Which reaction converts monosaccharides into disaccharid-g.r efwt /g*hes?

  1.State the reaction that forms disaccharides from monosah0w2kytmts 9,5 bgt 6eccharides.
   OR dehydration synthesis

2.Draw the products of the reaction between the two monosaccharides shown in the diagram below.

  What is the substratelp0i(;/)e gkam8 eer x for the enzyme lactase?

  Biomolecules have diverseysv/d 0f 7vf*oshjw5, forms and structures. Which of the following statements /d*vvfo,0sj75sfyhwis false?

  A disaccharide is formed by a condensation reaction between a glucosqb4t6 : (auf-kvzbcs;3p;bz d e molecule and a fruc;qvcz -63k 4d:bbuz bf as;tp(tose molecule. Which molecule fits this description?

  What bond is formed between two glucose moyua 2, ::;fwq3 rxcwqflecules to form maltose?

  What is the product of thi1 vgriovg hd: n 6x6o3*,krz-mn;jb.rs reaction?

  Which of the following is a steroih 0g6kze(4 megy;.spfd?

  Which row in the table below correctly identifies the the cu)d+g:c;qe3rvcn v ;q x 6ok.wonstituents of the nameg; + cqur)q :n3dkeow xv.6vc;d macromolecules?

  The diagram below shows the structure of ay;ixj: kwyq*2,f;qpu t .g (7byd 4yq2 different monomers.



1.State the name of the following:

1.1.structure A:α-  
1.2.structure B:  

2.State the name of a polymer which contains the following molecules:

2.1.structure A:starch OR glycogen OR amylose OR amylopectin
2.2.structure B:ribonucleic acid OR   

1.Distinguish between the formation and breakin6 qtqde1-q,z sg down of a polymer.

2.Compare and contrast carbohydrates, lipids and proteins.

  Which statement(s) about starcqww8pj-xn 1:y h and glycogen is/are correct?
I. Starch and glycogen are branched molecules.
II. Starch is made up β− glucose molecules but glycogen is made up of α− glucose molecules.
III. Starch and glycogen are energy storing polysaccharides.

  Which of the following is only able to trigger a response in a cell by bindixr//8 drh 9wbgng to a receptor in the pl w /h8g/r9xrbdasma membrane?

The micrograph shows a c)(4a hrhxf/. zy15pbitis +q part of a plant cell from the leaf of Anemone sp.


1.Label structures in the plant cell above:

1.1.using the letter R where starch can be found;
1.2.using the letter S where lipids can be found;
1.3.using the letter T where cellulose can be found.

2.Compare and contrast between the structure and functions of glycogen and starch.

  Which molecule diagram is correcxer-roi)4o u *tly matched to the name?

  Eating a healthy, balanced diet is important in order to main -bt d8s,fo:1 )g yz;e/hgnaqktain overall health and a strong immune system. A healthy diet means eating a wide varie:nh -y)zg1;/tksb8 gq , edafoty of food whilst limiting the consumption of foods which are considered to be less healthy, such as those high in saturated fats.

In an investigation into the effects of diet on low-density lipoprotein levels (LDL) in the blood, scientists provided two groups of mice with varied diets. Each group was given 5g of food per day, containing a mixture of a standard food mix and either avocado or cheese. The ratios of the food were changed each day and blood LDL levels were recorded. The diets and results are shown in the tables and graph.



1.1.Describe the impact on blood LDL levels when feeding mice diets supplemented with avocado or cheese.

1.2.Explain the differences between results from both groups.

1.3.Suggest a reason for the trend shown in LDL levels in group one.

2.State which group is most at risk of heart disease and stroke. Give a reason for your answer.

3.1.Suggest one advantage of using mice in this experiment instead of humans.

3.2.State one variable, not mentioned in the question, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve valid results.

4.For mice fed with cheese, calculate how many times greater the LDL levels were on day 5 compared to day 2.
Day 2 =  

  Which molecules form a triglyc3 za +xzgkkx e+ve0-.teride?

Distinguish between the structure of cellulose, star. x o vyla-;pj+duv h;7)rpm2rch and glycogen.

  Which molecule is shown in the diagram below? *)u)oit7r+bpyuc i dca* 9-+u *wuymg

  Which monosaccharides are matched 0sdk 4ufix.d -to incorrect disaccharides?

  Which of the following is the correct composition of the named polysacge5rjaf 1 x5 c5-yjb4.mgy4 ancharide?

  Which of the following statements describes alpha-Linolenate, as depicrdf68w)i 6oj gn) lhx0ix6x*ej-m/ t jted in the diagram beln6 l x6irogi6xj j hf0x-ej/)8*w)tm dow?

Molecules used in metabolism can be classified as carbohydrates, lietwecoh22 b/s5uak7c (w hv:-pids, and proteins. These molecules are often broken down into simpler units which are then involved in different metaboc2uoe( theh:awscvbw k27/- 5lic reactions.

1.Identify two disaccharides and the monomers from which they are formed.

2.Draw a labeled molecular diagram to show a generalized amino acid.

3.Discuss the theory of vitalism and its falsification.

1.Palmitic acid is an example of a saturated sipl6 xc vr+:x 5lh/v+*-yer tfatty acid with a 16 carbon chain. Draw t isxxv e5-l* y:h+6vtcrpr+/lhe structure of a palmitic acid.

2.Testosterone is a steroid hormone, which is carried in the blood. Explain how, when testosterone reaches its target cells, it brings about its effect on the DNA of that cell.

3.Explain how the structure of cellulose and glycogen are related to their functions.