Which of the following does not caub *;5qa v+huy r(pucjlxl+mh:+ z6wo7se coronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly cbbv4r udt)*53g. 2 7kpprhx/ inxyp+ lomposed of water and transports water-soluble substanceskp) b72t43 rxirl+ u g/yxphp5ndb* v. to different parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a feature of phlo8she0 7rlpq ) s0cc2vmufig2x7qm8-hnwx p.7 em?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar transport in phloem? zn5i:*1zlz usx v 4wbyjs .c4cfo21b 9

  What helps prevent the backkcj3no3..vlbh4m td9flow of blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is auhf0ndo ze263 )sm i9k species of flowering plant which is often used as a model for the study oi )knuedo2f0 93mzsh 6f seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below iuho(s 5qxq7oc)t(3pvusv 03 is not correct for the structure and function of different blood vessels7) t0 x5(qo( ss3vuv3couqiph?

  The micrograph shows a transvers ag:yl2s.6-a ;gjccv77eofmo e section through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling the fre-9r)kxar luw2 quency at which it beawkrl -u)rx a92ts?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to measure wnmgl7mz 2*lrs bf0rfc, 9yr3 6ater uptake in plants.n2ym f6,r7 9fbl*gmsr0zc3lr

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statementk1s 9lv+9eu- :gtkl n4pa/h 7sp9nbik(s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the directir.ib7clm )/b son of blood flow into and out of the hear.b /ibrm)l c7st?

  The diagram below shows the stq-0 h+n ()hclepjh6 k4u5ahjwructure of the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped into i-b 3)kum ;litthe pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood frompnky0 069gsmi the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow/diwvn u65 hkq6g4si/ xylem vessels to transport wahn5di6sqi/ 6kw4 gvu /ter inside plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass 6v;yh s 60kibid2tc-mavab- 6pi ;vy*through during phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation in ,n-woe m5y( qyh l+3(gkzhs8wto the effects of artery occlusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelhm weyyg5 sh+-q3lnz ,k8((owled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents theehk+ zs-f 1e wqsri-2u:me2e8 circulatory system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the struw1fqv p 6yg*:0e7eyfskkiu +.cture of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below i6r+dt:f+stq gm h5wm,s an electron micrograph of a cross-section of a stem of the monhw + rg+sm :f,m5t6qdtocot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the struhgj, t+gqn klyg6. 9)zcture of the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem of the mon8 g*derqu9+zyhg/n(f ocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in3wku ,2p7m8 ncoc,82uxhokfw leaves have on other parts of a plank cmfop28 ,8w kcw o,27nux3hut?

  What is the position of the aob(d) mw;n6j);s i o74bsndfitrioventricular and semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the left ventricle is the grea( ));d4mifis 7 ;onsnbo6db wjtest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being pasv.*pj ;3-an;cjy knzw6g la 29 ns2ovosively loaded into the sieve tube unaided, before being transported around the ag39an2; lvc6.o *;jn2jszvw ky-o np plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a developing shoot taken atgrh1 x4h8* k)a)id:*kvorvn v 400× max*ohadvrk*v4 gh: ki)nr v18 )gnification.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that cau8g8kny 4j9k cuses the pressure inside xylem vessels to be lower than atmospheric pressu kgku49yc j8n8re?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil absorbed by roots? n4c4rx9egtu1ed5, /uu : cbnw

1.Outline the risk factors 4/ioaatxe iabj ,)8-m and consequences associated with plaque buildup in the cobx8 )/eoiji a4ma -,taronary arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highest lignin contewugj)v gt25 x+xq-, bsnt?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which used radioac6v),np ;zvznxxv+f( 12b x yagtively labelled carbon dioxide (14a2),(g pznvny+xzfbx 6;v x1v$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the ph/6 rpgim( 7to9gshb*tloem found in the stem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration an wd f/rql gw*:xp25-jed hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes near the leaves5 l/p2w * jfr-xgqwe:d and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressure in the left atrium, lghbj f/y 4hbi:d*+os2*jba);q i uq i5eft ventricle a:)/bdi 4u5h ;2+qbbaf*hj y*io j qigsnd the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies features of sieve tube4 ss ;:jnx1sy.+ shhdzbg 7uh1 elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet iyr.jb3 x* - wb)8 u7ifx)hetzynserted into a plant. Aphids have been used to study transport in plantsrj*ywi fb etyxb8u)7)zh- x3 ..

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.