Which of the following dog lulcop01i yy;(e, t5es not cause coronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composeaxoy-j u4q4: -8lwwfe d of water and transports water-soluble substances to different parts qoj y x4wu:4e-fwa-8lof the body?

  Which of the following is/are a feu19,qcn j; e 53 ya 9.vjrtlxa*fryq9pature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is cmd)b 93 tup,. 4wsydroorrect for sugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the bakuh5sk4fag2039+xac+awid i ckflow of blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a speciesfcxq-l1w+8s 0brvrs : of flowering plant which is often used as a model for tb:s8fr lcv 0s1w+x-qrhe study of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for the structure and fu,t ahru: vt4msm,sqag7 l:3n-nction of different blood vem: uq:7 ahrlv-, g,3 ssant4tmssels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse section through a leanh qpbr (zf:* b 2xndi2w(2sm9f.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling the frequenzu8p2m1u) fe wcy at which it beats8ep)1uuzw2m f ?

  The diagram below shows a potometer whic-gq;e1t gdno/h is used to measure water uptake in plants. g; 1d gt/noeq-

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statementd* iq)dpur:3upxc b 76(s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood flow into an*wfdm ujox;- -d out of the heart?jxo ;wm-uf-d*

  The diagram below shows the structure of the huma, b 1 s0x5htki0y0bvkpn heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the he7tbuk d9 e5fn-art is blood pumped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the followinguq(o2z5vo.a80.kz 3lvkyvl )d(sss d carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xy4p*lh7m f1toplem vessels to transport water i o1ppf 4lmth*7nside plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through during phloet5 1f;ybcw k/bm loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation if+efsk ze 4fo;9o *sx3nto the effects of artery occlusion on blood pressure, students set upoo* 3s49efz;ke+ff xs a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below repre zdxfxupt8k 9 /cam6l45pvr/1sents the circulatory system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the stvi s +34/aw9i,v jz6vyfv-ksd ructure of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograph of a crosy 9*dob .hjrfdhv q;i1x86 7jss-section of a stem of the monocot Zea 6rvf*s;d x9.7 dij8b1qhjoyhmays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of thk4egr oxxod2** e70npe human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem of.em;-h pd3-g-ppvz feo4w xyj 1 ym/v- the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves ha eby-d;a;t8n ave on other parts of a plan8;ty; bade-a nt?

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and semilunar valve1o *hj8sbgix ps8 j:+ms at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the lef+bmjis8sg:1* 8 h xjpot ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded into the sieve tube unlbxq*(o 2vmb;aided, befovbq ; l*x2m(obre being transported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a developing shoot8h7+df 2zesbb 9ma*a d taken at 400× magnis8m*e2d7 zh+9fab bad fication.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside xylem+ -8covkk h;n/rndjb4z9v4r x vessels to be lower thankxr+h4dorzcv9;/jnvn k- 8 4b atmospheric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the so kl7agbpve/n jm+i*w6 :x4.ky:lw, i wil absorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences asi1qs.7 j ef,eq 9ljeq )qw8nsl/,gap6sociated with plaque buildup in the ci ee8 q.n)9pegqlqf1w6qs,7/jj s l,aoronary arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highestn j,/eq 31f yji(f 2zni4gr8ej lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which used radfw7/sr(7axgev-9ey b ioactively labelled carbon dioxideeyb-rg 7x/7e 9 vfas(w (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stcskz*7 e z.w-zx7ct7kem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration and hydrostatic pr6*p(9ddm qbtldc 1gh) essure within the sieve tubes near the leahbpq6d *d)gtl(d9 1 cmves and roots?

  The image below represents thel0sdq z3owuvtyb1g0+v5 k* z) changes in pressure in the left atrium, left ventricle and the aorta. o+vg* )zwlbk y vzu 3sq015d0t

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies featuremhf+1ogpt uh41/a:z es of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted into a plas8scgsc;/)af nt. Aphids have been used tscg)as /c8;sf o study transport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.