Which of the following does not c b v05rc us7sos4/3wccause coronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainl ou2mb,0e u38myaacte i6 k*ih,g xt3,y composed of water and transports water-solublaci*0 tui,,uya,3 egmmkx 23 8eot6bhe substances to different parts of the body?

  Which of the following isl(a/ zbmzrlah dc 5w-8s84on3/are a feature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct )yp+ 2v -lguojfor sugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of blood in 1an;2yit v1 0ao5o zfya vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering plant which is often us6s28.t: 7 *d 4njvsiq a.b3kz svnllgaed as a model for thea 4 n 36:2t d7l lsbg8.k*zajvivns.qs study of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table beb7 3q:ua7+gee lg0i kllow is not correct for the structure and function of differ+kl0gl g e:qi 7ebu73aent blood vessels?

  The micrograph shows a transvezj3w2 yt 0xxsx.4 0gzorse section through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in con51:ugz zhlva 5xa+: a*w9mnuttrolling the frequency at which it beatu nawugx:9z5 amlv+51h:a *tzs?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to measure waiu7r3zbi b0r )k qfi47ter uptake in plants07iq) ur k4zir b7b3if.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(vr8emz/r 4mn/ s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of (n;zgv:81nijd zash3blood flow into and out of the heart?g8 nj i(v;zhs3az1 nd:

  The diagram below shows the strug z6-r- obpxha3weniw h)4a. ,cture of the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped(: + ab/;*ynuclfwj pp into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the followi fg8d bic5bz 4+:rs( , chdp:awip,7tlng carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesivyjfg 8q 3d,np*e properties of water allow xylem vessels to transport water inside plantsygnd,fq8j *3 p.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through during phloem loa9: a6pq,jso kfdiz )w0ding?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusion on blood pr/w)2lccc rtbl:q4qsa: f:7 /makeb5 messure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled in memc/)qlkc2:/:asc :atb rqbf l7w54to the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represe64fks86 9v qgf(c*g lnyahcx, nts the circulatory system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structure of a heaka+5jy+a(8:pm l iff()xgt pq rt.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograph of a cross-section of ao+5zyuhwx c72 stem of the monocot c2zwh5 xu 7y+oZea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows theh:*.jvrgb1h va-s 90zem( eoy structure of the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem of the monocot2m(e bh yaty16 Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves havezh. y.x)o* rw/ kmy8ra on other parts of a plar8xzyh .a.w r*ky/m )ont?

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and sem(5r7pqid(yh6u.e/mw d e ,uqrilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cyeq(y7 r d.qiupm w6,r/d5e hu(cle at which the pressure in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded into the sieve tubewc h75lxj8 l0s unaided, before being transported s7 wx0l5c hjl8around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows sa e+6c+b5 a3mj6ch9l:vayp q the xylem vessels in a developing shoot taken at 400× ma +s6+3ah :6 q5pymavc9jebla cgnification.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that ck94kpcrq*kt+k ((s- tugnkq;(dh1ftauses the pressure inside xylem vessels to be lower than atmosp-kkt49 dtkqfh (g(+ k;rp1(cntus* qkheric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the s nxz5napj; or2q)s gv.w v)f.4oil absorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associated with pl5:a2* -o6yebve-sx00iopylo,h n pu raque buildup in the coronary arteriespsr yhxiln-02p5*-oo u6oe ab e0:yv, .

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highest lignin xef8lhft). :4t8svy m content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which used rad3wm u4 .bdidv.ioactively labelled carbon dioxide (14biwmdu d34v.. $CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the st ek26(dd f pbfc7g)alk7rnp(3em and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute ccl7 g qa4 xhk6kcu:) - g8.frxk(tl3oponcentration and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes near the leaves and roots?qg 3x-6rk ch:uck 84g)7 klt.x(floap

  The image below represents the changes in pressure in the vv)l 8*7vrb qkleft atrium, left ventricle and the 7k8*b)vqlr vv aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies features of sieve tube elements? vk.)pmikn9 *l

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids have be1 b16k* vlxrpoc;axx 4en used to study transport in paxlrx x;1pv 4boc1 k*6lants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.