Which of the following does not cause coronary heart disea,t4gb5jqflwo pho:/5 se?

  Which component of blood i, :w ermw/,79ppkphe rs mainly composed of water and transports water-soluble substances to d r/e:phk 9,rwpe wm,p7ifferent parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a feature of phloem?prg6+phup( :+ t1t7)ejv + oypk j/mbu
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar transport in phloe2x jj x6e2le l,nh vt/7))jlewm?

  What helps prevent the backflow of blood in a vei t45nvhcu3l u:06zmtb n?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering p;ck+ z:b 7 7z u7pgef:bps0pb r90tgcplant which is often used as a model forb:z0 e:ptzs7k brp 9g 0g+;cb 7cfpu7p the study of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the tablja kg-f-m a dlcl4v8hc ;z;h;7e below is not correct for the structure and function of different blkfcdag ; lzm7hl -4ch;vj;8-aood vessels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse se(mz v i-dmw45iction through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling the frequency x; y1dm5e qv8+xhxctky( a/h;at which it bex1y;(/t ym;xvd+k58q hea xhcats?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to mqpa y+6qfgal0ugvh hu(o4ob-k6:3qg t2 7kk+easure water uptake in plants. lpk62oqaf yth40(q7uk+k+bggau3q :6 gov- h

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following uh79d wbz wr *70:3pb adsmss5statement(s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of b6 ppyx+i37 rqulood flow into and out of the hearui x37yp+p6 rqt?

  The diagram below shows th7xnhufe0;dea t d;bg7p8 c47ge structure of the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pu61d6jk1fzf ar s/q; sjmped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to tbfnv73ecwm qo )j;f5 n5/6yn the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties pt3ikw f,m14yof water allow xylem vessels to transport water inkif3t 1mpw,y4 side plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through duringls0 5n7qq7c0q8solhbi/k (vy phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusion on blood pressurei904kr5 xhhxdwxg z2., students z95x2.4g0 rix hwkdxhset up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory system of,1jqx: xbddx0 a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows ths ap-(t5rtkq7 e structure of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below isno*tt 3+5ajqj an electron micrograph of a cross-section of a stem of the monqnt+jto*j3 a 5ocot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of thekeg)r* u(* 0qjkyz-bk human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is a;traiks +j//r -kg.t zn electron micrograph of the stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves5 aj3prlh 7u (tih8b1c have on other parts of a pla8c7uh ira15pjt 3lb( hnt?

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and semiluh h)3)iy hxn++i 0s1 fpvgzbw.nar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in tyf)i1g+vi3+phz)xwbh s 0.h nhe left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being pa tp.hqq2qb;41 e/ ynjdssively loaded into the sieve tube unaided, before hy qt2;j qn 41qdp/b.ebeing transported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a developing shoot taken at 409d x7 +.viyijk k,hvr60× ma9vix v r6.k,7jhkiy+ dgnification.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure insx.ngyrjq xxny5 ,0suup:m 9a(1 l 0t4ride xylem vessels to be lower than atmoxyg 0ny(x:q159 r,a0x.mps4 utulj rnspheric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions h7v7sd0/5s xb, ewolzin the soil absorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associated with plaque ,8d5g fl(a - cu/qn4u +1h jxx(fazropbuildup in the coronary z(4,unqaa- /hcx8 5d flf1+rp(ojugxarteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highestb3q+v .: ziy.ygeh h)z lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of a5)mgj idhpcey kt 7+u, +/x1hyn experiment which used radioactively labelled ca jekyd+ pthu)5+x ,cy7ihg1/mrbon dioxide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in :kxpe5q*j d:g the stem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the ;yy7k9 mhs.7bh fm 8knfwkm() solute concentration and hydrostatic pressure within the simyn k8ym(m. f977f;hkshbkw) eve tubes near the leaves and roots?

  The image below represents the xy - ybrpk:wdbbvf): n)/v-y:changes in pressure in the left atrium, left ventricle and the a -bk:vyd yrv w:fx:)ny-b)/bporta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies features of si ppukzo;zf / . t*0+wwxkx-sc8eve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted into a plannm ou0yue hikm(4( 7s+t. Aphids have been used to study transport i7n((0eoum4ki yhu+ smn plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.