Which of the following does not cause coronary heart dyl*j ,:j qb, i((ykq8;nhyqy:h b8 pscisease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water azx90fy( :r. f is,paband transports water-soluble substances to difpfyf(rx b.,s: aia9z0 ferent parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a feature of p9c3ced 2x3x yyhloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar transn oo+1t;q/1exf:t dnoi fo 2-oport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the bact/e)b18t+yqp2.4t ul l ;t avwe 5emwkkflow of blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering plant which is oftenfk:,cfwp+o+w 1krr vr2/lysm ,.avd. used as a model for the study 2s +rw/,fv:ckawk p.l.rm,rof1+dv yof seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for the structure and +7 tjl8t zxyks(;aaxzr rd12 ;function of different blood vesselsz;t(lstk yr+r1x; x8 a72 zdja?

  The micrograph shows a transverse section through a leaf. nghdo ;;8t d6j


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling the o c9 01tsh+f o9ruf0usfrequency at which it beatr+9c1os0 ft9uo 0fsh us?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to measure water ea7v s:vhnuw 0( e(p*t sodj8olb(0( auptake in plants.*su 0(vh7o ls:bw(v0po(aenatj(e8d

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the followinj(5q 5ogmd7 saq8 orn9jhbh.7g statement(s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood flow into and out of the hea-p6ozky+d:*ey du9oe sdi9i )rt? d+9ud-)d * sie6epoz9kiyy :o

  The diagram below shows thf+ql+.qs ubnlt .k:s:e structure of the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped into the pulmonary artery p0 .k)fqttoejc3gy7)?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood from the lungs towbh a fl,7fi.7 the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessels tut 3qp9i ckk dsv5t8:hji 9s -+,sxp+wo transport water ins9xvp u8piw qstc,k-3 5s: j+dit+ks 9hide plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through zowx6y/0me aa ;,u9lhduring phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusion on blood pressure, s*of/b5t d/dantudents set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing andf/ad*tb 5/ on artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatfzv lw((zkhn,8zz)c8ory system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structure of a heart. yk l)5efe 89t-pj p2o).gmdjn

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below ojaj-v,mkl . 3is an electron micrograph of a cross-section of a stem of tm3 k -lavoj.j,he monocot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the human h(s)c gu3r, xoqke2( zpeart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron microgu9l e;kst8s ;q.6brvy raph of the stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation ofl7grfr4alzx2r5:z:qo-p i h e(gl3 z+ water in leaves have on other parts of a plaz5pi4 leh7o:al r-z grxgz2(fr q:l+3nt?

  What is the position oja5 g:suf/b7;l7 duj1tk114 o mqvhatf the atrioventricular and semilunar valves at the point in the cardq1t7vo d:7lk h1f j;ma1g4 uujts/a5 biac cycle at which the pressure in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose b: aao cj+wbfxi559 ;u h4fqm,8rk2dti eing passively loaded into the sieve tube unaided, before being tra2aidr 5;mff5ot+j9 cuibx4q: 8 a,whknsported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a developing shoot taken a5r4+olq ou5mm 6x 0pmot 400× magnifimorumxq+m5o 60lp 45ocation.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside xylem vessels z6c;;l2l*nv/ pfd 7w ele/v lqto be lower than atmospherqen/pl/6; c *levl;wfz2 v7dlic pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil absorbed by gu4- s-xir rvw.9-axeroots?

1.Outline the risk factors and conseque :* t:gjn;-gjgbmku; lnces associated with plaque buildup in the coronary arteriesug -*ntjlg : gmk:;bj;.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following isw7f9 c0(z lvot u(.iar likely to have the highest lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of zq7tk 9vb,l i2an experiment which used radioactively labelled carbon dioxidz9qi, b7vkl2t e (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phln 3khk*ejx1x)6roz izyce 4,+oem found in the stem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration and hydrostaticn0muk-7 h ux)::ghoxm pressure within the sieve tubes near the leaves-hhx0o nmu):kg u7x:m and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressurmto ;lob1;vl4 e in the left atrium, left ventricl41 vll;b mt;ooe and the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies features of sir:9un2 gs btq60wvyu8eve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted into a plant. As0cy ni 0aa*x- 1vpj.mphids have been us0yvpja*m i1a xs0-c. ned to study transport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.