Which of the following does not(8-hqd e4aj3f 4cxmnf cause coronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood il2pcxu)04 m mlfof4/us mainly composed of water and transports water-soluble substances to different p/llf4 )mx of0umu4c 2parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a feature of. f.ce1an 6qli/1tztbvt 1oh. phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar th1 h9bgy wt+2 e,d wqau-0es9grzx2 s1ransport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of blood in a veipt2hjo yk,m *2;5vlia n?

  Zea mays, pictured belo (3s gt6ex) fub-ulq8hje) pk;w, is a species of flowering plant which is often used as a model for the stud(lsuex b8k g upqe 36ht;f))j-y of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table bel8v9f2kcyjk ,ije* l gc +,/ thmiw(nu8ow is not correct for the structure and function of different,c2l w*vi (kmhy,8i tgn8kuj9c+fe/j blood vessels?

  The micrograph shows a transvery* k) r*aaka4y6;w5+ octtsxf se section through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling the frequ*llky9he. q.n .+lj vtency at which it bea*hv .l+lqlk j.. yent9ts?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which islv07nc u7a 7 w-bf*udw used to measure water uptake in plants. b7a*n-lfdwv u77wcu 0

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s) is/a);,a//x0hmfykg6kii;z t mm7 dbde8dre true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood flow into and out ym472bvd-n99 wgkm8x9gzsec of the hearskg9xd849 c2nzvmw-be9 g7ym t?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the humaeg-gu/h i ry6fkc+)+5wtmx;k hm2x :tn heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is iy jeehu q)x1*u e5gj99t79frblood pumped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated bl e,m 5:dufgc-good from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vesselp +)3lpln :u)/pkt55hgi np jls to transport water inside plants. 5up3)l+)pj/nl5 gh plkn:itp
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does (s,/ae8xxyw+4yxm be sucrose pass through during phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects5pv1bs q 0mgd) of artery occlusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber1qbd)vp0g ms5 stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory system 62lcrng9zr h 1of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structure of a heartz)kh z v+a+cqx9q*+ ne.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron m67 yyhkc7 2a.m mq* hpegaeh3;icrograph of a cross-section of a stem of the monocot Ze7 .cg7h;m 6pqykm aeah*e2 h3ya mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the humann5,q jm/*at+ ayebyf3 zbm,g( heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem of the monocot Zea ph (vkf;q;-zq)tgfts4+qtbt ( v)bj4 Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the/b:j+- grry8faa5v u m evaporation of water in leaves have on other parts of a plant?+8a5arfrv:/g- b juym

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and semilunar valves at the point i2fzv rz/7tn0 f3/yoimn the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in /0v7fz oz/frm3n it2 ythe left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being pas,ygnniw2eo7 rq: 6 w9ksively loaded into the sieve tube unaided, before being transpor97ieww n2oqkrng6y, : ted around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a developing shoot taken at mch r zglv/95 g8lgu903sh2wnc +j8we400× mgw3/ 9l8g0rljn m28ug c5 +zcweshhv9agnification.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor th*dt 0ccbrj20qat causes the pressure inside xylem vessels to be lower than atmospherb*0d 2tr 0jccqic pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil absorbejuj v*2:rjs:i d by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associater-xi/kqu g6 a3d with plaque buildup in thea rxi uq/3kg-6 coronary arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following ld .dl+ic4u k4(8zbbfb4q gs )is likely to have the highest lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of a+a7a + zc a6dn*fgy1*baw7x okn experiment which used radioactively labelled carbon d ayg z6 bfx*dc7*o1a+a+kw 7naioxide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloemhku;; 1 tu:dgb found in the stem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration and hydroheaz2h1/q: rl6. 2g h okj2lqostatic pressure within the sieverlk2he.:hq6lo h jzq/12ao 2g tubes near the leaves and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressure in the left atrium, left ventkgeigp:a4yaa kd/:,je 1zs3o:x6yg / ricle a1 ,g4 3g:/pkdge/iae: a yyojkz6:xs and the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identif:wb 9g5gjbudn*sa+:u4k(qo hz/e) p sies features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted ih5upvwmhplbm31*/(84d/ mqjg p 8gegnto a plant. Aphids have been used to study transport in p*gg145j/ ppebh 38(wq mg8hplmvdm/ulants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.