Which of the followi)4qxqzmqkr )us10zo mg7h.jh*whj8 ; ng does not cause coronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood i35dkz:k- eii2p pcr3s4wi8ag s mainly composed of water and transports water-soluble substances to different parts of3-s kg4ir z 8e idk5iwa:c23pp the body?

  Which of the followingt sjqa5d32i .g is/are a feature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the tablf48 moz.l h3a lzp2g k.zb ;8wp35nowie is correct for sugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of bl7ob a16 itzhp8ood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of floi;9h jnlcbfh0ja + n0)1.th xxwering plant which is often used as a model for the study of seed anatomynb0lxxf ha1j)9n cthi+. h;j0 .


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below iswezu;a 9lu 0u5dp6go /l d8ib* not correct for the structure and function of different b9 8pl uuo0gdd zwa/be65;*u lilood vessels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse sectvv0 *dvg y-5gtion through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in comp9b x) -:xkxontrolling the frequency at which it beats?mx)- ok9xbxp :

  The diagram below shows a potometer wh5m ni)**v bkwoich is used to measure water uptake in plant)wmi* 5kv o*nbs.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following stat. zfct:or+03-p wo cexement(s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood flow into aqt)f f)sol0 ;)1esn(rrqa6 1zguot e2nd out of the hea e eq)o1s;2)0ngl) 6a tzuos(rrf1qtfrt?

  The diagram below shows the structnzp9 o1s( vusdh f29z*ure of the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped into the pulmowh c 4ejr6a:ut(yoqga9g).g +nary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood from thep6 e0 a;/ueyqag0n8,f gw wg2p lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of w2t wjmft 1c6s*fg)0nt ater allow xylem vessels to transport water inw10tsmtg)fj *6 2 fnctside plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through during phloem lofv*j- 5m*gnzl iw36 z ;qyi8enading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusion on blood pressure, stuutsr eo wug pb)1:g:y j:.(s*mdents set up a simple experimej:og(g ew s) *bstu.p:u y:1rmnt. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatoryu gt02ng w-q q.s u5cxg4q4z.l system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structure of a hearv0ujg 5 xaw*wi j:6:uyt.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an e3-t)uh qxhx2ue/ w2eg rc4pb1lectron micrograph of a cross-section of a stem of4r b3t1eg/ )hqc x2pe2huwux- the monocot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of th 0tn.pagj u+n)e human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem of the monocot Zea Mays. ftej4e v zl51v6 ybr0r(1 fwg7

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves have on o bs02g5:/uwlh 9d qehyther parts of a plant?hugwe:q05sbd y9 h 2l/

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and semilunar val3rl. bu1fx1-4ivrxruves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the left ventriclbv 31xfri-. uxr4r lu1e is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded into the fzvj)j5 d79ak.n8ivn 9i 9df esieve tube unaided, before beinniavji7f9fkv n5e dz89 )j9d.g transported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vesse/zj 1 cvg6w,nhz+4reu ls in a developing shoot taken at 400× magnific/cjvzeg hn+u4zrw6,1 ation.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure insidjg.rgsj,-/.gs xvn6 ee xylem vessels to be lower than atmospheric pressu,6g jg. njvssgrx.e -/re?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil absorbed by r-)u33 gb ko u6eqbzrn9a,lg (roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequencecq ,x.(is5sho(0t( rlxmra )pdh)(bh s associated with plaque buildup in the hl0)oxcr. stbp( ,rs(iax (5hdqh)m( coronary arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following isg45cg8i5rb zs likely to have the highest lignin content?

  The graph shows the resultslf7xjzf) 3o/d of an experiment which used radioactively labelled carbon3 l/f )dozx7fj dioxide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloe9; r8ynchoj- nro 9.yqm found in the stem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represent jrjb5tsm2v dav2+9 ,ts the solute concentration and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes nmatsjt9vd 2+bjrv2, 5 ear the leaves and roots?

  The image below represents d7u5uwkufw0c/ ;z5 edthe changes in pressure in the left atrium, left ventricle a;d7ukw /z5 u0d5wfc uend the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the tablv0ztm1p :xi*5o9 kq bq2 o*;ddzfgsp-e correctly identifies features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inseral. els/s)7b4lre p p7ted into a plant. Aphids have been used to study transport in planra/ )7p7.s ebl4el lspts.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.