Which of the following does not cause cor wzpu uqs6785)9fnuo +uhdt;tze1h6jonary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water and transports water-solubf sz+d8unnd )t7fq9.vle substan7.)8n9v f zq dn+ufsdtces to different parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a fea,,p1vxf2cfl du 3cx.g ture of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar transport in phlo: ewt*4aby6ndzs( ot1 em?

  What helps prevent the backflow of blood in a ve/v4gykwp h i)uh 4-y,lkq() hein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, iss f1i 55lvslc x(ww29w a species of flowering plant which is often used as a model for the study of seed an1 slwc 25xww9s5vl fi(atomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for the structure and fu:r s87vw ebqh0nction of different blood ves hv7qw0esb r:8sels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse section through a leaf. a dkg*:g vg7fzia/3e:


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling the frequency ava( k71.h9mubls 6oj at which it bea(6 9 albvm k.1js7huoats?

  The diagram below shows a potometernf+7(fo sgn-k ;9ffzv which is used to measure water uptake in plants-ff7 s;(f+n9 fzvn gok.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s) is/arz2lmw jjhg:(vh 4;6w *qi;cdce true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood flow into .gpj9z3gb ajfj6g/6qand out of the hearj9 3g6z.bqj pfg/ jg6at?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the human h /k0sdbteb7 ((qa3vs 8jkqr2jeart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped into the pulmonar1t .abq;h26 ylq- - rqmmzwh9py artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood f -r5*sj4 e5* 0mhek0vq;c wrw(suojrrrom the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water agkjen8u oj+esl /5 -h6llow xylem vessels to transport water inh 5/ks+eng -lj8j ue6oside plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through during phloe (htq3;y vxft2 j9e99;jwflp sm loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation intor0n v /:0rzhrww+z+ cm the effects of artery occlusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled intzr+ hc wn/:v rm0z0wr+o the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents twc:e,2 e6r nug rxnf+9he circulatory system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the st4saa0yf xlt+y,yr63pp gr3m 3nm:p 2pructure of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograph of a cross-section of a s07nyeb280og wwgt 2yw tem of the monocot Zea2e7 obnwy0tyg 0wwg28 mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows mljxw8e 3u gupc2l.+:ba 53eithe structure of the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem x w7*q h)cw/r(x:aqh mof the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of xzc 8ke2x7 9)higsct, water in leaves have on other parts of a plant?8t 2 icgxx7),k9hcsez

  What is the position*00 r1fllvavkg 6o.g x-j 3fdy of the atrioventricular and semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the jvrfx k30 l-o6.*g al1yv0fgd pressure in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded intothwqa/nk njjl u ss8-7* *k9r7 the sieve tube unaided, before beh7*j t*9wa/7nn lrq8-kk s sujing transported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shl6/ unma(g77y ki yh/hows the xylem vessels in a developing shoot taken at 400× mah/7ak/imy(ul y nhg76gnification.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside xylem vexeb0a2;lrj4f q2 y9mkh :htv(ssels to be lower than ym0;hqklvax4bj :t 2e rf9 (2hatmospheric pressure?

  How are most mineral-xk :it5 pr4oe ions in the soil absorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associated with pla: )e4g.v syxdxque buildup in the:sxxg.4 )edyv coronary arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highestmaps avm15yxz28 4t6p lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which used radioactiv / .:un; rxtxmbp-f(amely labelled cx-/;tbxmau(.:p n mfrarbon dioxide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrag5sz qs yak-:*st the phloem found in the stem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solq; 7tq 1uy02in:;obgb xc 1coiute concentration and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes near the leaves and roots20:u bob;t iqcxyqn1 ;1gioc7 ?

  The image below reprei8rig +:zw9g ksents the changes in pressure in the left atrium, left ventri98iriwg+g: z kcle and the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly i ia 1sh2vq7nc(dentifies features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted into a pla y -5*rj.nwot:i f-cspvy/ u6lnt. Aphids have been used to study transport in p/y6jt y5lvo .*nsfr: -i uwc-plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.