Which of the following does not cause*hcluc -w9z:c1q y9ye coronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water and transports water-sbx ch0 6t/b,xls24gr eoluble substances to different parc/e srb glhxt b06x42,ts of the body?

  Which of the following is/arejg ,rjd wc uuid a*/(79.d;ktmdf59gc a feature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table + nzns7+vg5pkis correct for sugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the .jdgbzvjhd.1o kfie;( vc: ;fco*7q( backflow of blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of fm6c(x1w) .x pc /dij )kn a;xwzhu.xc:n0r*uflowering plant which is often used as a model for the study of seed anatomy./1n)njahc ux.x.6f; cm*z)0i(rukxx:d p cw w


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correctyyicsw6s4 2bx ,evx 1;.nrb)hlfb5: d for the structure and function of differ);nb6fxs1:vx ybw ,54 ib dly.ehrs2cent blood vessels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse section1j1sse6up ; kt through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling the frofda 6aab 9.0 m(u*ouxequency at which it bea9a mobo0.6afaud x (u*ts?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to measure water uptajbj+ mzrgw.p56it2 h8ke in plants+ hwgjb6jz.2rpm ti8 5.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following 0rgv a7mu-((gp.e nwukhv8 4 rstatement(s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood flow into and out ouj zx;y1*bq1( t/ecynf the hearcjby1 / nxzetqu *1y(;t?

  The diagram below shoz/7v y ez;;bbqws the structure of the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is */8cvcp +gstr blood pumped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated wxtv27 lqi5sock :2 o3blood from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properti qboo v sg+y5uv ;i)x7 7.(u+stply8uses of water allow xylem vessels to transport water qu 5;svi ox. 7vt)u(sy+lgs pob8uy7 +inside plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucro/ otm*xb5o be+se pass through during phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusion1b6 /;lp wyof9;iho rv on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A ri;/;p ofb w9hlyro1 vi6gid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents theko+y-/tv 6ifv9mr njy +9w+fj circulatory system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structwfzvt1*1 9 u,0cicdg qure of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograw)d+mkss- k: bv/e fi*ph of a cross-section of a stem m/v fe+dw:ss)bki*k- of the monocot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the human heart. 5g+- e, too1na4ou6tw2*lhkm8ztvyu+ 4 esuh


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem of the monocot sq-7o +j8 k 24yxfwoceZea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water 7 z6bd.fdc1an46-o 6( dtmrkin4 kxpjin leaves have on other parts of a plant?pkd4 6.f1 c 6jdxt6inznb (k4amr7do-

  What is the position of the atrioventricul8qoeizdo( :z wtw)rv 3 8qci/8ar and semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in tw( )z tooc8 vwi8iqe/83rzdq: he left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded into the sieve tube unaided, mvj glc3nxtm 8oh2(6 /befo ( x 3tgo/2m8hlmjn6cvre being transported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a develo;:*ff1cjqbw .w ci3 coping shoot taken at 400× magnificati j3ifqw1:fccwb. o*;con.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes thehh .a8z6vi) za pressure inside xylem vessels to be lower than atmospheric pressui6 vazh8.zh )are?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil absorbed bym c6/oz6yxv +,syo6s p roots?

1.Outline the risk fact,bx qkk/rzq+. ors and consequences associated with plaque buildup in the +k,b zkxrq/. qcoronary arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highj0,jfx 6(nurdw /b+d tc4tnb 6est lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which used radioactivel)s0;imqo(b p)h 8,cp ecg6sury labelled carbhospc0uc,grsb)i ;(pq6)8e m on dioxide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem and the rk :g7.ay-gjgg5mf0w d-mava - oot of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute conce2( g i.neo;rtmsln) (mntration and hydrostatic pressure within the ntrni em;)s2l(m. go(sieve tubes near the leaves and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressure /eew9a28 dn yein the left atrium, left ventricln/y2e9 ee wad8e and the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies features ofak ccqd 3xoctz108*pq mph; )vw2nq 62 sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids ha a0f3uto oe).vve been used to study transpo fo.uvoa 3e0)trt in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.