Which of the following does not cause c4y0 mdge., btsoronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood h:xz/*sesmd /ivz )m1is mainly composed of water and transports water-soluble substances to diffezdm)ve/1 sh/x imzs*:rent parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/areq05 dxz-qhhf:tqzjc jg81k0* a feature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for gq;xtnk09 3u lsugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of blood in a vein g9q;s iw4xdq1?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering plmkat1x4o;k cx-/q jc1bj s 8v (zd,.frant which is often used as a mqo.k;k(- x14sj8d1b fz,j vatcx /rcmodel for the study of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for the structure and fun; 7 sw+ qbogz.0sqbrb(ction of different bb.szbbwqo( g rs+;7q 0lood vessels?

  The micrograph shows a transverssi/f:xkhkm 9q/g+xh ,e section through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is ieo8v 0t ;com2tnvolved in controlling the frequency at which it beatteo;0c2v8 om ts?

  The diagram below shows a potometerjc x,*zup85 thg*s5 moix1ri: which is used to measure water uptake in plants. *55g8xmcoj hx ur:sz1tp*ii ,

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the followings cp;101 wjljo statement(s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of bloo 3e1hbwh xkqk 4*1qs1ud flow into and out of the hear he1uqhkb1w qxs14k*3t?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the -vukm;8u rvvf gl 5*7bhuman heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blo+;u)oqoh:ul j f1:lwm od pumped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the tn02 amnvf6tha. u /2bheart?

  The cohesive and adhesive pro+ un;qm/6 d5 cop3gnmdperties of water allow xylem vessels to transport water inside3+n/d o65 ngm upq;dmc plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through during phloem d(rmm)4ayr(v4 xh1bm loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into t2lmio v6i;o57; xln oxn1v /d7l0zkpyhe effects of artery occlusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an arteryy15 op i/l ;ooln;67x2 7k0nivlzmdvx , was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory systea4(qkpv)j wuyh s22u9m of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structure92ibmmtz; d( wak2a,jo 3w;wi of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograph of b*ek, y2s-pc0vvri 3va cross-section of a stem of the monocot Zep*bkc vvi,ve- r0 y3s2a mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows ydpdm r8xdf7 0qq ) ab chnjp rr-h+z831p,80zthe structure of the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron ijes5e nw6r/2micrograph of the stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does thejgc8d duykp)r ,*(he: evaporation of water in leaves have on other parts of a placdjgdr(h*)pky u : 8,ent?

  What is the position of the atrioventricular 6rtonql-dw-ubp5m ro5fh,px3sol.* h )+.f y and semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which thn5)rqr-h35 .ml,xp pl-odu hso f*b.w+yotf6 e pressure in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose beinzhdmpc ts,j). m-j2. )sguag:x7s.qdg passively loaded into the sieve tube unaided, before being transported around the pz pu:.adhjmg-t,..g7 2 s dms) xqs)jclant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a developing shoot taken at 400×m 8 yv9tbm5z8:,3x4rfry upoe magnificau8 ryt8fmx:em 9r 3o4zp,vyb 5tion.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside xyl v+-i hp71u6yuz7rxyj em vessels to be lower than atmospheric pressure 7h 6r py7zu-iv+jx1yu?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil absslvxpm4b9sf pi(k 66rf/c s -7orbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associated with plaque buildup iv6xr6 ; f tl-b0tl,z,bopxm, cn the coronary xt,b-,6 zo;flbvpx t 6rc0lm, arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely t3ij0wfpbgc 1w.8 q wj,o have the highest lignin content?

  The graph shows the resz;8g 4x1ri*al yrm h3lults of an experiment which used radioactively labelled carbonx r8 a y*gli1z4rlh;3m dioxide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem and the root of a pmr1o.j *x77qmhfsh3a 1 lmk;xlant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration and hydrostatic pressu a7. 6xqxuoki9 en;ne0re within the sieve tubes near the ln976aen.uxk0x; iq eoeaves and roots?

  The image below represents thiqv7i)1 ob)ygo 9mtz:e changes in pressure in the left atrium, left ventric 1:y9mzob) i)qvt7 oigle and the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifiesyyyg+:v u3yxh i8l0x8*3w y:zveg.jp features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted into a plant. Aphida 0:czj5t 6ycgs have been used 0jzt y6a:c5gcto study transport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.