Which of the following does not cause coronary heart j-y . 9ddkfm-ddisease?

  Which component of blood i.ox no8-8xo sfs mainly composed of water and transports water-soluble substances to different part-fxsx88nooo. s of the body?

  Which of the following is l,s4ux rsd l0obty4)7/are a feature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar transport in phlbj 7k) l*nyi *stb7bd6oem?

  What helps prevent the b;b0xvt9c/pwmi6(ly,;ey6 d +roc lwmd2 *blsackflow of blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below06l*+or sl *hnp/rvtw, is a species of flowering plant which is often used as a model for the study of seed rsoh*vptnwr +/0 l6*lanatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below ifpej(sylnjn2 3 zgt86y, 8 -dos not correct for the structure and function of different blood vesselegp8 (d j -8jytyfzn2,63lnsos?

  The micrograph shows a transverse section through a leaf. fw9za apda gj,)(:d5h


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved pu3vjy6 d0tu+--/6kp .ytj.al wbrin in controlling the frequency at which it bean ajt3-k+pp 6yju0d t6 b l-uivyr/w..ts?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to measure watej8 li* 6j57idzbh 7qncr uptake in plants.67 zhbnidjj8 *c75iq l

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s) is/are tru q00efwj:-wc0kf v:7:kwbkza e?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood flow into and(du; t2 1viwnn out of the heartu(in2dvn 1tw;?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the human i glj3 egl bb2ot4*i79heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped into thd;ypdmu9rt-ys 81lv d8 z; o;je pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carri.r,p h-*osgtzes oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of wat2y 0b 6l xvnrim z5zx/g)+o3gner allow xylem vessels to transport water inside lz 5 rm3/o+ nbyn60vgxg )izx2plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucr +h+u crpqzot :1w.fjh) 1dchn.g8xu 7ose pass through during phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of-knwvx2 mwf v+d 6-8mv artery occlusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubbe v8--wmfk6+n d2vvwmxr stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below reprrj d*4)7yfgq4tx0kw:wn /o at esents the circulatory system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structure of abp i/ 0; eiag33ri(yff heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is anv4f a;n7 ot/8u zpmm;u electron micrograph of a cross-section of a stem of the monocot Zea mays. vu;atm pf7o4/n8 zu;m

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the human heartm7s/-6n g6w:jeewr 9,lcenjogo6 l8i.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem of the monocot Zea Mays. 6g o5+q ztgmg7

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of wateryc bh r7rc1k9 ;kp;o,q(2xbk w in leaves have on other parts of a plan9;h r;7q2 yk,1bc(w rpobkk xct?

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and semit i8jx1vw* ja+lunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which thvjj+ixt 1a8w*e pressure in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows suqm7v/ w/am -gwxvt 1d:crose being passively loaded into the sieve tube unaided, before being transporte:mtx /ma/w vgvw7- qd1d around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a deveaic4j5jh,ofvp z7;k(k+ n- sloy - t+mloping shoot taken at 400× magnification. a - o(f, cl5+ks j-myh7p+ok4ji;nz vt

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside xylem vessels to mlgou3latyoo52hvm88t h57 k;l 9 ib5be lower than atmospheric pressure?lh 27yo 9bt 5;g 8lmvm83 u5liatohko5

  How are most mineral ions(nw:fzg yk(a( in the soil absorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factol mnlxpg +6q6(jq- y 4g,7fhiirs and consequences associated with plaque buildup in the coronary a+l -66ng(x4 , mqi7pq jyflhigrteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highest lph pfndu):*p1flsg jx 4r02*uignin content?

  The graph shows the j6 xg0qtdluj 6 rb512aresults of an experiment which used radioactively labelled carbon dio52gljjbd ra1 xt66q0 uxide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the o/gwhym17 a+hlqi1l 8 stem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents thegm+s sflg-j :. solute concentration and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes near the leas -:.jfglgs+m ves and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressure in the le9jn6 cx o.-:494ufsgrcydsng ft atrium, left ventricn-ycon9sc694f.4xs dug :jrgle and the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies features of ;jp*v 0q,xkg +l8gg eg gi4y8fsieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aph1ka4,wk7nk be id with its stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids have been used to study transport ik wka7k 14nbe,n plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.