Which of the following does not cause corons,sbnye*v.apg8 v)fza 6m 5e1 ary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly h(i,8kiho8ye rdpa da i (08q86lxes( composed of water and transports water-soluble substances to doy e s8 hlph(((d ria8eda0ki,q8i 8x6ifferent parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/ahrl jqh-ej;e ri +g3/5re a feature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugarp3a gog*.s nvmg4vnp+sx ;whrb*1+ u, transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the u lh1fb :9,czvbackflow of blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering plant which hdnkm-u;6fpm2w 9 553iy fqyt is often used as a model for the study of seed anatomy 5; qhudfm5-ni3 yk6m2fy 9twp.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not c)p9:2bu,v5u4j3l zpupd-mt6cn zq y y orrect for the structure and function of different blood ve yq6pcubu9 tp5nuv pz,:2 jmz-l3)yd4ssels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse section t *9v5j dcson gpszxllmm /;4(6hrough a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling the frequency at whiqywzm3lpej h8k1 1p5,ch it beatwqpp8m1j k,l5e1z3y h s?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which,0u5n6/fyph-fs/7 2orn mltpo hsy /h is used to measure water uptake in plan//m7s 5o2hp ,u6-ynnfp o sy hf0r/hltts.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s) is9qn( c3v k2u jboj6df./are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of b)iz8as10 h,rueay9o y lood flow into and out of the heaisz )0hyu1oa, r a98eyrt?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the human h,n2-yv ov ealb- ng2)9w+pq4plmhyn, eart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is bloodl g *a1;vu(dtr pumped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the followinw cvvc.k*6w .bhg51jvg carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessels to transponz,ldd (n :hj*rt water inside plants(h njzn,* dl:d.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through during phlov.6 bf5zsnn krzg f:v-9./8iaq iyp,b5;voiv em loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlfbgsbyau1 )( )usion on blood pressure, students set u1bub) gsa)fy (p a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory system of a p +g.z6nhwkmzuc5x9+*rhcs)voi8:o 5 )rab b fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows t.9wh lm6q/qb8ie wbte*cb.y 3he structure of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron microgra8 jx9..jkgb kz(rfm jjcl,6 tz51w)v: n3iakiph of a cross-section of a stem of the mow.z3(fja k9zmv :j 6 . cn5xjikiktr,jblg18)nocot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the sga:;5.piy.rb7m vl 50mrdxkn d3xvr ;tructure of the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stb gdfj+;w6(feem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves have on othe ut0 z*mb1xe0w ltia)/uj-gu1 r parts of a plant?a t utumxuize1 w/gj0 l*-1b)0

  What is the position of the atrioventricula+ *atxfc5p*4qd d l;thr and semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the left ven4hlpd*xc*d;5at+f tq tricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded into the sieve tube unaidedfx/nt:x/d.1 1f xzb ix, before being transported an1/ x/.b dt1x:xxifz fround the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vess6c 16s t8 dl2b hgqlmx:sb87f)ua5xkuels in a developing shoot taken at 400× magn xsq 2m6uh88)u7cft6l1akgs b:5x bd lification.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main facoqs3 9ywt lmb;;+fgp /tor that causes the pressure inside xylem vessels to be lower than atmospheric pressure? b fgp;q93soy/+mw;tl

  How are most mineral ions in the sbn:4*zhuf*iwuh.(s8jjo x(gho. e . goil absorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associated with plaque build8l6xl9g : +tnnzsk*3g p3ky ufup in the8 ggyulnsk3 +nt3xf9*z k:6pl coronary arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the followi;5edwpc 3* ci1vxzwh4uvxx 2 7ng is likely to have the highest lignin content?

  The graph shows the res7z8ta 0k yd/dxbfyh4mm9 . 2tlults of an experiment which used radioactively labelled carmt kyxya098 f dbth24/z l.md7bon dioxide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem and the roo rwv atr82lzk4zsv95p8/ 7pjbt of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best representi xt yw-+ ud99jue8e(as the solute concentration and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes near th8ew9 u-x ja eyut9+di(e leaves and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pres eby:pra,4g c,ljhtc* w: o8g/sure in the left atrium, left ventricle and th*cgwp/arte 84,hl ,cbjo :y :ge aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies features of sieve tqk8 -bu2agokij qw06 4ube elements?

  This image shows an aphiq6(xwed: x nh8d with its stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids have been used to study transport in plants8xdxhw(6 q :ne.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.