Which of the following does not cause coronary heart disf 7)cxukj,i. nease?

  Which component of blohdzx ;ay, ums 0j*al/ bg+))gfod is mainly composed of water and transports water-soluble substances to differen+0b/, lg; )sda aj*x)gzhm fyut parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a featu81htev:tajpqb 41 um u e9ej44re of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correcxiu:ijpr8pj9 a:+xp 9t for sugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backfl2 *pqzb -m5 kzawmn)yh 4lb:a0ow of blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below0mrm);d y p v55rrhre8, is a species of flowering plant which is often used as a model for theryv805rr)d 5rpe; mm h study of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for the structure and funct,zl wze7(; *swroi,su20 lx rlsgr84 oion of diffeosz w(,0s;r 4orui,l*erlxz g82ws7l rent blood vessels?

  The micrograph shows a t cxaux uzdpm89*/yjhi- 9 9eg0ransverse section through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is q5fqfz03cd8j fsj e(dnf )8)/ 0xbu ulinvolved in controlling the frequency at which it bef8u0qf jn5c8q bdde)lzfuj sf)3(x/ 0 ats?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to measure water uptak i5 psi69x k:ins;4i7 w7ppxefe in plants.ni 7xi9:spk ws5pe7 xiip64;f

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s) is/are trurgonr06 c3un9 ;wwfj;e?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood flow into and out of tp z4 (edku*i1lhe heart? 1e*(pikdzl 4u

  The diagram below shows the structure of the hum. tu8/y zxmx0986xn aisu6zwvan heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped into the pulmsws.r,h 8 fm;jonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated f bo g6:d4zvn1blood from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive proper5 2 el25mbqj5brxw g yycd.87xties of water allow xylem vessels to transport water inside plantsy5bc r5dbxy.mgq2l52 j8x 7 ew.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through duri9.* v0t(df ncwiz)h-fdj*vh lng phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusion on blood pressurb nng/t*8 hic5gr22k : qvpv;3tb* fjwe, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic3t2g vpr:c8g vnjn2*ifbt q;k/5 hwb* tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulanb .kf+4o l;yitory system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structure 8ilc6 wnf8byk 74ene 2of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograph of a cross-sectiouo(xq3( h-4emf eu,gyn of a stem of the m(3 -(hyeqf, xo4gumueonocot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the humvosgy7a ;/ggg8gwe/8c2le o .an heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem of ;ymm x1hr,fbjqg;h3 3the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evapom8,0h1wbjyq n bjy7t2ration of water in leaves have on other parts of a pla w0 8mt1jqh,jy ybn2b7nt?

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and semilunar valves at thj2akftn6 w-e*2wcd4oe point i-2 dfecwk6tja 42*wn on the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively load*8hj9 ip4wpa6d, hv lsed into the sieve tube unaided, before being transported around the w 4d*p pi6h,s9 j8hvlaplant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a :1 jrc9 5hd+) qw *8jdb:3i 0isvdlcsj azk*ixdeveloping shoot taken at 400× mag :i15abxv szk jsdc 0i9)d 3c+qj*rjd*iwh:8lnification.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside xylem vessegbd8bvmymk0 m 8r0(0km1csx r g13ip0ls to be lower tha0 xrbpd 8s0grk3mm8(0 k1vmbcyi0gm1 n atmospheric pressure?

  How are most mineral b6 hc*ai 6bots--i9j gzx*9bt ions in the soil absorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk fa7s*cy :4ly/r9z ptmf uctors and consequences associated with plaque buildup in the coronary ap4l9 c 7ytmyzu/ rs:*frteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highest kej2oo z.e/n;lignin content?

  The graph shows the resu dzh*7n8n bg.*o tqem8lts of an experiment which used radioactively labelled carbon di*7 *.dq egoznbm 8thn8oxide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem and t heo oa::vwvcf r+f.a4861g bphe root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration1 f:(zg,6 cccqri+q 3dv;hbpa and hydrostatic pressure withrig( q: b;pqc3 d,1czvfa+6 chin the sieve tubes near the leaves and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressure in the lee8kdy2***p p fyn; isgft atrium, left ventricle and thnp s*k eify* g82;*ydpe aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identi4.* kk ob3wk*vq6f ygcfies features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids hs80;q+ j35bxbmb hsx tfr7*am ave been used to study transport in pla7s58 srm3*0j mq+bx ftbb;h xants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.