Which of the following does not cause coronary hear.; nmf (d5dhhl3rwbu0u.ett* t disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of *kc t9,vryeoe.l,b7znga6r6pi* h /lwater and transports water-soluble substan6 k9elybv,la,e/ i z*r hpocg67t.r*nces to different parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a feature of phlxsg +0/mbejax2: zz sd*h8uk *oem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar trb79muull*a * ylr;tu(ansport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of blood in aw(cs; qc.glq 2-sqknn5u .+o q vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering plant which i 9or8 lbfcsbr:8 y5k8bs often used as a model for the study o y8cbksfl85orb8: b 9rf seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table +*kyrh61vypo m4 pt;ybelow is not correct for the structure and function of different blood vest6my4yrpvp ;o+1y*hk sels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse section t )wskdb)b gl)3hrough a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in p -lz.97o(c 0eqaqzjxcontrolling the frequency at which it beae zl9qzxjq a7.(- p0octs?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to measure water uptake in tpu7s fax9 s:g0vnl/3 plantssv u/ f:lspt073xg 9na.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement ygab.p3y -7*+9vlpt8 -bxjyexp *djr(s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows gp,ky / bu* j).c6mekbthe direction of blood flow into and out of the heart?)j*ec6p uky gb mb/k,.

  The diagram below shows the structure of the human he 4 hm2.nnj5mqqhh2x:u8 *g wxvart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped into thb3 na0)-zun sve pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the tm267 xxzkamu2c.cb,1hii y0hq 5+sn heart?

  The cohesive and adhsiwxpwg * f. mg:a9;t)esive properties of water allow xylem vessels to transport water inside plaf.w)a p;g:9mwsig*t x nts.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through during 0a2d38 ew 8y-xb1og cul1sdxiphloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the el+nkb x4q8kq 9ffects of artery occlusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was dx+8qq kb4nl9krilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represen xw ae- /ij-w.izyx7*h0 6 o::blkgqcvts the circulatory system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structu,y +yt9*0yh5oa vpt qxsu q3t+le/5jnre of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below pv5da,*vwe. z7hj+f9;* f s./cllzqsyat s u- is an electron micrograph of a cross-section of a stem of the moev;.p/z *+y q-.s , cd57lwf*f jhv9atzs lausnocot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the humanoct0 8k( 7-ih c1yohin heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem of the monx-w(eyp l0l m)iit*k 2ocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leave + -b,do y6lzeum odj.,-c9iios have on other parts of a plant?6 dzouj-m,9lcyi+ -eoi., o db

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and semilunar vaizezmo 8b -i ckd2/24klves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the left ventricle is the greatest?82zdk/4 e-oimk i2 zcb

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded into the sieve tube unai(u1zfw2 1ei crded, before being transpor 2cw1ui1(r efzted around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a developing shb +xa)cu 64lttoot taken at 400× magnification.lxt 6ba4u)+ ct

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the t. u jgg50db(1e0xk do)vlbm cj-+5wy pressure inside xylem vessels to be lower than atmospheric pressu1xj +dyk5(tj0 gl eg)b-5d mcwob0.vure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soi*ygo *nhae fi7xd) 2r6l absorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associated with plaqk3nh ) qby5q;nsj6a(aue buildup in the coronary arnsb(kq)6 53nhya; jqateries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the higwb)ri+ 40mhq h 9cbqm,a+u a7fhest lignin content?

  The graph shows the resv18s:strspy/ ults of an experiment which used radioactively labelled carbon dioxide (yss1/v8pst: r14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem and the root of a planqh(i(,lbd :o:al hbf 7t.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentw 6cdnnq5 uc53ration and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes near the leaves and roots? c5 3n 56nwcqud

  The image below represents thy0 7 *mzcq4 63alrqzp pc3i8wee changes in pressure in the left atrium, left ventricle and the aortz*q7q8c0 rzwm 3a 6ecpily43p a.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the tabl)v;ydjyii:jyj s e/tuy:0 f*vrw:r;kai y2; )e correctly identifies features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid 5y;h5 oinb1ri(plwamj.:7roy3 k4 niwith its stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids have beealo:rwinhr 5j5 k( 3 pym1b7iyn.i o4;n used to study transport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.