Which of the followi4bx*ska-zjs 3*x) pkeng does not cause coronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water and traxl+b- a t,.zrwnsports water-soluble substancbw.z a+-trx,les to different parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a featurbl o en6t.6aa99liha/e of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar transport in phl0mqmq.o g8 ri;oem?

  What helps prevent the backflow o z- zd*u)emg.if blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering plantba7omp3-7 i, vfs: bvf which is often used as a moda bm, 3fb7spi: vvo7f-el for the study of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for t 8 zeo*h.:e9jskan i )0jwe9aehe structure and function of differen*ioka )jnsae9e j 8e0weh9z:.t blood vessels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse section throuj t4r: l0ekzy8gh a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling the frequency at which9utt nlde(q- oij +g w8*uf*x. it beaitu8tju.qx l*o d-(* ne +fw9gts?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is osyvx60l5xzk3(e 6wj 6a6 fc q t8hhs:used to measure water uptake in plant 6o6af ews5xv(hy hljxzc606 3ksqt 8:s.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s8h:i ll;nt1oo ) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following sdudvg+72zy +nv6(uz d hows the direction of blood flow into and out of the hea u(6y2 zvu+nd dz+vgd7rt?

  The diagram below shows the structukn rm8fd77( 2 93 gz-(pwyzgk9jyx dpgre of the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped into th+z )6.xu kapuje pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the hear z6 bx7cmc)cro*:ng.lp)2rwit?

  The cohesive and adhesive prye9agco5 gfl +v-,1wp.jwfyddxl* 7(operties of water allow xylem vessels to transport water inside planw1l*gl 9y,.fycg(xd+v faoje5d7wp -ts.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does suc hyqfn 3e/3h.jrose pass through during phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into tc3) pbsqusypvk k,b3/)r+q +vhe effects of artery occlusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travellc/vk s,+qbqy b))+p s3p rk3vued.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory system of a fishpntzd;v )o: i..


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the strukjy n d-0zqrylx-,kk38/;up9e fp 6th cture of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograph of a cross-section of a st0isl65rdx i5d em of the mor6xil s5 dd0i5nocot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the h a -ubcx62ev yuso)51zyu8ot7i ;pm4tuman heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem of the monocoo8 r0jdm-t .dgpm, r(tt Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves hav wel;:su qtg ig(f53*:8jyv )0 mnkgfde on other parts of a plant?g:mfgf lusyew5i:; nk0q d*8( )gtj 3v

  What is the position ofb:tj0as rv y :tx3-h9d the atrioventricular and semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the left ventricle is the greatestd x:30a b:-y jrhtsv9t?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded into the sieve tube unaided 3.;mgq;f5 +vgfeajphcg5 3nw , before being t3ef3h;5qf j5pvg cg gm;a.nw +ransported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the 7stx33dv7 mnaxylem vessels in a developing shoot taken at 400× t a3m7xs7d3vnmagnification.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor th ol/uo)1 s6tdi2eh(gp at causes the pressure inside xylem vessels to be lower than atmospheg 21(s/pi)l dht6uo oeric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil l8zxk jvf c18b)ac/b ;absorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and cov mnvxa6:m9cscw/-)p nsequences associated with plaque buildup in the coronary artv pxan msmcv/w-6:)c9 eries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highest lignin content qwv2fuvd enp-ha;-of. -nw)me t371 b?

  The graph shows the results ofevi tp)uj/0* c an experiment which used radioactively labelled carbon dioxup*e/0)tij vcide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem and the roq( 9kj/v gxyts22g-u g8y3mmaot of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solutp;66owa i1-y1 ffht:sgop fx,e concentration and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes near the leaves and rg:;6 t1iyx pf,f so6fowah1p -oots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressur zq gz.z8t;,tre in the left atrium, left ventriclg8z; .qtrzzt ,e and the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly id(8u nh8oq)qda+xf /tgha ldr9 8.+yzgentifies features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserte k6a*.z3ygyvxetf vxn72(b (bd into a plant. Aphids have been used to st7.ntg*f kxaexy bz3((v 2yb6vudy transport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.