Which reaction converts monosaccharides into disaccwl ,l5o 5za3liharides?

  1.State the reactiont+inbcg) snrw* v(lw9ee 037o that forms disaccharides from monosaccharides.
   OR dehydration synthesis

2.Draw the products of the reaction between the two monosaccharides shown in the diagram below.

  What is the substrate for the en5y xstqdk.o-muk w3 *8zyme lactase?

  Biomolecules have diverse forms and structures. Which of the follownm4+2bfq bvyr;*umvc *f 6 jfyj+u03ging statements is fafy3+n46 fu+*bg0 mjb2uq; mv* rvjyfclse?

  A disaccharide is formed by a condensation reaction between a gw0 m7,cg hp.hzlucose molecule and a fructose molecule ,wpcgmz7h. 0h. Which molecule fits this description?

  What bond is formed between two gluco7v8qjlr9q3l h se molecules to form maltose?

  What is the product of this reactiodq i6str 0er0 ()4xrrjn?

  Which of the followih n9au-y9l/.s/q0xzyu gong 0ax)o6eng is a steroid?

  Which row in the table below correpg .l8 mh4wi:wt e0fh9tjooahp ) 4.g,ctly identifies the the constituents of the named macromwp0 ih.,gpfj :8g4 l)ea.omwt4 9tohholecules?

  The diagram below shows the structure of 2 different monomeo/ + ghoguu44i65em6e zmyg2 brs.



1.State the name of the following:

1.1.structure A:α-  
1.2.structure B:  

2.State the name of a polymer which contains the following molecules:

2.1.structure A:starch OR glycogen OR amylose OR amylopectin
2.2.structure B:ribonucleic acid OR   

1.Distinguish between the forma q;ba/uwc*s+z v24 cia.ak el7tion and breaking down of a polymer.

2.Compare and contrast carbohydrates, lipids and proteins.

  Which statement(s) about starch and glycogen is/cx6d9lb h1aiei0;7s g6u yj9uare correct?
I. Starch and glycogen are branched molecules.
II. Starch is made up β− glucose molecules but glycogen is made up of α− glucose molecules.
III. Starch and glycogen are energy storing polysaccharides.

  Which of the following is onlyjsj) 1d:h2e*zn-fa( fl4p hrw able to trigger a response in a cell by binding to a receptor in the plasma membd)l: f(r1he*4s -jz2aph wjfnrane?

The micrograph shows a part of a plant cell from the b6sa wa1y30p vleaf of Anemone sp.


1.Label structures in the plant cell above:

1.1.using the letter R where starch can be found;
1.2.using the letter S where lipids can be found;
1.3.using the letter T where cellulose can be found.

2.Compare and contrast between the structure and functions of glycogen and starch.

  Which molecule diagram is correctly matched t2 t5y gq6e1 i 3dd*u7lht,szt f :wydelh925aoo the name?

  Eating a healthy, balanced diet is important in order to maintain overa5 j,zd u7e8du+ rxe;lrll health and a strong immune system. A healthy diet means eating a wide variety of food whilst limiting the consumption of foods which are considered to be less hea elexr+d5u z,rdu 87;jlthy, such as those high in saturated fats.

In an investigation into the effects of diet on low-density lipoprotein levels (LDL) in the blood, scientists provided two groups of mice with varied diets. Each group was given 5g of food per day, containing a mixture of a standard food mix and either avocado or cheese. The ratios of the food were changed each day and blood LDL levels were recorded. The diets and results are shown in the tables and graph.



1.1.Describe the impact on blood LDL levels when feeding mice diets supplemented with avocado or cheese.

1.2.Explain the differences between results from both groups.

1.3.Suggest a reason for the trend shown in LDL levels in group one.

2.State which group is most at risk of heart disease and stroke. Give a reason for your answer.

3.1.Suggest one advantage of using mice in this experiment instead of humans.

3.2.State one variable, not mentioned in the question, which would need to be controlled in this experiment in order to achieve valid results.

4.For mice fed with cheese, calculate how many times greater the LDL levels were on day 5 compared to day 2.
Day 2 =  

  Which molecules form av *55mfp0 wqu,h-h7te8iw iwh triglyceride?

Distinguish between the structure of celluloih/yr qu0sf* 1yef6 k-se, starch and glycogen.

  Which molecule is shown in the diagdpq7 98klk jcg7x :cm1ram below?

  Which monosaccharides are matcley/kc+fe b1w g8a;q 7sfm1k,*v kl.g hed to incorrect disaccharides?

  Which of the following is the correct compo l(nho6l v66 o2 3of0x4eazmrfsition of the named polysaccharide?

  Which of the following statemenhe 43 ge2cd;xyts describes alpha-Linolenate, as depicted in the dia3egc xhe;42yd gram below?

Molecules used in metabolism can be classified ahj;9lpyv :xbt 98bbz xc;ik +4w *zhk4s carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. These molecules are often broken down into s vykxb zctbbl4 ix :;9p h*4kzw8j;h+9impler units which are then involved in different metabolic reactions.

1.Identify two disaccharides and the monomers from which they are formed.

2.Draw a labeled molecular diagram to show a generalized amino acid.

3.Discuss the theory of vitalism and its falsification.

1.Palmitic acid is an e 9)ejx ex ro0fx b0dhwz 2 x6f9vvgp)-z*-wtv:xample of a saturated fatty acid with a 16 carbon chain. Draw the structure of a p009v ebwxx)f- 6ph:9 rz2d-tjegxwxf )v* z ovalmitic acid.

2.Testosterone is a steroid hormone, which is carried in the blood. Explain how, when testosterone reaches its target cells, it brings about its effect on the DNA of that cell.

3.Explain how the structure of cellulose and glycogen are related to their functions.