Which of the following does not cause coronary gt*/z 09gzbvtheart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed9q7-b5b*vb.ufzht 6 i roza.h of water and transports water-soluble suib5b 6qz*uavt-9brz o hhf .7.bstances to different parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a feature of phc2jzt43iraof a vd92 wa ;d9s0loem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for soa/ p-*n6rmfuugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of blood in a veds0r t)iz1ocl- ).u6fysffm 2in?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering plant whic2uk-ja7n hod0( jmud 2h is often used as a modej(2a unhdu mkj02-d7o l for the study of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for the structu/gc;du ys+d2j8k u(i* ydja0sre and function of different blood v* as (/02ydi+;yus cd gj8kudjessels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse section through a leafagt 5.lv)gun 7.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved ih 1dp s qwx8rfd61v/lh8r xy5o;4j5c+t)cfzq n controlling the frequency at which it b ros;jc/xxqd p56th8z fyf4)r+11c dw85vql heats?

  The diagram below shows a poto95bjl*4bo, 2p2yk pbuwmh my3meter which is used to measure water uptake in plants. obbu,ph4 bpj5wly3m 2 2ky*9m

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following sta,mba ma17c z0jtement(s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the*gjbhq/1bu0 3ofj fp: n:nk b2 direction of blood flow into and out of the heart?njq uf:fbbgo:b/23 1pj*0 knh

  The diagram below shows the st1)s26rapfe;h. rf)i(diqy hq ructure of the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pum+q 2j(-qcosyn ped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to t3 g 5pr mfq5ivx/r38k ze2rg.the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of wag* /:w kl;61yvrwzoq mter allow xylem vessels to transport wa;r q gkv lw*yw61:mz/oter inside plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through z v2 ud/ay7dpqb5q:7 wduring phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the eff2yf9 lijbw,t ek-m 9*a39hvcl ects of artery occlusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an elec93i9halwj,- ev9t by* fmk2lc tric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the j qii8mpbh:g j.pp ,;w h9i69xcirculatory system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below showsy8ca w;-qs8u h the structure of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph boam 6 gc-d+)9e drtqx2a0 cds(elow is an electron micrograph of a cross-section of a stem of the monocot Zea maysdgqt6od0c sc ()amed -2+ a9xr.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the humanepggc)fkr,cv3l 8(y : heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron microgc: 8b-p6b y3j,uvz jvrraph of the stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the9 q 9b ur-ry+kst 7l/vqfue)v5 evaporation of water in leaves have on other parts of a plan59 b srv)-lye uvkr/qu7+f9q tt?

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and semilunar valves at the poi1nc87p- ujga16r vnzent in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the left ventricle is the 1r7gnz8en c-1uvpa 6jgreatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded into the sieve tubxx8h02f b2nmaf qb39 vmua6k0e unaided, before being transported au2fqf mk3bvxa6xbn 9m02 h0a8 round the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a developing s7+:.gct gzwar*tb ct 2hoot taken at 400× mat 2c w.ab+grt:t7c* zggnification.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside xylem vessels to b mm+o5wflis /.e lower than atmos+5l/w. mis ofmpheric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil absorbhet5lk4(5zgk6r 5g - y,lis1iko x ov/ed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and conseque1u qxe4c;9 f 9hyqyl;vnces associated with plaque buildup in the cor9hqey xlc;qfv9;y u4 1onary arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highes.(:yxm bx id kmm*0,kit lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experime q *p)p9mz78yhh :3dntg7kfwmnt which used radioactively labelled carbon dioxided hm8 tfqg9w*73pnh7k : y)pmz (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem and the roozyneutu 3 6- aok*gelac4/5f+t of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute dukr1:.vx+dx ( myvc 867aalgconcentration and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes near thr +c71dg:ay xdxv 6(mv8klau.e leaves and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressure ,wx7v,b35d4,k g tndroclym ,in the left atrium, left ventot myn4 r,,7gl,x5vd c,dkbw 3ricle and the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies fe.;lelz zow,d6atures of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids have benewhw) 4 )xhx1wuh93 ben used to study transpo43hex9n w)uw )b xhhw1rt in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.