Which of the following does not cause zdmlefwpu gazz;,.0hlw )- 71coronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water and transports water-soyi1 ( ly*nt+snfxa, x2luble substances to fa ly,+ 1x*synxi2tn(different parts of the body?

  Which of the followim6 *l vbk+ivj)8r 9.lx f9r/vd /choqqng is/are a feature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is cob 8sm6)g m3iiqrrect for sugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of m: +0 jk ul7s/c.hharablood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering plant which is often used xh rll /z* 8u5nwtd 9s;auy5.oas a model for thwa. lu ;t8z*d9/hu55r xlyosne study of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is noomv1u)1;lbvqk,,c a jt correct for the structure and function of different bluv 1l,;c,ak1bovqm) jood vessels?

  The micrograph shows :w8; qux vymb8a transverse section through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling the c846tqg 6n-g bdggvm rlhy 2ui4p47g5 frequency at which it beatsu-v 4th6igg85gyg lq4n76r4m2dcg bp?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to measure water uptake in p4oerx xbo)qp; q6g5t. lants. tqqr 5eox b6);p.4o xg

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statquirvd )z4*b/ement(s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the diry )u2eckjv(o:2e w 8irection of blood flow into and out of the heart? ji2r8:2(uc)yeok vwe

  The diagram below shows the structn db7wzaaq*)e e 6mx,i1nwb.dl zl:(4ure of the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart icnhs94h(txkgogxqg*. 5 +z0is blood pumped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood frot2e8j9yiv ,:m vj0auqi6meme 5en06 qm the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive propertiesqe3n ifu;- hw/wz- ijk,z54fu of water allow xylem vessels to transport water inside pla-,iu;f4 /zqfzk3e5ijhw w-n unts.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through during phloem lo8e:dq2jg tp0ds cxnqgr( 4b8+v;s h3aading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusion on blood pressure, s4 0qcuw aw2lf7tudents set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Stulqf 042wc7auw dents measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the ci; jfgpx3dg11n rculatory system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows th-txm kjdo1w 1w:ke 0w9e structure of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograph of a cross-section of a yei( +f*a dvz:stem of the monocot Zea mays. z(aedi+:yfv *

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows thel wircsyq805.ly 0 ix5 structure of the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem of the monocot 8 lv rs1bvs5 o*ewwr5*Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves have on other o+ 4lcb1mjv5 sparts of a plant?c1blm4s 5+jov

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and semilunar valves at the poifs/bqesu 78 3lnt in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the left ven3qb/ef7sslu 8 tricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively lom) jw(ot qyh96nvu8y .aded into the sieve tube unaided, before 86 m9.ny o(y qhvuj)twbeing transported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a developing pg m gy19t(z8vi)b6 vpa.tg/u shoot taken at 400× magnif 8) vgzp a/vugpgyt1( im69.btication.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factogc8 .5vl*7-cj tq yhvy(lzw)i r that causes the pressure inside xylem vessels to be lower zhl* vc(-g5iy8y7 jlc w.vt)qthan atmospheric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil absorbed by roots?kr (69momi;bnku )r ,u

1.Outline the risk factorxt; txvw/x4/cs and consequences associated with plaque buildup in th/; 4tx cvxwtx/e coronary arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is liu ud.hx 59mpb-t6k h;akely to have the highest lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experldau rrb-dx9*vmb/,8 iment which used radioactively labelled carbon dioxidebvbm8addxru /-rl,*9 (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem foy* js l/oy5 0vkqwfng95lc5u7und in the stem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration anw 6rf)bv4 qen5d hydrostatic pressure within)6wfer v4qb 5n the sieve tubes near the leaves and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressure in the lqd4m.b2-vo6o j iv0hneft atrium, left ventricle adb vv2 .oh0 mj-qn4io6nd the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly i j c9. 53r9reqysppnd)py -yq0dentifies features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted into a pla48bjj, sd0twj7h b et-nt. Aphids have been used to wb-t 0bj8th 4j d7,sejstudy transport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.