Which of the following dqi03a0 l2pclr*3o .1cmhelt aoes not cause coronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water and twm,z v:8tzfm tb3)l m(sp*a2 pransports water-soluble substances to diffet bmmmfp()ta *3v8pl2 zs,zw:rent parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a feature of phloer;uzosd p65*j)a5.h0 pl umumm?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar transport in phloetvw1; iiw 9pufn2, hva ;zt)7mm?

  What helps prevent the rsb)e ;nm0l zaef*9*nbackflow of blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowerlx+:(hz* 2k lt02ffaxnyak 0ging plant which is often used as a model for the study of seed0 0h(fx*kg:+af llaztkx2ny 2 anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not cjq6:0lly flnqgp6 1 f,orrect for the structure and function of differentpf1q0j:nf6l6l y g,l q blood vessels?

  The micrograph shows a yo hfrlu++btb-h7t;6 transverse section through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in coltt6+v fmss a; gat;;5ntrolling the frequency at which it beats6sst f+ ;;a;mtat5vlg ?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to measure wat(yy .d gf.jzq)m8xgbl vynx w44j-c 7)er uptake in plafgv8-)yng(z dcw .xy 7j)m44qyb lx j.nts.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the followingl9ye liew+9wi-g+kj;r .l-p- ok f0w v statement(s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood flow into and gr 670wm7/; nbvysz+ .aop olfout of the heaflwmo.npb;ray/7s 6 v0ogz7 +rt?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the 7cxx8mxz11 rx human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped into thew20 qjcgkgkk(pr/6ef z1 a(;e pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blooj-6gky6h yen4n33: tf-gwj.k u pink;d from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of a *cd,m6 ag8pmwater allow xylem vessels to transport water ,apgd 68 cma*minside plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose -cyo 9iume5o 0b a (ft90r0oyjpass through during phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusion ol fp5).qp3w6;kycsc m:- 8ufj4zeyxi n blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic ku5fylqwzxj )sm8 4p:p.yf6 cei-;3ctube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the cr+h (ecn3bj vct6ylsiy3t+b c3:;yl7irculatory system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structure of k7)mqlik-a4i a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograph of a cross-section of a sl 8:pd/7z6/qf(sp8mrvr mjh ks4 2,,p muonlu tem of the monocot Zea mays.vp( of/6,m n8:m ksrhzl8u,pud/smp r7q24 j l

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure o4q.e agmt (v,i i03lrzf the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an eled8v okn8n2s(g 2zovh 9ctron micrograph of the stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves have on 7ydp+z xyty ks1. 3hf n7crjtp878n 1q+1l tmcother parts of a plant?t1pfnt87dl8hq zc1j+t73 xyyn 1 y .cp7rks+m

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and semilunar valves at the point1e5 *oulfe,se bkn.*f in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the left ventric. ** ,lsnu1fbeok5ee fle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded into the sieve tube unaide 2hlba.nn:uef u:p91fd, before b elun.:bfan 2ph 19f:ueing transported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a developing shoot taken at zh 79wwi*5 v/l dehnlw-9sl3c400×79n hshi vl w-3lcw95 l*w/zed magnification.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that u28*ln hpjrhh+a)3ln * vgua,1( zzke causes the pressure inside xylem vessels to be lower than atm nhgv 38 u nljha*+r1ulzz e2*,kh(p)aospheric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil absorbed by8.p)vkcc(p0u; ra od1-n gayp roots?

1.Outline the risk facti-r5u:fk8 ,k 8x pyhp yrus12yors and consequences associated with plaque buildup in thhypxr5 2 f -u1:kspuy8y8,kr ie coronary arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have th zk5 08yy d9j9gd6zojwxdo;t1e highest lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experi5v5aamz0 c+ goment which used radioactively labelled caro+a zg5 va0c5mbon dioxide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem and the l (/xsc .t )2.y6dg(lsmdi y .sc8ktcfroot of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration and hydrost9m:n .kgvrw2wutyy3 7atic pressure within the sieve tu7:g. uw9wknr 2yy v3mtbes near the leaves and roots?

  The image below represents the changes i49c 86jv9meeiw 2euj1mnv-w mn pressure in the left atrium, left ventricle and thejeem mnmvj98uw6c- 4 921iewv aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctlys b)qjef gcx:j cxd 5u,4ux;bu.;zb+6 identifies features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted into ab yig iby*l1ci53t, a* plant. Aphids have been used to study transpor3i, * ii cbb5yag*tly1t in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.