Which of the following does mfifb7o i *( haaq*z.+not cause coronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mavr5mgcl r;(nzo5+u)s qy)h )minly composed of water and transports water-soluble substances to different partsv(m)+g )mlzo;rc)ur 5h5qn s y of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a feature of pkfd6xfyq*vdagj*chr0tgu4*g2z . 0 . hloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct folk (kbk1,l2w7(o9rmxhn sf qna62 mz+r sugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent tzq0b0 n lcsqdh,4x , e-zvv0ex: +cya9he backflow of blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering 6g h8rxpl apa,7 guqc jht);s uo5o84*plant which is often used as a model for the study of se 4ghq,gt8j)c57au;oarh 86sxpplo u *ed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for the structure and function of ditp 4 m yy9bbzm)3.*3:njuzwjw fferew49yy* 3jzz ):wu3bm tn.pmb jnt blood vessels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse section through a7ahfbc :ka 05z leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involu 6uh45+qkzkc ved in controlling the frequency at which it beat+hquuc4k56k z s?

  The diagram below shows a potometer whixgs a(ivq95j1b bf s.1ch is used to measure water uptake in pla9ss1bf(a . gqivj x5b1nts.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statemenw2uv5-ir2 qo d 2 .ahixav0w0kt(s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood aferz4z(7 g0:qa6 wv1c,sf zgflow into and out of the heart?a (0eg,v7r f1zwz 6zf :gscq4a

  The diagram below shows the structure of the human heart1) dbci 2j(tkw.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood puwb*0po- n)7z r+ ks+fue+i cjtmped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood from the lung :y0v8 s6s 4d mdrhncw:vj99c+ms+oc es to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive pciyhojn+uj el- ())iio4m e u7d 1 6obqn1w0t4roperties of water allow xylem vessels to transport water inside l e)i)+jiqj ueo161ihny4c7b0(m -udnot w4o plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through during ph8 19vrvnspj.a(kxv;ngrh : 2jdw iv:2loem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusion on blood pressure, studt4yj5iee sk uvj-2w w-nrg nh-9+;pq:ents set up a simpl:e92;4e vng j-5psq-wn+ -yi hujr tkwe experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the cir4 oiw2t3vskgxt5 ( dn3culatory system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the b8- :-sjeefm mstructure of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograph of rn jg,2e18zvva cross-section of a stemg2 1z ,nvrjv8e of the monocot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows th ko : bqa7x.w 7je1ovz1tko.3de structure of the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the steb ir6n44:neytzq h*4a) rgeg(m of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves have on other park9r/ td+(l a-sfr ;n0tspqa(rts of a planr (+r kqpl0fdrss; at/ 9(ta-nt?

  What is the position ol y mj n jg0zoe2h;,5x)u6xk4gf the atrioventricular and semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the left ventricle isjeg o)m5n xj2uz;4h 0g kx,6ly the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded into the sieve tube unaidy ;jv llcd+6:rw4k x(b5be e)ri gf(i,ed, before being transporj,vxr ircbg l+6(;w)4e( l yfikde:b5ted around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a developing shoot takentjl0jm pm0-; t 8i h5x9,mrfjob :xx)s at 400× magnification. r0t8,tm;i9-)m: ljm 50jofxjbxhpsx

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside xylem vessels to be lpi)dc;q/ bwdx6xwa c,8 w).h gowew, c)hdqwbga6w /i8 c .x;)xdpr than atmospheric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the 8ax. pq)zno( vsoil absorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associated with plaqum20hp*60h tggc7uxk2nco ou: 3pj*fze buildup in the coronary arteries. 62p to7 hm0c0 2hkzuu *j: 3oxgpfn*gc

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highest 3+6kw.i3al yeq xhya5 lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which used*p /bu)(wwt jlsra+x: radioactively labelled cwtls*ru+ j(xb p/ :w)aarbon dioxide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem and the root of a plan1bovi2bh pl9( ydu- .vt.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration and hydx g5op,w;kj z (pvc*(5 swqy4a9v. tglrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes near the,*a5wo(p l .qxg g9;zkj4vvpwcs y5(t leaves and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressure in the left atrium, leapmzpi:dkuz 2s52 -*xft ventri 2mp2xp 5*az:suk-di zcle and the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies feature/r :eh6gka6i tn5;l-qcsw; y ypqha8, s of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its sxic u+7h i/0vrmyj s0:tylet inserted into a plant. Aphids have been us xmc0ri :s7+j0u iy/vhed to study transport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.