Which of the following does not cause cnfwwvvn h 1z1 ;:hq/4koronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water and edhp-x/,(s ob. mb lr+transports water-soluble substances to different parts of the bo.m de,h (+ropbs-b/xl dy?

  Which of the following is/3tin kp7--lp rbd 9o.hfli.g6 are a feature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar tr r(llf;y //dtzansport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of blood iopw/z7, *r 6mkm:qr e .ssndfli) 7bp8n a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowerx ;s rklq2n n26(s:xcfnv wa(/ing plant which is often used as a model for the study of seed anatomy.f2 : n(sswlcrx6(/ xka2nq n;v


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for the structue wy f m. m jpj.65o-1d/eg/ib*mnn1(.aviceire and function of different blood oimpi1w1j e /5/.f6c y(*-amegen..nidjbvmvessels?

  The micrograph shows a transvh 3/st--r x+e a; xkvpif8yo.terse section through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the hg ,x b 25czwskk-u0k+reart is involved in controlling the frequency at which it b-+cz k,wu5k2r 0bxk sgeats?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to measure water fxk:kzd 421uym5je + :noi6wpuptake in plank6o:1 4up:dk5wzm ien j2+fyxts.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s)be7(ztdq( pon r vvb 1. 1dt9:5r2 -xrl5bgrvy is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood flow into and out of thec cutr q9l,f(ck g:2d z9p2c5u heart?c,kl uztu (cc 5f2pc9dr9g2:q

  The diagram below showsruo 5kx v-1myo9yg hvzc,78+az o:e/w the structure of the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped int*i 3(alm7jf5 u+cdpaz o the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart t-1ilpwr2. a dz1tz6q?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties ovlpxo-mxi +:;n 7j:r dojrw *:f water allow xylem vessels to transport water inside planto:nvxirlj m7:xp-w* rdoj:+;s.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through def*tynqi9:b4 uring phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of ar4ozfpiq -5yr8 tery occlusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed withqi8y5-4z ofpr a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatoe9x93 d hyif o7.jgak5ry system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows tskgzae 09(2dr z/ )utohe structure of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron mi opi +rm v64,2pb(kd+y.qhb)2yx oglacrograph of a cross-section of a stem of the monocot Zea mays. px ,rmog+yh+2aip( 42 6 b)klo.d qbyv

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structuae6xp2 p;n*je re of the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron microgrbl+nd-u t2z 5o3 4azz4yxiqo;aph of the stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves h9o3ev8t(z83vf veowkave on other parts of a plano3ew3 fv( vt9k8ez 8vot?

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and semilunar valves at )bf4g,fc t50jgl8xm v: owdx)the point in the cardiac cycle at whichx ,mj :v)lfd)fg c5tx 84w0gbo the pressure in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded into the sieve tube :fq(( gh4nmt u(lqwkqw/-xt ixs2;( wunaided, before mxw ik(htnxgl(f;(u4 t-/:w( 2q wqs qbeing transported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a dei9 x 3p6o)w1qyalr:b yveloping shoot taken at 400× mr:6 o3 1y)9lp qxawyibagnification.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside xylem vesselsb3x ztyinhvr 2- 1v.cgnn 0;m2rtr f;4 to be lower than atmospheric pressurebfr 2rn-t 0c rvmt32yzn;;v1x 4g.inh?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil absorbed by roots?g v,fxd( mxaf, w:68zl

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associated with plaque buildu3s/bsfd(u71 j nahc( np in the coronary arteries.(1ch3s 7dja/sunn ( fb

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have thv43 b5rvvbtk -e highest lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which used radioactively labelled/ e;0qhpjps +bn1e5 c c6-zkkn carbon dioxidej 5nc/ze;b ce 6h-pkp +k0q1sn (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem and th 6 qoag6hh9f wfux0 kezuj,;z6o257 ode root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentra3f *7e )ic40c eade6ocb,lcpgtion and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes near the lo4i3ec alf,pbgd0*)7ee cc 6ceaves and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressure in the left at*b j1ddx;- ) he0hufhurium, left ventricle anb;h-0hdx* uujhf)1 de d the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies features of sieve tube elemeigc3lmaa/ jb6 )h rnktz2g4)h .a+w,lnts?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylo h33p kp0v-fget inserted into a plant. Aphids have been used to study transport in plkvfpo3 0h-p3g ants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.