Which of the following does not cause coronary heart dis1+mts .vwgbvf yq5*u )em-7qqease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water 2s;eljnp7 vafu -;r5mkcq / :gand transports water-soluble substances to different cak;ns/u 7;:prjq5fve 2mgl -parts of the body?

  Which of the following 0,)av +ulnymav oo2x+is/are a feature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar transport in phloem? w4 ic2rz b4z:i

  What helps prevent the -w s /r j0hf;aufe/kj6backflow of blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured belg7x) jq3cwu q/z6 2magow, is a species of flowering plant which is often used as a model for auq7xg6g2j )cmw /3zqthe study of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table be0 1xk uxr38byp x t4z3;sxwq(ylow is not correct for the structure and function of differentq(x uzts10;p3y 48yxw3b xr xk blood vessels?

  The micrograph shows a trans;6y gvzzgmp xh, rv4a9kia69 7verse section through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling t e-s,pkb9+ inuhe frequency at which it beats?en9+bu,i k s-p

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to measurj,g0isd jjm 2mgs)ej645dey+ e water uptake in plants. j ,5sd m 4i)2jgyes6jemd j+g0

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the followiqc1(, lgg.e /hlkzznx c,l *b,ng statement(s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the followingl)/ cqcfmq(g 05nuo (hs*fu1u shows the direction of blood flow into and out of the heam()q/clgu us nfhuq50c1*o(f rt?

  The diagram below shows the structure o usz0iff54+38 kpayw df the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped into the putm e7hp87 o/b2nfnkb0 lmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart,wzxcw k nj03wzwm9*/?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vesselsayft c;s0oc 5+ to transport water int cfs5+0ya oc;side plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through during phloem loadinge ksc 0(5mm4ze5v6rv+z nn2fo ?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation intluzrfq/lf*e in8 lt,17if, o4 o the effects of artery occlusion on blood pressure, students set up a simpleflf,l,o8 tuzqenr71* 4iil f/ experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatoryh2fd 5jk;zv1r)6fn6 a 8syaus system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structure of a hax-ym (ngc)i6b l+8 mleart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrx f1y;pd o ym8-z7iah)ograph of a cross-section of a stem of the mon1 ih)dzym-p;ay 87ofxocot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the svt go1s29vtv ;tructure of the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the st65l6otacehj (cg pe 2/3c6qxb em of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporatioy*/qvavap9z 8n of water in leaves have on other parts of a planyv zp/8av*9 qat?

  What is the position of the atrioventricular antj;e:p /*u0 nq c:zn;cw6p ow nl8uum0d semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the left ventricle is the grean0:pmjen0t*:w6u z ccop ln w u/;8q;utest?

  The diagram shows sucroh+ou)afa l6b; se being passively loaded into the sieve tube unaided, before being transpor+oafu6 )lh ;abted around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a developing sh2 3,dvb i;ivbvoot taken at 400× mvvv2ibd; b, 3iagnification.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure ins51*,vhbggn+-br o s bkide xylem vessels to be lower than atmospheric prekrs1-g vnbbo*g5b , h+ssure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil absorbe25ixjdjbp dphk.::,k5 dgzey *79su zd by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consud 1u-7dij 7tp 3c7 fhww. wrdcf.yl47equences associated with plaque buildup in the coronarwylpt1uwd.3u 7rcw747hdi-dfc j .f7y arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have79x*b;q n1 bjva) fi 0a6xvg:vzfez :d the highest lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which used radioactivelywg mwy4f,-icz3qsf0 . labelled carbon d i 4cmfw0zw3.,q gsy-fioxide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phlat.ay.,u5v:qaof xm ief.sw(5 4z1 vdoem found in the stem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solutz v ls7o 2-sxhv,gw(a5e concentration and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes near the leavesw2 sohsxz7av5,v (-lg and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressure in the left atrium, le) (:n5mxbjgqr ft ventricle)jq xmr (g:b5n and the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies features of sieve tubn +4 y a ghgx 6bup)uf0as+zbf( +:gvbp1n-tk*e elements?

  This image shows an aphid with it.;c ur/9srv4 d-y ofejs stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids have been used to study transport in plants /dcoy- vf;rrseju9 4..

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.