Which of the following does not cause coronary heart 9/oe6xn24;z8 nf.l zc em vygxbz n/2mdisease?

  Which component of blood is mainl ewbolfj (;dizl 6wmc41y -2,+u:a exuaq q0/ly composed of water and transports water-soluble subsbi,ql(z1ue+coau4 w 2;0qeld:y-xw 6/am lfjtances to different parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a feature of phloem?g+jk1;g5(ls, ulbiw):o 5z b djd/ya(+g xawx
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is co/ .f+p9uf b8udp7w tderrect for sugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow racl9z5: ekqiw 2kh x couk9+jb/ 3-e8of blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering plant wswd wcr jug: 1gue6e h* 49ml:9uw)ro3hich is often used as a mo6 43uwds):eug u9rwmjrceo :9 1hlwg* del for the study of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for the structuxc2y,bfv t f6/re and function of different blood vessex6y,2 vbffc /tls?

  The micrograph shows a transverse secxj c y9c,rv,uyjv sf c5510-xption through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heazj 5c 2gnz) 7rsz0krk6rt is involved in controlling the frequency at which it beat50k zs62rc r7gn)zjkzs?

  The diagram below shows a potometer whi )onc6/ iff0(02cxii +fbyf nxch is used to measure water uptake in plants. xfc6cof+0y i0i(nxbi fn/)f2

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s) is/are trkct*pzm97(k -ysg, zl ue?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the directior4 z0gv h(.dben of blood flow into and out of the hear(z. edv g0b4hrt?

  The diagram below shownnd7cheaf h** a/2 bc 0*jh5qmd9jl. ws the structure of the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped into the pulmonary artexqt6 p5 4h4*mov( uw*8tue wulry?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood from the laoal)j dx- 1,0elqsb0ungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem5cr4cyr1 8nwo*w4 hj p vessels to transport water ins hpc8y jr14w5o rcwn4*ide plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through during phloem loadin2a7vkmw5z jp ej:-+ceg?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusion on blo :hi+v2eda,bze qz:h*od pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilld2zhe:iez qbh+a*: , ved into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory system o)fpa+btv gg7a -;g.dkf a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structure of a dnxoo (dnis :fvp0(7-a72ne mheart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograph of a cross-section of a g)*kin 40gxnc stem of the monocot n0 cx4n g*ki)gZea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the human heart.nf/o/x-*/kelc1 pk pj ebxipx5 c14x7


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem of tygd808 djox39p*cq-vp ym 2puhe monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves have on othd 5vyn+p-pnlibu9 lrkiv2a 1m9 :n) c0er parts of a plan)alb 2nvml5+pnp:i9vkc ny ur -d 90i1t?

  What is the position of the atrioventricular andat8v 9pcno34-*f aw(yv w: :;wcdamq y semilunar valves at the point inf p4d 9 ayn cwqo w(;v*:va3wm8:ytac- the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose beif vugh0*)b 6f.hw3uqz6c8xnong passively loaded into the sieve tube unaided, before being transported arounhv0 fbuzgq*o)66cu 3h.8 fwnxd the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a developing shoot takengtu( z.;gvl401 ne xtpt)l(zl at 400× mtle 1pznz.l )xtu( ;g t4g(vl0agnification.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside xylem vessels to be loe 1p4-p k iogj4ydxvevdx8l+o* g,k8, wer than atmospheric pressure?gyp - k* g ,iepd ojke8vx4x8ldo+1,4v

  How are most mineral ions i;o4tk390 ikgk;b-oyj c ( tl;wyrx2 excr2f k5n the soil absorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and conu7me- . zypvbkcm n0-9sequences associated with plaque buildup in the coronary arteries9 0-zn-.mcmyp7vu bek.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is.vswxxo nwfn4 .-t+ z/ likely to have the highest lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which used radioaf+eaj :3ku(tw ctively labelled carbon dioxjwkt ua:e (+3fide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem and the roowend 8oslo 3:9t of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentrathmh3kbws.sq3-3 4 jpw ion and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes near the leaves and rootkshp3b.jw s-hw3q3m 4s?

  The image below represent4j1cwrd g)o4m77caod euus)-d 4p j/ts the changes in pressure in the left atrium, left ventricle am) tr1 j7dwj7p) su44dua4/-oeodgccnd the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies f,**l+x8 yde stgigkk3eatures of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inftfq*1e /ule ,serted into a plant. Aphids have been used to study trans*tl/u1, qefef port in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.