Which of the followic lp4uut2) h9rng does not cause coronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composhf):nb8k fne8 : *3m3i*bzs mmyhk4nued of water and transports water-soluble substances inzh8 smu* meyhb:fk8 *)n4nb:k 3 3mfto different parts of the body?

  Which of the following7yy)w; wtnua2 is/are a feature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar transport in ph- skskv4phc9u ()r8yn loem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of blood in 3*0 vghm h0 znfd0te+za vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species l4(uhhaabov4281 g-:fr l9-itfoaj p of flowering plant which is often used as ti( 2ar-pfa:ol1u84jba9 fogl-h4hv a model for the study of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for the structure and functu;+8( oo s4l gos5tyko5/gnn w 0fj*md2)uxwrion of different blood vessels?;n/o+wy )xng8m(l0tuw 5sosfd* g 5jk 4ru2oo

  The micrograph shows a transverse secr e7/zqh. +-sepdx2ention through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling the frequency at w f/jktyjv epcikl /3,5,5,o yn,ml.lbhich it beats flm3/, l nt5j/c,k.jeki oyv,l5bpy, ?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is j5svvf tc6j1 8*l4m0zh/dnr kused to measure water uptake in pladn04zj /j 8tvhfr15mlk *sc 6vnts.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the followingux-zbdg)d b-pmhh. 0 - statement(s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direc7w(0clsykax v 7ivxu02fi/: qtion of blood flow into and out of the heart? y(x2i 0/ w7iqfscu vvla0 x7k:

  The diagram below shows the2j81/jtm( 9y ivt ewiz structure of the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped into the pulmonary ar2 /dyzp v.flxb+vbur66 ma;v*tery?

  Which of the following n7 gye0e3ih/ kawu7/ycarries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessel1v5tepvbv veet2 w-f6t n:8;js to transport water inside pevb8 - vv1tjv2 ne:t;6wtpe5flants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through during phlo*-wutkio-ul wu- if5: rmm k3,em loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artl6 aqbja y +,ldb5;d-fery occlusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, wa+lfy ;lj5dad,-q6 b abs fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory system of a fib;: a)mg1h..mhhph8 s v.wfg fsh.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the o oy1m pltnj:0:g2 8ry2hfst+t*b q 4xstructure of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograph oq64m)ce ca yj-f a cross-section of a stem of the monocot Zea my ca4-jcmq6) eays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the humanx ) ytbvzsjp-6q ,j 2nwxhfh;--0uc(q heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem of the monovp( jcd t0la0 da*x3bbq8mbetg 8 za ry70-5+ncot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of wavp28eeo-i gs1 + ) ezdz8bst896xiykl ter in leaves have on other parts of a planzev+kyb81)8g28i so6lxi- epd tes9z t?

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and semilunar valvesobo,q6b e r57e at the point in the cardiac cycle at which bboo 65re 7q,ethe pressure in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucr7 58 a47nxhz--:fgpjnxg lawe ose being passively loaded into the sieve tube unaided, before being transported xxgge8 nzaw-774ln af:h5-p jaround the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xybp ag2dqe 4bccm:)t /*lem vessels in a developing shoot taken at 400× magnifica pcqt:)/*bg 2mbedca4 tion.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure insidaz/s,a;t h 5y;jijx e:9hc*l25xofvp e xylem vessels to be lower than vl hah/ 5ae c sp9zjj:x2ify;*t5xo;,atmospheric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil absorbqd xd-9ls 6cu8ed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associated with, fu1;)v lxvxa,gdkr9 plaque buildup in the coronary afgv x1a,l;kdxv9),rurteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highest licfmc+ yij02y0gnin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which used raa )pi1t+gd o;o 7+w-hbeys, wrdioactively labelled carbon dioxide (sbdt ,7r a;+1weooi+gy-w p)h14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem and the root of a plant.-. a);humyxid

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentrat n;*1 a.g4i t6oqgw i3ebkq.izion and hydrostatic pressure within the 6 zg; aqk . wq3io.tei1ngbi4*sieve tubes near the leaves and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressure in thec4iuhgb co-jn5p; (y 3 left atrium, left ventricle and the aorta5puo; ycbjh -i4(3g cn.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identgsu9hvp(v +l 3ifies features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its style w /81od3nr jx.i:xct(btst1kt inserted into a plant. Aphids have been used to st.rs1tdn/3 i:c bxj1w t(k8 oxtudy transport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.