Which of the following does not causep 223b*.hrqtsf b-t ns coronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainbh1w gv(;lauf4m4a w/ ly composed of water and transports water-soluble substances to different parts uh4 1v(w4 /algbaw; mfof the body?

  Which of the following is/are a feature of phlo-6z ajfgj3l)cem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct f l*x* -jc;kldjor sugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow k vcid,z( x j-xhz57a(of blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering plant which is often use ao*1h4c0teor d as a model for the study *41t0 ho roaecof seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for the structure and f3c9gmuc +w s cp-i3b,nunction of different bloods9 , +3pcmwuing c3-cb vessels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse section througom: ixir+(i5eq-rzp/ h a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the a trdut /2m96nheart is involved in controlling the frequency at which it bea69/arudt mtn2 ts?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to measure water uptakeg ff821j o,zvz in plants. f,g oz8fzjv1 2

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s) i6g .84l1ca:xf/r wwh5d jhkn qs/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood flow intot2a9iz xc hld;r)- uqgi+/jq : and out of the heart? q9 ci2t/+;haju )dlgzrq :ix-

  The diagram below shows the structure of the human heart. apn-5 )gdp )ei



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of9ysm gdx5 ) tyd6,e-hxdoq v6+ the heart is blood pumped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood from the ani3az(qs65l lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allog/8bna4n. s b0dmq a vb:j,(xgw xylem vessels to transport water inside njxm0andg/(8.,abb:v4g qb splants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through during phlopazw dgb6*29aj ,o o,vem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlt,t0 qpck -sv5usion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end , k-tsvpcqt50 was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the ff,xr9:o. ibcle 5:0h(jpmv 1c tbfw0circulatory system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the str ohp4xqaz,9r 8f*h 4xzucture of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below /*2/(erm qm3diu evtw is an electron micrograph of a cross-section of a stem of the monocot Zea may/ (wequr/*mvtde23mis.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below show8a7+zvmny9 1( ql1ajs.e3nvl uwi -rss the structure of the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem of the monocot Zea Mays ky+i8,x3kzg 9 zhev,i.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaj:fbz5 e/r hbfxoc 557poration of water in leaves have on other parts of a plant?/j erbh x7 o55ffz5b:c

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and semilunar valves at the pon,w w)zahx. 82ez7shwint in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure ,.w7z)2nxwshhze w a8in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded into thev w052g 9txlye sieve tube unaided, before being transporte59t0wyg vxl2 ed around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a developing sx 5khd 1r.yap/hoot taken at 400× magp. a5y1 xr/hdknification.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside .bt5sm lal2is- l8-r8z1 edln xylem vessels to be lower than atmospheric presst8r1dm2ea sn5 lbis-.z8lll- ure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil abs9 gbzftawdh52y .lh24orbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associate;+iso6amfi *yd with plaque buildup in the coronaryy+o6 ;ifia* ms arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the followin, -mt0w g5s b 2b)/jpbcpcz0wtg is likely to have the highest lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which used radioqq(q0jq0eu u)da- x8sactively labelled carbon dio-sau)xe0 qqj qd8q(u0xide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the 3p6xx8ybtyn r04s : tzstem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents t* z;/l /ucbbbche solute concentration and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes neb/z; ub* blcc/ar the leaves and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressure in the left atrium, leoel ug)95gk+ tft ventric+oelt9 gu)kg 5le and the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies features of sieve tube elemv qscbutpk-(m+( ;( i ycf9ef,ents?

  This image shows an aphid with its stnk2b.g jxn*g+ ,,5uk2g mvcomylet inserted into a plant. Aphids have been used to study transport in plaojvbu gn2*gc ,gk,5mxnm2.k+ nts.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.