Which of the following does not cause coronary hea w9ac9wji7 *jnjys+ l0rt disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water and transports wate wf ;4lrnhv0ntd9 h+5or-soluble substances to different parts of then0fv ;w 95dlho 4nth+r body?

  Which of the following is/are a feature of phloedklp/, j/fbkg lxo d 9es9 kr;)-zri17m?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is cd/fyr8vtqh (wm z.)6gorrect for sugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of blood in sat.jwo7hs:anl.i g7:sl 2x*a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering plant whict ld(ok3mn-9zh is often used as a model fnz-(l39om tkdor the study of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the tab,dof5f9b2 almle below is not correct for the structure and function of different blf fbld am9o5,2ood vessels?

  The micrograph shows a transversez .qc8p4z8b oc section through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling the 0-tg pd ;lcarop+ it8p1 15lfwfrequency at which it beatsrdc5 p8tf l-o+; pliw11agpt 0?

  The diagram below shows a poto g xg/()+sfhp8jhp on*meter which is used to measure water uptake in plantsnjsp g+p/* xo)g8f h(h.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statemex ;,xb 5 5i7 5uc dg;vp,ref/fsjzoa5wnt(s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following showsydg.p80 aarf7qx: 7fv the direction of blood flow into and out of the heary av.df8:xr pq7g 7fa0t?

  The diagram below shows the 5oxjr9ahlo4 15qr b ;ostructure of the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped into the pulm*di4ed o .32uavwevnx5l5 d1 ionary artery?

  Which of the following ca5sc80vp66su cr w xp/brries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vesvppw . 2l0r,ygr .ao. waiu)n-sels to transport water insgpairayu,-ov. p.n.)20 wr wlide plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through during phloem loadin8w4b,ut +ie fbg?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery d56s)/qdh vfw occlusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measure)df6q h/swvd5d the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory system of a fish. kozl :jdoc9t6)- rf, *w7bqi d


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the 64 3xtw*dz*pbb 3emfk structure of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph belogrx+ 2c, qhue6ddz+q) w is an electron micrograph of a cross-section of a stem of the monocot Zea maysh +6e,xd2u)gqrc d+zq.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the hf3w yko*i9w boq/ie(r dc)e1, uman heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograpj;u(t )om1 zgx+9elpxh of the stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves have onltki(s h.l: x0 other parts of a plah .xlil0s:k(t nt?

  What is the position of t. gr)rtt)m9z9ehunaf:m30l i q 8a a4ghe atrioventricular and semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the left ventricle is t.8e )0zi h:q)m gt4a3armr9 ultgfna 9he greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrycv x vj. /(oku7pe-rjo(*un wb)e;4c ose being passively loaded into the sieve tube unaided, before bei j4u/yx (wro-ec*v;o.( knveuj7c)pb ng transported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a develo rt9h0ea p9g)j:+v;ycijbtq d9j ws;1ping shoot taken at 400×jh9 t y9g9r i+e1)bst;jpq d:javwc;0 magnification.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside xylem vessels t4qkbek 0grzv:gjm 1;9 vee1h,o be lower than atm0heebqjgz 4:v9e k,v1rgk1m ;ospheric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the 5jp4b+p pd/a+2a. fdrxtc9qs soil absorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associated with plaque b,15dq+h5bwcw3 c4ej:heyfw duildup in the coronarwwfc4 de beh1c:hd+jw5yq,35y arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the o z t8 g.h:)a-r,c13ig cdkqzkyab3z 5highest lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which used ra(q7dzv kxa8 hjaj.o);. ps1v adioactively labelled cp1vk87()jvas;x zjaad qh.o. arbon dioxide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found 6;h ;tpayjd6 i 2e9frho1nly xe9+6 cqin the stem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration and hyi e),5vsjye w:4yj+hgdrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes near the leaves an, +e4 i5g)jy wevjys:hd roots?

  The image below represeoa ,:lbt7gy 2pnts the changes in pressure in the left atrium, left ventricle and the al pg,to72 a:yborta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table ceh8eaj sk-yn)968a ndorrectly identifies features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet yb15dm ,)oz dgwr-uix.8 s:isinserted into a plant. Aphids have been used to study transport in p wi)ro5bsdmzxsu.:-1,8g i ydlants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.