Which of the following does1b+l : +q-xq emon2z bpoou18j not cause coronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is m- c zqd zj2iwbd2y;y; +z,n;hfs1vv1zainly composed of water and transports water-soluble substances to diffe1i+;f-2v y,zdy; zbzznhw;svc 21qdj rent parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are mjdw0d 9qrv +;a feature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct f7q*i i; k)/qqz(8quk y02h8wfqtarhh or sugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backfl el;;9t/t ,gb*bao uofow of blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering epciy;/mto,0a 0zw3i plant which is often used as a model for the studi;ao cw 0/ ,m0izty3epy of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table wab+h6+l5 v)d;k6 ijytfcwd13 flim . below is not correct for the structure and function of different blood vejvih5 wi+ w3lfyclk); d1abt+m6.df 6 ssels?

  The micrograph shows a transvertd-g g;3ytu w 8kgbbdiv6v.-yx1 a.1z se section through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling the frequency(t+g3/e yfvoitka*1 m at which it beatmgf3t 1o/ e kiy(+v*ats?

  The diagram below showstdd4o 8d. o*x jazny7- a potometer which is used to measure water uptake in plandj*n4x 8ooat7 yd.d-zts.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s) is/are tbtg8po,r,i g5rue?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood flow into and out of the hebdv3ca bi oy9mb a 62e:gwb/;4artm:cy iab /v2oab 96gbe b4w3;d?

  The diagram below shows the sto j31 drg2-y)yikd/rpi8iy2 b,( cghhructure of the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped into the p7 zh+,sf yzn;gulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to t.fe55;kyz 5 ftnor/ rqhe heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of +snjls hj5 w+q/f:2ftwater allow xylem vessels to transport wat w:j/shsftnf+ j2+ l5qer inside plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through during .(iz d brv7s1zphloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effectsei5vzpa tc 023qx.z* z of artery occlusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned xz zt3c *.v0zeiap q52on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory system of a fish. xeqmqfx. *r2q.b+xje)3z : pd


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shoo+ zdalcs 9q5z ,1la:rws the structure of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electh5iws( v6 hlb4ron micrograph of a cross-section of a stem ofhiv 5wlh6s( b4 the monocot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the hc6-8jhf k+ zk)y -1fz9ztzirhuman heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of them/ozc t4dzzz (0qc5 b* stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporatiovck84p*; ll.scj nk3mn of water in leaves have on other parts of a plant?4l j*mlpn3kk cs8.c v;

  What is the position ou e5xsyje g8ll3fzy. d 2(8/thf the atrioventricular and semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressurst jy82 l8u x( g3efylhe./zd5e in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded into the sieve tube w6+5ulzygd*m6 dc a pjusl010 unaided, before being transported around theg6jz5dp*61 0y+ dllmc usaw0 u plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels +hu bpe: oaq86s3x5yuji 0vi5in a developing shoot taken at 400× ma0b xi5uy 83apej v:hsu6o+iq5 gnification.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes 7 trx,c *aze9oi5h(opthe pressure inside xylem vessels to be lower than atmosphericoit,ae( hp9z*7orcx5 pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil a jk+9mtxw ,nx*(thb+ nbsorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors winhs*;x5h2ez a h. i)and consequences associated with plaque buildup in the coronxehh;)a winz5s* h2i.ary arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following dc(u oeb 6of,2is likely to have the highest lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which tun0) rwr+.cd3qv adqsjs1 67used radioactively labelled cs r0c nd3.td ) r7u+qa6jqv1wsarbon dioxide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem and the root of a r8bxvhxq 20l)plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration and hydrostatic pressumrnabil0wp1 3wi..91dggd -vre within the sieve tubes -a 10 w1widblvgirmgn p.9 .3dnear the leaves and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressure in the left atrium, lecj tfn,ej3 i*+ficz1( ft ventricle a1+ci tifj*z3c fe(jn,nd the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies feat hfkj,ef3c )/nyl(tkcja8b 1.ures of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphi8 fm +k :6are2.ff-2 hb dpi7bdg4aljdd with its stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids have been used to study dbefba fdr.li:28 76g4m+dp2 j-kahf transport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.