Which of the following does not cause coronary hear-e6f o 26k7pls ugv.f1npuqq0 t disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed otnsvfu+(ei)r+y9 p)x f water and transports water-soluble substances to diffe+ 9nyt+)x evups)fri(rent parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a feature of6s, 6 beghhhitddo(2*6aq8bcv j gcnb:4h d*8 phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar tra0f+u1z:e tkf pnsport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backow ,f7,g cm/suflow of blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering plant whic 4;zpz9re nv u(1ogufiw30w6xh is often used as a model for the study 9;ie 06vz onxu 134(wwz fpgruof seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for the structure and function of di zov1j5o55n jwfferent blood j5jo55 zwvo 1nvessels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse section through a leaf/ tsv:q6a yzc4p(r 6wt.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling the frequency at wsrgm8pm5mr0(j.q rz /hich it bmj5rr gqmszm8p(0. /reats?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to measure water uptake in x8dp)1wkne,z *6 iras plantss 1zxa) nrep*id,6k 8w.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following (x4./ ftbtsdp statement(s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood flo c u y6(9h2r*0uo(f s-wkyyxcvw into and out of the heart?c yfw*h62uyc(ros 0 yvk-9x( u

  The diagram below shows the structure of the human heari7 mx1 zgb2t a/cny5q-t.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped into the pulmonary a6aai/c z me,tfo; 3-rbwjn n/+rtery?

  Which of the following czzi 3(nxq)v f0arries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessels to idof l4e80 c+ nqc/hg3transport water inside +f8ecog 0/4qd3hc lniplants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures doeb,3n) univgpr;buj/b 9;ll ;gs sucrose pass through during phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation int 8.a)ji*czyf9skbu5 mo the effects of artery occlusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distanc) bf 5i89* am.jyskczue the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulmoti/ 4qksf 7ed41ij9atory system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the struc i23nrym3bo5gg+ g+* hswy2gmture of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron microgra.ti bi 5pi5/twph of a cross-section of a stem of the monocot Zetii p 5ti/5w.ba mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure ofje 62 u-eh:uzoa;urxz2np2 ;v the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of thj/1 zygn l* woj5tno /g1* dot12,hqfae stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of watmrte4bczp8vv4 2,7r;gh7yjd 1kx wq9er in leaves have on other parts of a plan2xgw4v; 4p8 tqb1yjv 9m7h,7erckzd rt?

  What is the position of the xp:8br 7vvz ksy xpvb9(,0v;k atrioventricular and semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac csxbby p0kp(8 vvr7 9;x:,vvzk ycle at which the pressure in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passivel0nk;cz(p0hdc z q8e o7y loaded into the sieve tube unaided, before being transpoe8 d7ph(;0nzkc0q zc orted around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem p )ohw7ho dzjgp gyvx6ewt2i;06i60. vessels in a developing shoot taken at 400× magnifo0y0jx62i67 t o6ew hpp.zd wgi;v h)gication.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside xylemzvv1485 nn97u lumdvs vessels to be lower than atmm 7zvv4nv1859ldu snuospheric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions c89m: 8 is:-qvqqy*a l (.enkekvss*ein the soil absorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences assoumqmp 4w iih6t zo/0, 9k7h8vmx+a5 ekciated with plaque buildup in the coronary arteries. ei7 8h+mk,o4w 0m q tuix6zmap/95vhk

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highest lignin conu ;wb:o j2a4tiw/i/y jtent?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which used radioactively labelled k:x z3sfy35kau*n su8 mwps;0 carbon dioxi:ukaps8msz* 35 s x0;kynfuw3de (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found ap hkna046zk,in the stem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration and hydrostatic pressure withlktkg*l,3 3*xxgq 6s pin the sievgt*3qkx*3gsk6p x ,lle tubes near the leaves and roots?

  The image below represen6g.x oqaxlnxb1mz4l1+sh7d -q 5nw+ its the changes in pressure in the left atrium, left ventricle and the ao1lx on q51+haq4n+zibds 7xlmxg w.-6 rta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table coi a72npl0 3yhvjl3i)x rrectly identifies features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stygejamjyw; k7 37ue5 k0let inserted into a plant. Aphids have been used 37 5egka0 em;wjyku j7to study transport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.