Which of the following does not cause coronary he*9,ezi 2g r(eipypr8.rdp 00wnoed 6 lart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water and tranx2*n0r ud8c ezsports water-soluble substances nz8e0x rc 2*udto different parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a feature x17 xmcc (lqpgs06z7uof phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct l.sv/ p hqlv),rz(dx12j+tqt for sugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of blood in ad mll1s1mthy5; gf tkk,trbb) 67yd;8 vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of frtez 5g:oxwsb6)7l7 glowering plant which is often used as a model for t7 5x )7tobsz6w:lgreg he study of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for-ld/t:- x s y6lp*o mc2vgco/a the structure and function of diffs-:xl -lg6pyota/v /*md 2c ocerent blood vessels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse section throughq vtse n) (.wqbk ix;zoyrkf1-.;m9; b a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is inv )*ftpy6wzwf70z kuj+ olved in controlling the frequency at which it beats 7tk+*pw)0fzfu6z yj w?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to measure water urp18-dov:t(+okv u slptake in pla v+ovpo-(:dlu trk8s1nts.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s) is/are tptbqndbm82m+ 5nhiq d s4)w yu(h34eis)vs)( rue?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of bl.ta(* h pcmy1)r bwnos9pr/w :ood flow into and out of the heart?:(/rmb*w npa oh p9c1rywt .s)

  The diagram below shows the structure onfxam e+x y af532wf4*i3o.2hdouc 2l f the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood ) a,di3zkcytqrs 7n- :pumped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood from nnl57x:,m/ yks xlf1xthe lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessels to tr4f zbl- e. ede;vo +oqhcb0c15ansport watero- evhecz.1eo5+q4 dbflbc 0 ; inside plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through during phloem loadingug+h g,d3v;gk?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusion on blood pressure, 6rtqb ;lwl++a,etb2y dbl1ktsd12 u -students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and; u-ttb+2 blyws6keb 2,ll1t+dqdar1 the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory syst5s7/mwltd3lcyn- oiw t n /-.bem of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the 8xszm+. rhucd9-/ jskstructure of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograph of a crootb yi56 yv-v3 rz;4x2emfqx.ss-section of a stem of the moyb5 ;v f 6-qyzremt3xx.v io24nocot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structur u0u, vno-1e;hrp:7e+ ohxxyu e of the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem o8,k c73i bd+n-vy*hnakjrg9 yf the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves have on other parts of a pv2.o5 jk; zhilla2z.ki; lh5 ojvnt?

  What is the position of th x(wwxxw. bk-0e atrioventricular and semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which0 wx-kxbww (.x the pressure in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded into)es6mz a v;t r*7s+)cy y:ajie the sieve tube unaided, before being transportedes+s;v t y)6j:i )zac7mayr*e around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below 0pqjz4 ifi+n:shows the xylem vessels in a developing shoot taken at 400× magnifnj:iqi0pf4z+ ication.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside xylem vessels to r5 ss3pcg9cfdj;ma6/ be lower than atmospheric presc9;m6cadg s3/ 5jfsrpsure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil absorbedzwrmu ,opz wj5m5*mqt8tj, /: by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and conswgg xm-pb+4 e,equences associated with plaque buildup in the coronary arter-p we+g,4bxgm ies.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highen413hqfzu61g 0 +fxjak/vdre st lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which used radioactivelywnbu8 o .u,lq)-geg9 r7zpllgted*)7 labelled carbon dioxi)p )- 7 durolzqg,n8lletwg bue*7.g9de (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem and the 28uz;)o)jw +0e0 jibnncy zby*d*zpwroot of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentraty-0nsaa j+ m+bf,n wr+ion and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes near the leaves an0j+rb ,wyn+-naas mf+ d roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressure in the left a a;/gmarm.moa2 bzu* x r)r3z,trium, left ventricle and the ar2g.rmx;*3a a m,uzo)ra/ bzmorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the tabl83 2hj-w aionye correctly identifies features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphdl zb)yy :h( v1x;v*a9ilhwh8 id with its stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids have been used to study transporzw(hh b1l: vyl;v)9a idh*8 yxt in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.