Which of the following does not cause coronary heart zf- (9rt lb:n1nrd72pgu22(xi sz jahdisease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of wat:, w;hxkuif 7pjq9c3e n gqsa)j8y*u -er and transports water-soluble substances to s)cyqw98 :af x,n7 ;-uju i 3qpkj*ghedifferent parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are )/e xn zcq80spa feature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correc01w lc 4p .gcx (ykkexgz*2s,st for sugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow 1m ub1tl/ux w7of blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured b meei j , r8 9hni/-s +)dal:zi)cn3bmpjjs(n9elow, is a species of flowering plant which is often used as a model for the study of seed anatom+9(z-)ie9 snmmd8,bh/i3nni lcjr ):jpeasjy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for the structure and function of s59va*lj-mi pdifferent blood veamv5-9ip j*l sssels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse section c6 q7xfl(ay:2a- ndbq through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved 1ar,/i *kpjqqin controlling the frequency at which it beatsa*r ,ijq/1kqp?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to measure water uptak//m8e l f /u.rgy0gndse in plantslserg. fm8d0 g/ /uny/.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statmdj*hm qs)/ p3+-ho *tcxfl+tement(s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direc a2d3h vnv sftj;1: :4jqdmii8tion of blood flow into and out of the hear i4nfd8 hijav:2djq13tsm; :v t?

  The diagram below shows the structu0zrvabp18kf ; re of the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blo- mvj0x pm4..+o 3skw3wqbig q3:iwblod pumped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following ctx4, s nsh18wxl+x:i9 *tk asnarries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive prox kia;+eed:j0w1hebu2x r ,s; perties of water allow xylem vessels to transport water insidejeh1i:x,2ke;a +budrs ew 0x; plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrosf+eibw6j3 bwr i:8q*de pass through during phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusion on blood pressure75ucv:. l dbl1*eu4yev e mk8f, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measurel: d*75mceye8 ev kuflv.14bud the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents thea;y98z f e3oeo,ff,e s circulatory system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structure o s g pgeun1/7+i25if;qa 6llpcf a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograph of a cross-sectiont 6qvn3 vq:5jh of a stem of thevj6qqnt:h v35 monocot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure l-as cu/ukh(6of the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron m/mqg e ; kdgfihc ekf8wa)if;7*4 l4;gicrograph of the stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evapo ai tjt:p/f/)yr ylr(1ration of water in leaves have on other parts of a pla trylt/if( 1 )jay/rp:nt?

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and semiluap dm00 l,lhkgp s3:+unar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pu+0p, g3 lhl0:sadpkmressure in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded into the sievepae,k i5 rt* 1)k3a saqj)hnb0 tube unaided, before being tra, aa)b5k)*0pk 1eqhani3rt sjnsported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below showgn, f*;e hx0ues the xylem vessels in a developing shoot taken at 400× magnificatixguh *e n0f;,eon.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor thatl4c va+,v.jlw causes the pressure inside xylem vessels to be lower ta lv.+l4v, cwjhan atmospheric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil absorbed by roots8)lo.mp+ i-vkb ((d dqsrvv )bkcg7-s?

1.Outline the risk factors an6z4dpff my :u ej.2yi*d consequences associated with plaque buildup in the coronary arterieszd pye m.6j2ff4:iy*u.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have thew1 8w2lw ,b xt0abo3vo highest lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which :ktot.z3h,zg( uzv 9d.pl *xn used radioactively labelled carbon dioxide .( 3zp* ztng, 9vtzk :dxhu.lo(14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloefwk) h(p iqhn9b 9:gz;m found in the stem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration and hydrostatic8mu*y/zl ygr. pressure within the sieve tubes near the/.u lg8yy r*zm leaves and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressure in the left1ql*p *dda6w pwipq 85 atrium, left ventricle and wd8dlp*5qa*wpi1 qp6 the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies features of sievgb tck,y3c6zoag. 8cro5; (1nh w 2dyre tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet ii5gk02z8f yu pnserted into a plant. Aphids have been used to study transport in plants.kfu gz y2p058i

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.