Which of the following does not cause x l9si8 zgdq9t0*dyx) jrt*n.coronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is m/v0x / wopf2tv 2ls.tbainly composed of water and transports water-soluble substances to different parts of tht/sl bfvo0.xt2/v2 wp e body?

  Which of the following is/are am4b* gft*hn-pca.e *f feature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct fb fg 2qso(4m;gor sugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow ubdoh mu5ba21: mcs06of blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering hq c3ezww8*9cplant which is often used as a model for the study of sc839*ezq wcwh eed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is n xecp:i w5hs63w0 tfjg1g 7g+not correct for the structure and function of different blood vess pggxwi3jt5f n6sh w :07+1egcels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse sec 62z,amcjc+ith6 va8t tion through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling thed x9gfso x b qzxun:-.7rwrq.3oyt ;)4 frequency at which it beatsf uo3qs;gtyd.:9 7r-b).wz4qrno xx x?

  The diagram below shows yyj4h )nk(ep g1*f hf3a potometer which is used to measure water uptake in plants. h(fp1ej ny)4 k*gyf3h

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s) is/ar8tv18y *gux1 lbfef 5ye true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blooddw/7b: t2qhf qgq1h7j flow into and out of the heart? 72qh1jqg f:btwh/ d q7

  The diagram below shows the structure of the 0n;:t5usrlq :zh1be n cyki-mw u893d human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the hear,7h j4xr(e /:ue mecmad3aya4 t is blood pumped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygen7aq z3yh;zhb9ated blood from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive a i;+art rf*g*properties of water allow xylem vessels to transport water i*rf ia a;+tg*rnside plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through during phloem loa) jtzq h 87l-aqwblc:0zvw q42ding?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusduz lvz ,:jhzn)nxq6le** 6 e:ion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, andzx n*q)nzedl6u6,* ez lv:jh: the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circ5t8a7wk9(d sm0fayd lt 1 itb1ulatory system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structure of a hee7fmso a7ppcp5n 04k3art.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograph of a cross-section of ag4;ml,u 3dnan 9 y gtqw(r;m+a stem of the monocot Zea ma q49(mua3mg l na;tg;dn ,yr+wys.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the human heartyuf)-q./ grua .


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem of the monocot Zea Ma nto5e 2*gnr;qys.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evapor+tverb j.r6. tnx2li-ation of water in leaves have on other parts of a plantlex.t 2rj.6+bi v-rnt?

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and semilunar valv8 zxry;q f4l4hphn0r) es at the point in th4r rfhx;yqln8) 04pzhe cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being p,q7v 7)dtlaamor q27massively loaded into the sieve tube unaided, before being transported around the plant7dm q o, mt2qlra7a7v).

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a developi dh.x1g*+ :niuje5jcnng shoot taken at 400× hgd*n:x5n+ciju1j. e magnification.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside xylem vessels to be loww b+ls(r(ue pi rr,bzl15pg45 esi5r+r1 l 4(b5bug re, (zpwlpr than atmospheric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil absorbed by 4e,7aej :bb*6mkvx zpgf* m.t roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associated with plaque buildupsf 5/*tnniby 0 in the coronary ar/byft*ni 05 snteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likelu )x gyk2m.3w v02iyxpy to have the highest lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which used radioactivemyr ffs: 7k4c*vzr-u: ly labelled carbon mu7c-kfy *:4fzsr:v rdioxide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast pj1 dpm+cvo)bc30y1 t the phloem found in the stem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration and ld*pcz ;d6.j 1r -rrvohydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes near the llcd6ro r .r; zvpdj1-*eaves and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressure in the left 9d+ fwbg-i83bv2jrln atrium, left ventricle and the aoi8ln+ vg2 b -rb39dfjwrta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table cor3. bqzw. .ij a5ujicvzr 10j8a yrky5/x:j9vqrectly identifies features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted into a plant. Aphidy/)a;z5 3dqz pw xb0op5c (opms have been used to study trm3ob p xz)y;z5/q5(c0pw paodansport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.