Which of the following does not7z+mvzfk0 b s. cause coronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mai/; n 161epkwzb2z07wjfsbm dsnly composed of water and transports water-soluble substances to different parts of thed fmp/1 kbwe0 szw261z s7nb;j body?

  Which of the following is/are a febvgxgi-;c48 g:5 tm)p)9nvlemxu5ic ature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar transport in ph2.li 5; u, knsrc6sxxploem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of bloo 9l8u.6bphqypd in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering plant which is ofte hiobvbb s6e atg)*2/(d;2pfvn used as a model for the study s;b 6 ta2/d(2v ) vobipe*bghfof seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not corre j*hxrs fup.1l ;s+)pf-meap7z i: is2ct for the structure and function of different bpfx+pp.ji:zarlf 1)s* 7-smi2 ;eush lood vessels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse section)k gbcng*ldw0c3 re( 5 through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling the frequency ato4sak 6w.k bc9 which it beatkokc.94 b6sw as?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to mw:/uejm24opd )y .m(iqr8 ugp7sj :sz easure water uptake in planturmq.dwi o8z:)y:4sj p p2 mugje/s7(s.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statemenffr:e oj wi,98t(s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the bs0p zuf5;3f : enqaf(wn83zn direction of blood flow into and out of the heart?:esa(ffn z0 nbn3 5q pzwu38;f

  The diagram below shokd(z1 rv,0wqkf,eyg7 ws the structure of the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped into the pulmonary a5 tmw5agi oi(-rtery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood from the lungs td5f ;+rr 6ylboo the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of w xsl0ay)t.* ttater allow xylem vessels to transport wx )talty0 ts.*ater inside plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass throug rcv3r2 g/5s(2 1 gugh*actgsth during phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusion;g,u ui6 48(ts u(n pfvqjb;kj on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fq bj(4i;s;u8kputu( v6fng,j ixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory system :2eefp+9 rsd:+ab.khmhn-n9tj r 3jp of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the noo bgufeg *t:(6p 9:ostructure of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron mic2o( br1f8m0iq /theqg.2if qb rograph of a cross-section of a stem of the monoci tqbh2fq2/.me b0r8oqf 1i(got Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the struc0(9n tum(-m nogcwlj4 ru4w q0ture of the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron microgrshh9.q(rlo c ,aph of the stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporati1hskx9 1kmi* xon of water in leaves have on other parts of a planhk1 x1* 9ixmskt?

  What is the position of the atriovec 8( nquj5g0gentricular and semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the u8 g(qnc0g5e jpressure in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passr5/ej2b yucx4 fbj/,eively loaded into the sieve tube unaided, before being transport4 x5c2 fje,erjb/ /yubed around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels iu def2*go07gq n a developing shoot taken at 400× magnd 7f*g0qo2egu ification.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the 3iw ;w nleoxw 0.,g54 xwuxrq4pressure inside xylem vessels to be lower3qwi xl4rx ,xwonw4e;50wu g. than atmospheric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions intmpc(r,l a1r7nn :h:jxz6 o:d the soil absorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and cnltzqpc4x i:/;n68ysp a (16nx 0dszronsequences associated with plaque buildup in the cor n4a:1 ip8qxs/p( nn6lztxszy;d 6r0c onary arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highest lignzsz fo)9zyg4z/-os)frm-rz od* -m/zin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which uis ,ujz7qh)uzcy*: -ased radioactively labelled carbon di)7u- cj,u zyiszhq *a:oxide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found inzc:8ucd j 7eh/:ji vp4 the stem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solut0fj*dn6mlt a- n 1s)vze concentration and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tu *nln 0a61tzv dj)mf-sbes near the leaves and roots?

  The image below represkngzk ) l7 x(4m;juts 5,k+7w rmqv/tyents the changes in pressure in the left atrium, left ventricle and the (t+knr 7);kt ,yj 54gmmzlx7w qu/k vsaorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies features of sie;40cg)z8 7i9d iq-bw vwvrnko ve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserx *ya*a0kv hm+ted into a plant. Aphids have been used to study transp0xh+m v**yaa kort in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.