Which of the following does not cause corxfle h0x7a w*1onary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water dl3649h j slcyyls.md4 e4na6and transports water-soluble substances to different parts o6h3m.n4sy4 96j s4llly cae ddf the body?

  Which of the following is/are bk/ws,nx, e8hgr*0cw c59sazro 7x1ua feature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct,jsvmhw )+v2fp r8-gj for sugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of blooduz f: lje3m(b5 vscc)v*.u i,f in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, oqqc(0e+m+id )ffn i. jobx5:is a species of flowering plant which is often used as a model for the study of seedm oji5q c .(b+dq+ofe0f)x:in anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for the structure and function of dq: 56 fp63. cm+q,lsvwekywt miffe6w q fm6m5wyle.spq3kt +:v ,crent blood vessels?

  The micrograph shows a4qh j+,-kh,5xc z40 ygdhf+y vqvy*q e transverse section through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in( wm+aanqh-4p 9ss8py controlling the frequency at which it beat(awspa9 -+h p48q nymss?

  The diagram below shows a potomy wt5-5q48uefehx3o n eter which is used to measure water uptake in plants. efy nqhuow-e58x4t53

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s) is/are truez3t3jca9my u :tryn 6,?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direct68ichu(f-qwi8ibv;b97sp w hdxb7 5 2cc xvb :ion of blood flow into and out of the heaqi8vh;h( p xi2cfc7w bx57bsv6bbduc-9w:8irt?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the human he tvv:ja0s w85d (mmkf. lj(7tlart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pum- q*aeth h9.5clxhthq92:is jq( 9eowped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to thez5f nv(o8jrmi9z7lmflh 3-f , heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properti w ;,mgy/c,bjbgh q3s,d5i3un es of water allow xylem vessels to transport water inside pl, qm3gbgc b,j i5nuw 3d,hs/;yants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass throzkk xyp;dn5t0 *otz6 sg f(70yugh during phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of arterx occ*-5g15w-ckw+qzm yrz )sy occlusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple -*z+m5w cowqrxy)k1 z5g-c scexperiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below reyg)n p p tw*0d5-sx6hvpresents the circulatory system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structure jibu3 f 1q+dswpx13g- of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an elect3;:d w h8xmsnriz-p1y ron micrograph of a cross-section of a stem of the monocot Zea mays.d-;x138hyiwrn: zmsp

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below showsivb 0b +y;tt4e the structure of the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is ad-bgb0mq(;ks n duna2j s:8u. n electron micrograph of the stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation/h.h1ey 6oyw r0na(wkzn,( dh of water in leaves have on other parts of a planhywh/n 1akrn6(w0o(h,d e. yz t?

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and semilunar valva wmr/+24he kzs8j -rles at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pres -h4erk+az rsj/w2m8lsure in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passive,tkme/ x d+whb oi;: 7zizxou*-;fh ,yly loaded into the sieve tube unaided, before being tr/zk; oywb7mtfz ,u+*- :idx;hx, oheiansported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels s:+kd grixlp b5lf )ysg1kfhk-nl/r1 6qk:0+ in a developing shoot taken at 400× m1dhkn+llk:r/0s x1pg5qbrk -6i :f+fl)sg kyagnification.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor tha tbnyn 8ptj:2+5y jl6;rio(jat causes the pressure inside xylem vessels to be lower iln5br6j8 ;ty+yj(a2njpo t: than atmospheric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil absorbed un saka-d q6bn,x-))z by roots?

1.Outline the risk fac h; vek46xfmpy:njay4w;19m c4 a/tpators and consequences associated with plaque buildup in the coronary ary/xaa c4 64jnv1;thwy;e pmpa km 94:fteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highest lignin contec .e(gecq edr8q t,x11nt?

  The graph shows the results of 8fbkl1ve5zr 3p,s cm* an experiment which used radioactively labelled carbon diofkb81 p3* ,z lscrvem5xide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast ymqov5tjr h7e0 (ti 12the phloem found in the stem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration 8 :cbrme861e 8a twz-hf.sspa and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes nea fepstbazahcs:8r.81e8m6- w r the leaves and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in j8v/e 8c g2evsjx1o(x pressure in the left atrium, left ventricle and the aorj s8/vovx2cxee81j(g ta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies features my,+qruaq hh n a ;*-6gx4d6dnof sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids have beep:pe 7 ws4p/mhn used to study transport in plaphm4esw/ :7ppnts.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.