Which of the following does not camj-nn/*wp y n7m6ov 0yuse coronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water shgo2;ic(wni0ggx fjtq ../+ d fs,h7and transports water-soluble substances to d j7;tf0fwg /ssghg xq. . ioh,2cd(in+ifferent parts of the body?

  Which of the following iasewvkrq f.(jz21sq0 ii;z ;)s/are a feature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar tranya55i jla*k.msport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the nrg0xni5 x+ i9d)*;bqk ifu4k backflow of blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering plant which is often used asq,9xvzu5/-i-tkz eap a model for the study of seed anato-uk-zv, 9qe/axpit5 z my.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not corv5 g ;hh/ vzemim 7q-y4w(3rdzrect for the structure and function of different blood vessz/z3- 7 yigme 5hr4v mwq;(hvdels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse s,-rt9gb 3mk di6tqcs. ection through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling the /a1 )7r +cyymy x4b j0bjvwb(fo-bp1mfrequency at which it beats?jym vr4p co1a0b/ (y+xm-7fbby1 wjb)

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to measure water uptake in pq ;zoweg5fyxzft7/2m:cm : +mlagoxm w: ymc;mzf72/+5 t:efz qnts.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s) is/are truei1elou a jm s-n ib)i,u//c;g)?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following sho1c.z j4)c2fwqla z0ik ws the direction of blood flow into and out of the heart?l 2cw.cj) i0zkf4a1zq

  The diagram below shows mr il c3hhx5 t4oxb)26the structure of the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart :f-9hrsd b l(ois blood pumped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?a prb;z5 i0t * eb7.jwb,fpwc7(m3gdr

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessels to trat og-psgap8 u:jk p jua9(/apb *;5g:hnsport water ins:s;a9 gop:g/ja t( u upph5a*kg-pbj8ide plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through during pyhl d6z5 uxe29:pu- tiedshr:ka-p69 hloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation intol/4j w n1t.osd the effects of artery occlusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travejldsn wt1/o 4.lled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represen 1s-/sm:f bjx i5dvz;*dbh .gits the circulatory system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structure ya-g:/dmh - hqof a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electr g0sl*5j+ ifjhon micrograph of a cross-section of a stem of the mono ij0s+f*l gj5hcot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of tyit4 8nspof 2 4zkddta2js 7jmi4(/ 0ohe human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electronatqg 75hinhvx,5d 5:v micrograph of the stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves have on ot4, rkyq5,g vjkfl;njdrd i84+her parts of a plantfjd+nk ki, rr 5jd;g4l84q,vy?

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and semilunar vatm, v1ip(;zha5 kqbir u8c .-llves at the point in the carmcqvrk t8;i.p 5i1u ah -,(lbzdiac cycle at which the pressure in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being padmxk6 -1ph)wd ssively loaded into the sieve tube unaided, before being tran6m1dwh d)kp x-sported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a developing szuzcg f9p.zj m( 4dfv-8:wt; dhoot taken at 400× mf-tjdu z(4:cwz pmz.;v 9dfg8agnification.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside xylem vessels tohw 7)b* nur+7 iujc0rq be lower than7 hu)crj wu+0nbq*7r i atmospheric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the sjot(w8b i7:9 mr:sz l*mk2ujqoil absorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences a ; ;togqvvr-c*ssociated with plaque buildup in the corotgv -rv;oq* ;cnary arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highest lign2o 8dz rq(np- t d1 ojb/0*/djvyq:rulin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which used radioactivel b1ym3wug +zeuh9/kn (y labelled carbon dioxid u ek+w9(3gzu/n1bmyhe (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in g* 5 .*mi wh0en/rqvutthe stem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute con:yt uf bg1k.q.iz r2v+centration and hydrostatic pressure within the kqzuf i.2y :1g.t +rvbsieve tubes near the leaves and roots?

  The image below represents the chan xk(40bs 3j3n zlp yei/ci89nh/yao)yges in pressure in the left atrium, left ventricle an3y pkyx h8n )4z/a39isiy/jb(nocl e 0d the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies features of sieve tube elementsz2r89m 1p uxku wto8;0rslum5i:cb; v?

  This image shows an aphid with itsp 5q kzgtc:k)pxtn08 vv81 2ds stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids have been used to study transport in )8xkcd v25:n 81kqp zs0t ptgvplants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.