Which of the following doxhk:xy* 3:*ckx- ,s bp v9ipizes not cause coronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water and transports watero-akj3 j3v;hj -soluble substances to different parts of3 jvjj 3;oakh- the body?

  Which of the following is/aruvkp 9s)d nx7q oj1eb01 u:fz8e a feature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar 3-j,flhoq o(j::p sjw transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent theb,mf9 j n*0qvh backflow of blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering plant which i+ k(6d;z4cwdno(ed ukzgj: 7cs often used as(w ndz zj(7d+cgdke:u k;6oc4 a model for the study of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for the structure and m ko b-*s/(tqjfunction of differe (-sok t*m/bjqnt blood vessels?

  The micrograph shows a tyymvys o(3)/cmg k:e2ei( x +mransverse section through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controllik(rl o ;o+f11 fbnem4cq:m*t wx0;grnng the frequency at which it beo:qnfr 41;;kbl +(c ne0x1mm* gwfrotats?

  The diagram below shows a potom5 hrf;g c46y px*viq(keter which is used to measure water uptake in plants.gvyp f4 kq56cir; hx(*

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statem+t +p n8;+uc9whlto9h/ lri4 lxus h(yent(s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the goze2 ok;(i,vn3p (br direction of blood flow into and out of the heart ei2bz(op;3vg r (,kno?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the humanaazkxxc5m 1yto53k79 m*,sbc heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped into the pulmonary a6gbizn45. 4jz ulsw4 crtery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood from the lnl lio ef6.n.8phic,q *0kn52:enf gtungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water x9yeo * e0iag k8ub;j*1k4zwcallow xylem vessels to transport water inside plantswy890buoz* 1*k4agc jiekx ;e.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through during phloem loadinz l9v.+s:qglug?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of adwspm o*+n6e,3pn(z zrtery occlusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experims,+wm n znzp(ep *d63oent. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the ba3wb d 384 y.e:(*sdoiisxbwcirculatory system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the strb/u8878 w( y 3 f1csry mifoymb+lmi-oucture of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograph .ryfy9;;jfhf of a cross-section of a stem of the monocot Zea maysy9 ;yfh.f;jf r.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the sk(j-e dilqe71 tructure of the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electxu2e i6,kz)/spg0 dn3yo yl/aron micrograph of the stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evapo/e sbc4 ruep3 5b;xa8tration of water in leaves have on other parts of a plantc8b 4e p/sexbtru5 a;3?

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and semilunar va9w+u zbzuu2fxf wm)24 lves at the point in the cardiac c2 mf 2+ 4zuwuzwu)b9fxycle at which the pressure in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being 9 otd/)ukyq+j6aw:jn6;nre i+;o x ujpassively loaded into the sieve tube unaided, before being transportediwj;69qx yjjd n 6 )aou/kte:+;+o nur around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xyl7dp,zxsb9ou5ht ef s x m6m(1ohkj)/6 em vessels in a developing shoot taken at 400× magnificatiok6)sxtupzm1j7 f 5eox9/o,6hmd h(bsn.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factorj +ihwmqb-t7s 0; ,wyr that causes the pressure inside xylem vessels to be lower than atmospheric pressure0 ,wtb7 mr ;sh+qjw-iy?

  How are most mineral ions in the soimey9tfhd* ,o.bu -cw3l absorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequm :kelo6z x-m6ences associated with plaque buildup in the coronary arteries6xokm-6 zme:l .

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highest lignin content )ph71r2eh(5ojw bihu+vtt1w?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which used radioactqrer+ ytiz **6ively labelled carbon*q+*iy e 6rrtz dioxide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast thht3w64zt/ ,- ba ouzshdr v;v4e phloem found in the stem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration and hydrostatic blv e0(4sgct5pressure within the sieve tubes near tl0ev c(gts 54bhe leaves and roots?

  The image below represen*buge 1(,x.d ykar dyq q6ty,5ts the changes in pressure in the left atrium, left ventricle and thqekra6g (ybt.yuq*,d1y x,5de aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies featurz zkuc/t j(sktq4 )d:+es of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids have j-6vtgyk)b2u8pc:3 h3 tihotjxwt*7 been used to studyxv2yjw8h)63*hki:c37 jo g t- bpt utt transport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.