Which of the followinwm y qb; 7.hn/;d(ukf8fxrnus c 0 yb7uq0w2;rg does not cause coronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is maih*phuqo9 (1fh nly composed of water and transports water-soluble substances to u1 (hh*ofqph9 different parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a featurebtcn6zd:9ocn+r:sa/ us,hxbm4u9q9 of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar tr 3c*wf4a 3mqgzn bdd49f4stql -jsr 4atsv1:+ansport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of blood in a5g+v hh9tlwka.dx7 5epa1;3e1 xb fg m vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering plant which is often used hk0w2gp3lk4dar/q4f n3 5 tebas kf4q 24d3hw5nrklga 3bet/0pa model for the study of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table belhyxri4zl6gvn 6b4de(gh.r jgc 8 k*0* ow is not correct for the structure and function of different bloodrhzi k b6**80nr 4e. cl(6d gjhgxy4gv vessels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse senx2geqi;ak o/l ar z;l4 uh.5-ction through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart r5+ufnpean8p w3 q65fis involved in controlling the frequency at which it beats?n p5 aur+86ff 53qenpw

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to measdww+(z ; y5,in)sdt wxure water uptake in plant(d nsx)yd;w ,+ztww5 is.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s) is/are t u.+m vhvsv6(rrue?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following 8)ftj ve,rpz/idj(3j shows the direction of blood flow into and out of the hea/,3j8e(zdfvj )ir jptrt?

  The diagram below shows thetprk ms088ff3gxh-m9 structure of the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the*tb58l 4rhi.tor g a;r heart is blood pumped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygsz,zh;vt u3eb x+(dn.enated blood from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive propere)3 ;lop7or jfdaj7r) i.n :noties of water allow xylem vessels to transport water insinn: jd);7o ar7 jlpr)3feoio. de plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through during /wlje++ 97zy (mulip pphloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusion9.l a+mk hr*q/ymer f; on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. mq+lr9ymh ;r .ef*k/aA single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the cwit addu3- m d(0/3jmmirculatory system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows t f8 jw9w-sx)-,n qo uuypgp+x*he structure of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electro5,qjuefls.8o5fna8p s+ nej/ ; yz2kjn micrograph of a cross-section of a stem of the monocot Zea mays. 2ja ejye5fu s5kn,/ l8.8; jzfo qns+p

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the human heart. at nfib.g1 9+b


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the sxw8wiw*)+v2wm :ylx *w d,oam6yhmv 9tem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation o4u. e4 .q:q,tstv /cx;g)s7ed ivxzrof water in leaves have on other parts of a planzi d4ug)vt./xevc4sex r:7,s. qq;o tt?

  What is the position of the atrioventrin ++2wzbe 05d g/eqdxgcular and semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the ed/eg2+q dx05n zgbw +left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows suc/tg h(b)n72kk4 z0cu s . gvm-g5czdaxrose being passively loaded into the sieve tube unaided, before being transported around nxv(mst az0 z4 cc kgg2gd7 ).k/-hb5uthe plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vesse2ef kanusu ./v(b2r9ols in a developing shoot taken at 400× magnu9abofv nkrse u22/( .ification.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pr *n7nqy93(dai2wxsmd4 4tpgp essure inside xylem vessels to be lower than atmospheric pressudaimpspg*94nn2(td 4yw 7 qx3re?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil absl(kfk2ztx4 vg*8.jm gorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associated with plaq/ch5hk +c8nt vue buildup in the coronary arteries. hkn v/ htc8c5+

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to x,vrpd:*b j4+ic 3m cvhave the highest lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which used radioactively lab lhhio6n0e;r) elled carbon dioxi0)enloihr; 6hde (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem founduih 6uw/d 41 yfuvx x;r+3(o89kpn gin in the stem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentr j t iw ;qix-gp-taif86ntu-)/ation and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes near the leavua8)-tt ifj/ pqx-6nt wg-; iies and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressure in the left atrium, left ve+99: 0ju yd:w hdza;ncubk em6ntricle and the aortb;+myucd:dzek 0 hn 9jwa6u:9a.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table coaiacf8 gzt 6 7n;il:44 k(a)vfzzs g:prrectly identifies features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with it4a6w4u ztesw0vtyw3s ;+ n :ri4sebp.s stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids have been used to study trt.46z; ui:bn ssvwwesy4 e0awp4+3transport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.