Which of the following does not cause coronary heart dislh;xdmd 5 (ru 0/efkcma52kq 7ease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water and transpor* h+ps *ip)x g+9neyiats water-soluble substanc)n *gis9e+ xhpp*+ iyaes to different parts of the body?

  Which of the following npwe8 .xo* m9iis/are a feature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is corre9ezx 9ipm. p9vx;efg, ct for sugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent thez+ye,uy8f1( lu x g0xu-0itdv backflow of blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, kb0dzwszj ; khp*foai sy 9)4*lz2,q+is a species of flowering plant which is often used as a model for the studyaq9)p4z2kdhkw o+0j ;bsz *slziy,f* of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for the82o ne 5epnc6g structure and function of different blood vessels? 28n 6ep5egcno

  The micrograph shows a tra(fr0g v) ya(gtnsverse section through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in cont. j/c9upn7yqyj /izkrmv 3(.yrolling the frequency at which it beats?.p.jq 39y7/(kin yv/ru cmyj z

  The diagram below shows a potometer vi1lej eyxyt,:4 pu3la+43b ii.n +hg which is used to measure water uptake in plant,+ i4 j.auxyvei14+h :3t3enig bpylls.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s) i; dl9rulv kyrcq8vs-u1 h(39cs/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood flow into and i 2fs)koc 8uoewt;e)0out of the heartk;e 80oo)e) 2wctfius?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the human heah,mljuf8+ l1n,xi2q r lg .f-hrt.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pu5.hjih*f h l7 y/grwq/y2w7 oqmped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated9oq jwv/1xlwo6n l5 /x blood from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhe(:rcs3)(xcfra5yoe eveg y ;)ul iw77 sive properties of water allow xylem vessels to transport water insidcfex):g)uia3 owy7 cv7r ;r5s (ye(e le plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass t,ve z:nop31ed*,snj t hrough during phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of a2 qpr ko )v65s:;)zb8zfxcto krtery occlusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water6)zo:s ; kx8rq t2c5zp)kbvfo stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represent1x 5jvb0ix z.hs the circulatory system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the struc rujbj ,fbg.h4m6 /lza qjxnx7+1n.auz1x( q6ture of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograph of a.l;tz 5wx 8 cy+b nk9/hgf;nts cross-section of a stem of the monocot Zea 9ln5yw ;c xb+nsf k8zg.t/t ;hmays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the humq- q.oi //qf8zkhmr0oan heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem of m0d-fd v:c ;fethe monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves have on otu+ h8wa y el+jqer86b4her parts of a plan y qh aue8bjr6+8le+w4t?

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and semilunargu0 v nw f5-s;.9sjbem: czwp/ valves at the point in the cardiac cycle/fe9:5spuncjzgw ;0-bwm v. s at which the pressure in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucgc;4,e d 4b,nl b2kepteab+(n rose being passively loaded into the sieve tube unaided, bef+pl,nadgtb4(,k;e4 ee2 bcbnore being transported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a developing shoot takj4u- x,mx vdrf/a5zu m/y,ox, en at 400× magnifyu,d j/,4x-z om r/fx5 mu,xavication.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure in 4l .yq);pdcp;fkb ,bfside xylem vessels to be lower than atmospheric fplf ;ky, )b.qd;p4 bcpressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil absorbf 0x *4rj4mw(g-9wymuwve+oo ed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences asst4tl we. b.mtulic lfq+ 44s-1ociated with plaque buildup in the coroi .lbums lfc4w -q.ett41t +4lnary arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely t:g 7v.rsf5kawzc 09 ypo have the highest lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which used radioactively labelled c2hj/u4 q 6s,on+aberbp:iyi 2arbon dioxide (6 :i 42prbbqsn+,yjo /2eihau 14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem and the root of t +r cpu8r e73ag(qdx/a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration9tq;,7ado a 9 .brq0ksf-tju5,si hpb and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes near the leaves .;9sro,,bqhifk7 tba 5-sta d09jupqand roots?

  The image below represents the ct6z-vu3, d: jxdad6 wihanges in pressure in the left atrium, left ventricv:axw,3-uj tzdi6dd 6le and the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies*vg z:15tmt1u oybqd: features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted into a plap3m yd3la9b7sgqf7c fvarv n+e21(u/nt. Aphids have been used to study transport in plantsed(u 1va7nlqba7cms9 g/ 2f3yp rf3v+.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.