Which of the following doelhrp+* bd 5gh1,f1lur-bofy ;s not cause coronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly c jyznfmz 9nx97:83tu;uyt7 dtomposed of water and transports water-soluble u nu3 7 f98dz xz;jmtn9ytyt7:substances to different parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are ( ;u3aen7:ocry,iv 7cj 9gpp la feature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar transport in phloe3k)5r yl ea7t9jydu u(m?

  What helps prevent the backaz2,wl yyjpckwmh 2796r)a7fflow of blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering plant w yioyn zp8 +jp8-we33ikd(r wp1i(5 cxhich is often used as a model for the s3wkz( x-5+ w 3dyipy1(8ieop cijnr8ptudy of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the tabl s8vzsd-wq4q a a07,mue below is not correct for the structure and function of different blood vess vqsu, 8z7 sq-dawm0a4els?

  The micrograph shows a t n1fju7 ;)halkransverse section through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is kamg6i mq;n 72involved in controlling the frequency at which it beats?gmqn2mk 6ia7;

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to t-d ry 24 0y ept/w0d dyqib0to1quy. 0fas+r+measure water uptake in plants.y0a w - 4iq1qt/t d+rey2+0. psd0oduy0btfry

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?n e1y;ndwp428 5uatol
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood flow into and out o n ft io07f8ce9ys z qdm59p67x8s5dms6ao x4pf the heart?9toi6d 5s9f m4sosfacpny6eqm7p0z7x588 dx

  The diagram below shows thea-n7v1, cnu zo structure of the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of tp-y ,(qz (7ot3z6fezdqlw wl) he heart is blood pumped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated;;fi r5l 7w8asm u*sv-otnvk , blood from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhev*nf ery5n 1wzbb;d7)xj4 * cxsive properties of water allow xylem vessels to transport water inside p*bj)dvyw1nfb xr;c*z4 n7 5exlants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass throu7;0dfrc4vjz 9 r. fgqegh during phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery v:: rr z zqd(l+elz /.9 kj9qb7(mepodocclusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was d9p9q(.zbel: +jedzl/zr m : v7dkqor(rilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory sy+zdfhipa8e6 : stem of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows t32 mwo:gyxs l,he structure of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below i z.q:qzw)ki+e s an electron micrograph of a cross-section of a stem of the monocot Zez:i.kqe )qwz+ a mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the h. snji 5t cpfjcx1zusq;1;twt)953kvuman heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron mwdeg38 0etxx fg wwn*8(,: awsicrograph of the stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves have on other partq6(6fs ,xjrac)- m eaos of a plant) q(6-ram jof6cxe,sa?

  What is the position:;w9uv1e xohj of the atrioventricular and semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cywo;1: hu9x jevcle at which the pressure in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded intkrdof x.t7)vg yf1 g, wang/72o the sieve tube unaided, befod,yr /gggxf2v)a k w o1.7f7ntre being transported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a developing shoot taken a )vfn4;irhl7d t 400× magnificatioil4hn fvr) 7;dn.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor th.0,uhg il9c nvh)c*:kljjh4uat causes the pressure inside xylem vessels to be lower than atmosphe)l.uh ,c0u* vngkhi 9:4jjh clric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil aw(vnqxkay0+0/yr, xk* to iwmk(7:asbsorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associated with plaqueptt)9 )ur y.z4b5npa ,)fkb;p *urhe z buildup in the coronap t)5*9z;prtbnupfbua yhe, 4 z )k).rry arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highest lignin content?voo1 g0t 3:i e;l z7s;finbpt4

  The graph shows the results of ajoi;qj62op3p:xfu,h h,rzh 6 n experiment which used radioactively labelled carbon di6p: hix,h3 2ur,oz o6j ;hpqfjoxide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the steqha,4bhw/t)q,nxcb/ze p6e 1m and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the s( fym-/(ch*au)xll7l yayr , solute concentration and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes neaf)y/u (rsmh-y a,yl x(7acl*lr the leaves and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pr5;wzjuj/;) 76txxyohs jlz0jw(; x toessure in the left atrium, left ventricle antuoox; 0zs zwjhjy(7t)j; j;/w x6 x5ld the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifiec26 ebyz 8o. ylbew6(es features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted into a plabix poizx84.v v ct2.keu2/ )gnt. Aphids have been used to stievk2ixt 4b.p8 ) u2v/xzg.co udy transport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.