Which of the following does not cause coronary heartbbz4 5izi moz rnl ;blbt 11.5l2n-my( disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water and transports water-solm wd)0ictz 8eh+i0( nauble substances to different parts of the body?endhaczm+ 8t 0 ()0iiw

  Which of the following is/are a featg 9k3lu4tahhbqo0 ;v3 ure of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar transport in phloem ;d.xc0dz31uyn0l q1d 6rdt era0v, r48 ggmtr?

  What helps prevent the backywbgh51znwr/ /6qmbl*w 4u s5 flow of blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of floweri(:m mfgux h+ye: pjr*6ng plant which is often used as a model for the study of seed anatomgufm+mx 6:eh jp:*r y(y.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for the structur82i -.2 blusspt,hm7 2sekiur e and function of different blo.iu 2e-i2ut 8sl,bmhrs2 pks7 od vessels?

  The micrograph shows a tramwsn,9 qkv9* rnsverse section through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controllbmf 5h tah87v op-69cqing the frequency at which it beatspb9v h8af 5o mc6-t7hq?

  The diagram below shows a potbo*wjopa 1j5 hu 55ga5ometer which is used to measure water uptake in planbjag1h owo* 5 uaj5p55ts.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the followinmg:poh1 y2 ;d/i2 dkjbg statement(s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood flow into and out o6pfjz3m*b *5u9:q s zs1bd euzf the heart? 1fus3 zsb dp**e6 z9: umjqb5z

  The diagram below shows the s1u es*zyzd,9g/ sz8h fihpxe r8l9/h0 tructure of the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is bloo wn axs(lw2l o9,)l9wvd pumped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood fffd4 1 q9ublgno(2i0urom the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessels to tr1g,9t 9fby0p jioq8mwansport water inp1 o8qwyj9 g0tf9mb,i side plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through*e9sz ypd/f n:ar4y8r during phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusion on j2* jjzru5xh:+ tp xi4blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealh2jt+ p rxuiz4j*x5 j:ed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulay3/dz5uwuj h( b ykn:,tory system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows q-h, we;08dwn u baoy9the structure of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electrl/gunqeg .ms 7*05 gfo0 hzqb ,zuv3-ron micrograph of a cross-section of a stem of th .nfb0u,q- s*uo zelh7z v03g5g rqgm/e monocot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows t-aj*du2n, 9z l kyj/ txr/ys,dhe structure of the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem of the mony d18gux kj,mg 9(br0locot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves have on other parts of a p:w9qn((rn4j4b-fuus smeb(0g6sf k vlant(e-rbnvqs 0uk(u 4j sfwg 4nf6s:m(b9?

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and semilunar valves at the point i:+o 6k z43zgjpy3hzlbn the cardiac cyc yzg6 3jzk+h: obl3p4zle at which the pressure in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded into the sieve tube us0r7)a yaeobq ;d1s vo 6/hw1pnaided, ber;6oays e)/ 1sw1qoba70 hd vpfore being transported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a developing xw vid fi.-1 +mfro-e:shoot taken at 400× magnification.1fo .:--x dmf iwir+ev

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that cauz4ttio9tmbbt :t:s 6 7ses the pressure inside xylem vessels to be lower than atmostt bt9t4is: 6:b om7tzpheric pressure?

  How are most mineral ion5:j msgg2 v ppo,p)( mzfbu;n-s in the soil absorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and conseqefn3ku)1kwq* ls 1 )se* wo.giuences associated with plaque buildup in th)us)o*n1*g1 3wefke sl qw .ike coronary arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the followin8jz2c. k-;xk eb+d.x i4cmcyhg is likely to have the highest lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of aw +4daytnjuat54mv n:a(18eun experiment which used radioactively labelled carbon dioxide (14:d+54me1 au 4 (vayun8 tjntwa$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in tr) 2zudojia8of/k so0oo06xp/6t c( the stem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute con5.qjxvs tq i74oe4t:dcentration and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes near t4itqdx. 5e q:s4ojv7 the leaves and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in w5e+2q)thzjorgyw k ur qm,g3j 8402qpressure in the left atrium, left ventricle andh o,2+ 85)g24zwwgr yqtr3qjm0eu qj k the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies feai7cjle2/k : p rkry9)s: g3 jczh8rfv;tures of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an 2jxmg1ri5o s: aphid with its stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids have been used to study transport in plantj5irsogxm: 2 1s.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.