Which of the following.w ymzlw (qdly2pf)o28-zz1v does not cause coronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed id+rv -(1ujw vof water and transports water-solubldvj1vu wr-+( ie substances to different parts of the body?

  Which of the following kr6i k hmk+f5v idq6vlv u u;,qz7xh0,g(/qo8is/are a feature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the tab-;tmdnq0gr5 ,2geokn ssca0w. 8,mk dle is correct for sugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflohbfpdcy 4s.p +oq.mumko866+ w of blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering plant which is a7hn0tq kv :hcjy3*3noften used as a model for the stuanh :0yh*tjqv n337c kdy of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for the structur duud3vsp,49teyxsd+17er4 qe and function of differentex7dup ys +,34dd1uveqt4s9r blood vessels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse shl5i-p hpci. a4 (6-jaov sk; i5jmo8yection through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the h ryzd 6h6,8+rr h*pecteart is involved in controlling the frequency at which it beats?r *rey 8 ,t+drz6p6chh

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to measure water uptake in plajyg1 3x zv8ueb(j-(ton8xt1o -(zujybv (3 egjts.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statementmm-kn)1tpo. e (s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows mvgq v*8c9z.5o cker:h b9v/uthe direction of blood flow into and out of the heart?bz9mh :v/k cgr8 v. 9ov5qc*ue

  The diagram below shows the structure of the humangl7zb;+ m;) 0 dndssfo heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped into the pulmonia4 b)+2e.3zfejly lrary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to tp cr +xbu4sj*07niai+he heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessels to transpa gh0ckaa1zp5 n0liz-.,h 5qzort water inside plants.azlz,khg.0za5 q p5ih -a10cn
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does s/6gf9 -+anha a s dk/uaa.u(rzucrose pass through during phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the ef6. f0iurcc ik -a0(sha4aq2hnfects of artery occlusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled i -fh2qcc( .i460siaarau0hn knto the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatsnkf- j8+z/ dvxj9z/bi + yb*kory system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structure of a hear5jpfn7 ,tdz.4 j95sownhxz k:t.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron m (yirj.kev d22icrograph of a cross-section of a stem of the mdvek r j(.2iy2onocot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the str )2vi3czut11c av cxc2ucture of the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of hb6in.e82knd j6c 9zno nz8m8j3(m zk the stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of watevt+/1b3i 3n;sqnwn odr in leaves have on other parts of a plantnv1nd3o;3qwin b+s /t?

  What is the position of the atrioventu2 2.1uklob2rlwa 8xnricular and semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the left ventricle is thelb ow2uarx82n.12lku greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded into the sieijbf 3hmdj vz*rw a.416n4 ;t74rqikzve tube unaided, before bea w6k74rzq;j*vdr4fb1 t.jnzhi 4 i3ming transported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a developjncbmv x0(kmzi *r;fdr5/ q;bq *o/w6ing shoot taken at 400× magnifij;mv oqwfk b5r(/x0i 6bd*c *n qz/r;mcation.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor thae+,7*; lmw; cmokzia ut causes the pressure inside xylem vessels to be lower than atmospher* mlm;zce ,w+u7koai;ic pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in tps1 h3uwd jq:0he soil absorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associ ayzlunmw p3 )e8a4dmmy4**+bated with plaque buildup in the coronar lbam*+*dua4ne43 )m8yzp wmyy arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to havfpk gn*6k9u-j d./loa e the highest lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which used radioactively label;p8n7 a ;hrtcgled ca;tprg; 7a hc8nrbon dioxide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contra /wmo.o ;tj )jsndmxl9mxyt237t4u 9 d) iro4dst the phloem found in the stem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentrationf-zb eerd 7p v5)d ,fjdn6b0 ,w0oea)srw38wt and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes near the leaves a6bft,pr-dd)v b3se enw8w7 o f5d0wrje )az0,nd roots?

  The image below represents the changes in p 4m) :klifed*hzxz,yu 5(nf5o ressure in the left atrium, left ventricle an)mf(zz5:iy oe xnd, 5*klu4 hfd the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies features of sieve tube element( / le9g1o.q,3 7mhn ymvo4ex slhmq z*.ozm8ts?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids havexh5u jq)0 :pj:gl7ik2 3cpbh- 8vwdjz been used to study transport in plw z:juk02q )jl3h pdji -cvpb:xh7 8g5ants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.