saturated fats.

In an investigation into the effects of diet on low-density lipoprotein levels (LDL) in the blood, scientists provided two groups of mice with varied diets. Each group was given 5g of food per day, containing a mixture of a standard food mix and either avocado or cheese. The ratios of the food were changed each day and blood LDL levels were recorded. The diets and results are shown in the tables and graph.



1.1.Describe the impact on blood LDL levels when feeding mice diets supplemented with avocado or cheese.

1.2.Explain the differences between results from both groups.

1.3.Suggest a reason for the trend shown in LDL levels in group one.

2.State which group is most at risk of heart disease and stroke. Give a reason for your answer.

3.1.Suggest one advantage of using mice in this experiment instead of humans.

3.2.State one variable, not mentioned in the question, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve valid results.

4.For mice fed with cheese, calculate how many times greater the LDL levels were on day 5 compared to day 2.
Day 2 =  

  Which molecules formfvve .nkflt3o.i3f ) - a triglyceride?

Distinguish between the structure of cellulose, starch and gly0,ffmy mvn s(iuu (6b of2:v 42lptyp6cogen.

  Which molecule is shown in the 8vv* zaiwu4f5 diagram below?

  Which monosaccharides are matched to inco1h8opta yr8 *mrrect disaccharides?

  Which of the following is th 42s37kutzb ;tw5a4*u vg gncde correct composition of the named polysaccharide?

  Which of the following statements describes alpha-Linolen.4 )n1frl)pykkb 6hpk-vusp * ate, as depicted in the diagram )4-vrph1lnk .k)*spybu6kf p below?

Molecules used in metabolism can be classified as carbohydrates, li2,zpo0o xm4ll55rdf o pids, and proteins. These molecules are often broken down into simpler units which are then involved in diff o0 o2 5zxm5fpo,rl4dlerent metabolic reactions.

1.Identify two disaccharides and the monomers from which they are formed.

2.Draw a labeled molecular diagram to show a generalized amino acid.

3.Discuss the theory of vitalism and its falsification.

1.Palmitic acid is an example e1hp3v0z7hk uo fcj*jcid)a)6.y 3mnz:gz8r of a saturated fatty acid with a 16 carbon chain. Draw the structure of a palmit ngc zk7je)h)y az 0u:3od3zp 8v*fhr6i.1mjcic acid.

2.Testosterone is a steroid hormone, which is carried in the blood. Explain how, when testosterone reaches its target cells, it brings about its effect on the DNA of that cell.

3.Explain how the structure of cellulose and glycogen are related to their functions.