Which of the following does not cause coronary hearpfs. t+hdt*56 iyq9)mj7r.vvvhur - yt disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water and transports water-solufq9 qdb2lk- s 2qg. kh/nsw9+lble substances to diffefqbq 2+/kh2l-w s.k n 9gdlq9srent parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a e4r;;l4a/) uc o4+wiv sxgqlyfeature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for 0rpc8cx, fhhhma x c//+l2 jr31j i9o12 uvhtlsugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of bloo7 i td0,iog;udttij71 d in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering pla5x4lc cybk kql,u/ (3ant which is often used as a model for the study of s/axy q k,ulbk45l(3cc eed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for the stru0wt*um ow;d*y cture and function of differemtywd o0** ;uwnt blood vessels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse section thro 6u m8t9nrgz1uugh a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is ij,7 3jubsbllv/ 31r minvolved in controlling the frequency at which it bea,/iu b7jvrj1ms l 3b3lts?

  The diagram below shows a potometew al6gtqap i8fz6oz1t82d 8 +er which is used to measure water uptake in plant z2+w 86l aod qaf81tp8zg6eits.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s) is/are true? mxtj 85z462p/xqrz qd
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood flow into and out of the heda,qn ;*lj pul/hei n cbn6 r);gel54-art?cj4i*;a6/ 5un)lgp-qrbd nele;l,n h

  The diagram below shows the structure of the pudrbawg +*h8a9j t8/ human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped intu.p5p 3hy 6nhpo the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carr4y3;hk9piyxw , ;8gx8/wc+ ytlbzk rbies oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessels to transpor5wv*cm j4n 19ut6(kq8bjv j* qpqvkl9 t water insi4*jw 1qmk u*6qjbpv9l8qk9 njvt(v c5de plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through during phloem loading? g29aj d0itb/m
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusion 90eh,;7(tnvbm qs gjh u1-/jnib 0sk lon blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tbulj/h7 hes0g nv9; - mtni s1qjk,b0(ube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory syst mb*md,ew* ts2isd ;3vem of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows thetm( .wcq)6 wjp structure of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograph of a cross-sectfg1x3i6;r i epion of a stem of the monocot Ze p6;1egii3frxa mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of6n- i7or se; dv-wfx1i)*clp -h*cokn the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem o04 g9irpms ksj7 msg;zcgutdq.*:b6 + f the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves have on ot,m5 /ji bapj1 m*3tmfdher parts of a planjmd3m jtb*,1apfi/ 5mt?

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and semilunar valves at the point ibbwhag22.7( dmh a2a*. ui iein the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the left ventricle is the greates7iuhaia2wed2 b*.hbgi(2ma. t?

  The diagram shows sucrose being pa ,, u-yhll9gcizb:u/ (8sipd* hd6yhkssively loaded into the sieve tube unaided, before being transport-k/d*c h9 :uld8(hygsu6bzhpl yii ,,ed around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a dc ,+mqs mm:1sreveloping shoot taken at 400× magnificatis,cmmr +1: qsmon.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure i zn:8ta::01)pqq q uwylmrwq7a r)y4 ynside xylem vessels to be lower mqrq0 a 4 aqnw8yy: qyl):p urtw:17)zthan atmospheric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soibx- +/czh *ylwl absorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors andyuc 6,cw. s-iw consequences associated with plaque buildup in the coronaicww c6y-, u.sry arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highest ligni( +m ive96wyl(mbij s)n content?

  The graph shows the resu.qmg*oxo 7btbg*( 6c5 kuo)ahlts of an experiment which used radioactively labelled carbon dioxidex qgbou) 5 6c.gob(7kot* amh* (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem f8ftpb ae-a. 5y2ham64h(ltv sound in the stem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute conj40uigc eb-dyv1.qra/ e1* ypcentration and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes near the leaves yd-a/c 1*0ygpui 4jr1eve bq.and roots?

  The image below represents tt8kx xkq 6s2a:, wvyp-he changes in pressure in the left atrium, left ventricle and the aorwp-8 ,kqysx:xatkv6 2ta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifiwss p(6f4/ir aes features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted into a plant.)z8e smu.0up z Aphids have been used to study t .zsp0e8umuz )ransport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.