Which of the following do 5xyen0 ,k)xvtes not cause coronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is h 0wiagp0y xz.(nv5y 2mainly composed of water and transports water-soluble substances to different parts oa ixg.(h0nywpvy2 z5 0f the body?

  Which of the following is/are a feature of phloz 8v t8zn8llv1em?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for ) fuwhlp6y+ qx/:wm5v sugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backfzb5w8d*3 ovir low of blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering plant which is often ped; jcy:j(jqh5d /5rused as a model for the study of seed anato:qjp;j(5dredy/5 jh cmy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not cotfze+5 z e;l*m3:s3wet 6qe ntrrect for the structure and function of different blood vessels?e3te flqet 6sm3:wztne+ z5 *;

  The micrograph shows a transverse1u g.xk7ga8t l6t chu/ section through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involvedo o(t(a 0j q:fry:kc2m in controlling the frequency at which it beatomr2( (jf:0a yock:qt s?

  The diagram below shows a potometghv4pidpio(2 . vw jtx(rwkp40k . 0:her which is used to measure water uptake in plants.:0 p.x (jkp4.t dri(vv2w0w hohkpig4

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the followin/f *y/ye o gsdvzlb:k1ou sf*9*e/d ,bg statement(s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood flow into an89gq u ep3ff/nd out of the hearg3ne f9f/q8up t?

  The diagram below shows the strl c7h0p c*vd g.xn,b+hucture of the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of ttb *vta-h7 )bbhe heart is blood pumped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood utt xd:/:-ft-vlrzl, from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive propertierup 1fjb,3+9mwy 9naas of water allow xylem vessels to transport waterma naf9 ryu9+p31jb,w inside plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through during phloem loading0o3r4)niy-ay u cvzp4?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusion on blo1b,)pes4s)aakty:z y0km l-l -rylf )i n q:5pod pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the elec il:ne)f b q45ys a-1)p-)lsrz aytk,l:ympk 0tric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circu(6lf9 dz; 7/s+ pync2 nddot,uuyjv .llatory system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the ;-y,2n1.cy.9if gl t nvvdy7g)ish1z: sgs nvstructure of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograph of a cross-s 1:yhb 2t.d 3 zhyl7(nb8lkvajection of a stem of the monocot Zea mays. h :bl k3 (tzyly.2a 7jd81nhbv

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below showdass :*j2h( los the structure of the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron microjy u74i)gy3cu re l36agraph of the stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves have on other parts of a po vh)jpf00l8klan o0jvl 8)hkpf0t?

  What is the position of the atriovenni5rk y2,in 0p2hnx9 hevnm71 tricular and semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in t v5nrn kni1hnyx72,h2p9i0e mhe left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded into the sieve tube unaided, 8hvlqdmw0x*rh t2jx+*tb0 3f before being transported around the planfjbv*tm*r lwtd 0h 283q+ xh0xt.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a developing shoot taken aq kqd8:,tr:h yt 400× magnification t8y:rqh:kqd ,.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside xylem vessels too8qkdmph)l1 c vd8j 93r0u-cf be lower than 3hdq-8 p fd9cmjc 0u1vo8k)lratmospheric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in t-ptejrwf- -w.ta,7 +3/55xy osm ubmple4lcs he soil absorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences 1o hcktog:, 9- crbqu;associated with plaque buildup in the coronary arteries. ch ,1ot9g cb:kuqr- ;o

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is lik4ndizx zr p,/:bsk(g+ge/h7 bely to have the highest lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which us0 2tywxzs -hs2d roeau v2e9:)ed radioactively labelled carbone0) 92x h:uadvstrw2-syzoe2 dioxide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem and the 8p7ppf6j t7b proot of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute +f0u ps 1l 3hnar:ocw)concentration and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes near the uc1:)n ow 3la0p+rfhsleaves and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressure in the lemdrk,3ntnijz4e 55 4 qft atrium, left ventricle and the aorta.4 3,mz54rq ndj5nk iet

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctlgpt ;.o-u xcrqy cwwo5jebc)* -.oc94y identifies features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted into a pl ce+g1od;u3v e;gtt q nh4bs--ant. Aphids have been us +ct4- 1 n ;t3goudhb;q-evesged to study transport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.