Which of the following does not cause coronary heart disea j)fef tgo)f80se?

  Which component of blood ish v6uc(gfm4r52snc ;s mainly composed of water and transports water-soluble substances to different part 2g5v4mcn scs;r6 (fuhs of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a featuj5s5hziv2u py )e zz11re of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table td7 ko2h/kzjp 2s g9m:is correct for sugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of blood in (b k(h7t(63uco stfzh a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of floz1r if or*xy76wering plant which is often used as a model for the study17fx r6zoi r*y of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for the sz jk:e0qw p:-ytructure and function of different bloo0zy:wke- :jqpd vessels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse section throuwu1fah:bb y; 4wij,+pe wampua8 7 hfb8y*28dgh a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling the frequency at whii oetj,z5d9p./nj( n nch it beaz n.oitp/ ennd 5j,9(jts?

  The diagram below shows a potometer w:qklw ,jxu5 wsnm)vf fbx* m a43o*g73hich is used to measure water uptake in plantsv:msnfkm a33 45 l, *uwwqjfog7)x bx*.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following sto ucut+2n)ns*atement(s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood flow9iazsy n7 (ts)hn pai7.95sbe into and out of the heart?ye 79i zp.7)i9 nssaht as5nb(

  The diagram below shows the struct mkzq j,,lz0;mure of the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is bloo 5-id 7omvdxik 3ge--wd pumped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carrir q;rw0e uaza(-/,lcfes oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive propyky fv9,eol);1, vx7rqsxz( u erties of water allow xylem vessels to transport watex1fveuy y()oz;sv,x79 l,k qr r inside plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pa d2 v.ppbt;/wdss through during phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusion on blood prexe*g 6/t yatg.ssure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an elee./g x 6ytgta*ctric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory system of a f2bir ra9mla pw/5ct1- ish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the bet lfk;,fj0+iiv: 7o+ p5rg1csro1wstructure of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograph of a cre vwc: +qw(, d,ag1 dlgjle0r;oss-section of a stem of the monocot Zead 0wdve,g+ 1lj;lwqa:c(,r eg mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below sho5nir 7znzce1qf.4f4 s:,)nit euqof: ws the structure of the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron mi 932 g4tny auz75na8trwways/crograph of the stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water - +jin, o 5llj6xq10eafeiu g3in leaves have on other parts of a plant?l1 q ,enj3l 0+iag 6iu-jfxeo5

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and semilunm8eclzpeq5+ym5 , 2 qvar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the left ventricle is the greatem+qep,m l82evc 5q5zyst?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded into the sieve tube unaided, bkgr .q0661gh u0n vrhlefore being transpkgh 01 0gn.r u66vrlqhorted around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vesselz b;aly3:l 4bnabf)o 0s in a developing shoot taken at 400× magnification.4;3lb nba zfao:yb )0l

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that cause7v7* :wt.5y:zae u*qjlukqc es the pressure inside xylem vessels to be lower: 5qk:w*t*vy7eu l.qu jc7 zae than atmospheric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in q(7c./ib, 4vyn tufpkthe soil absorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and cons3dy 6vj58g vvxequences associated with plaque buildup in the coronary arg5yv x3 dj68vvteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highest l+n 4uhuw ;jpyx2k/waoe c-;d5 ignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which k*s yj)sn;,vx; cpc n-used radioactively labelled carbov ,scnks;xj) -;p ncy*n dioxide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem and the root of4pnavl71vm+ b a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration and hydrostatic pres; nc2 fo6m8q-y;-gk mqn aeku7l. 9si:judaz7 sure within the sieve tubes near the leaves anyc e.:q 6mi-7n a; q2;9m8jz7nakfu-g ukolsdd roots?

  The image below repre0o;js m ab e +1je.oa;3f+jofosents the changes in pressure in the left atrium, left ventricle and th ;jf0 +s o3+ba;a.1ooe femjjoe aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correcbya 4j6x 4yqqcu ;n-i+tly identifies features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid w10j.ej kdw b5bixz h;6ith its stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids have been used to study transport in plan1b bex wj;z.dkh5j 6i0ts.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.