Which of the following does not cause coronary hwd,zx2qp et 4w6vl7q+eart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly compo1 liwn7, w t56b(tj 0hsk5sdmxsed of water and transports water-soluble substances to different parts of t ws(7t15hn ,5lk dswmti 0jxb6he body?

  Which of the following is/are a featu9e3ls:9 jvcwa c :zn+jre of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar transpr2ed )2qa knns 0 yu,dr4x;h*qort in phloem?

  What helps prevent theqgn8( gb1 (m ruxdix(, backflow of blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering plant which is ozp(tf1a16oe j7 jhml9 j o(lg6ften used as a model f olj796(gjjl z 1m1ha 6et(pofor the study of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below iss:2.n cdnoo bl/d/nhud9q5a 7 not correct for the structure and function of different b onh25 9q d ucas/:ob./dlndn7lood vessels?

  The micrograph shows a trans1 po1mk5rjo0b8eb2twg d( qm- verse section through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is i:2or wh3c sz+ 7mpki 56lyvg3dnvolved in controlling the frequency at which it beats?sg5h2kwi3l7+mv6pr o :yd 3zc

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to measure wa)oig,tr0l-hbos 7xi 6 ter uptake in plan,-osh7) ibtox 6g0rlits.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statem c*mx;/1pjvi tent(s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood flow into an g;5 0crhsx9rqd out of the hear5 9xg0rq ;hrcst?

  The diagram below shows the structuvf p v5ch* 8*0jeerg:a3 x2 kwdmxu8x0re of the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped jnphdu:/nb+ :io 7+ gxinto the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the ha2;irsf(if .f eart?

  The cohesive and adhesive pix +.zn :g9,8ezq5rpomr g4k wroperties of water allow xylem vessels to transport water inside plants.zpr5qzr g 89x,wkeoi4gn :+.m
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through duringn6/feesw: w ibre9.k-9d y,pp-* zgm m phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into t9vy(wl gagbl +itu j:. 85me,yhe effects of artery occlusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber s wj5 +ig,em:byv98ag.l t y(lutopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory sys.) xqr4ds 0nrvtem of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structury),o ;4wlyehs ,*xxlqe of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograph of ;uofiwizxs6ws11 y) 5a cross-section of a stem of the monoo xifwi61ys ;zu)s 5w1cot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the hut uom uv6su199man heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the 0k-6 :ivkfofuin1-d:j6e mw/t:t lp d stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves havtq tm5nnu6:7b e on other parts of a plantnuqmb t:76 5nt?

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and semilcb+jit . ln;uu.2d6iv unar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at udvu..lit ;n26bcij+which the pressure in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded into the sievewvcr i2 yd1nns*88,/jz od2ru tube unaided, before bei uoj,8nsr2y/v1diw28crn * dz ng transported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows tddrah f+9 j48she xylem vessels in a developing shoot taken at 400× m 4j8d as9dfh+ragnification.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressuwtbmo + .g6yhj;si.+pre inside xylem vessels to be lower thajiyt p o6; +gm+whb.s.n atmospheric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the5hlgf0ol, f5b soil absorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associated with plaque b a m5ek69n7om0-u ojduz0 qwq*uildup in the coronary arteriesaqe *5m- ko 6q97uu00nozmj dw.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is liq a.o)u7a1 rjrkely to have the highest lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of anu2/xtz gv*p h/x: s)nu experiment which used radioactively labelled carbon dioxihxv n// g:ps2 u)txzu*de (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem and the root of a pla k-nbaa7in)ps6.jx 0r nt.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentrationng)xl qm1c 4+o6l9 ghj and hydrostatic pressure within the siev 4m njolg1gl)9q +cx6he tubes near the leaves and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressure in the left atriua3xvd i1py.i7m, left ventricle an 7paiy1 v.3dxid the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly ide +.2s9y5 wxehihvor vurv3q4 (ntifies features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its en, f11mebl .+u9lqna*p4uia4:dqvt stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids have been used to study transpli1qd4,+.* lm t49epq1bv au :uneaf nort in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.