Which of the followinaem,5a d.4d czg does not cause coronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is main6j;vmlz b/.ikt z *2ofly composed of water and transports water-soluble substances to different parts of the f6*lk.z io/;2j ztbmvbody?

  Which of the following is/are a fefoih +yk(5;jd ature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table+7:;6z:baqgexsmy 2zxo yzqa7d ,g)r is correct for sugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of blood in a vein4t(w*dhoa;qif ht/* j sr o*m2?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a specucz::uuf ri 4ob83 ih0ies of flowering plant which is often used as a model for the studhuu:4iou0c:fr zi 38by of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table bel/b o+jl f*d;rhge(nst x9wz45ow is not correct for the structure and function of different blood vessels?no f(+w*9jtbz;g xsr lhe4/d5

  The micrograph shows a transverse section through a lea-k( xmkta/:gc f.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the /qc /nnxd sy,ttw/ mbw g8+/,gheart is involved in controlling the frequency at which it beatswb,ngqt w x/+/ ysm,gd8/ t/cn?

  The diagram below shows a potometer whic0 )*xrc t-oai;,nd 2tiv/m cnzh is used to measure water uptake in plants. mdv2* ,-)xi;t0 acoc nzt i/rn

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the followingm-v v/(ry ht7g0 ,lvfe00ookf statement(s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood flow into and out of the pg v88xtsu- +r p,f-xbhear +-pfs8r-gu vtp8b x,xt?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the (ay) a:1 zithb *npjg3pd9z3khuman heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped into the3ij9wq5 v ikqabecq x w71cyt.9u)z44a v (8og pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygeawg6j071mvh l p:d4 2epm dqc18.ckxwnated blood from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessels to transporjg u 7uha: 2*ourmh:v0t water inside plan:u gh *ruovu :mh07j2ats.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does;mn7hcj + cg:xcli:)/x cc: ja sucrose pass through during phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusion on blood a 2o((ht)zp(i*qo1 jbnbuci- pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the discnj*qio)ui zp -(ahbo(2t1( btance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory system of a;j6o6ba n3lm ;b cnlx/dgb1o 5 fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structuyz t);teflhig;qh .jcj1x7az,) cn**g b0qb5re of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograph of a z ltfs3rg8v z0t5b :g5r65jkdcross-section of a stem of the monoco lk0 bvtrgtz:sg r 65df83j5z5t Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the st euyf,pda;k ds6k90xwd .4 +vtructure of the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem of the monocot Zz k5u9lpe *rh4 l;kn2;6+byhfj aim 2rea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporatioc-fi6c0 +ooz /2n )v whgxjdz)n of water in leaves have on other parts of a planxfo 62n w+/)c0o)hzidg -vjzc t?

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and semilunar v i/fl,z uu.j;fj8:bhs alves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which t;/isfb .jfj :h8z ulu,he pressure in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded into the sieve tube unaided,t.kat -zc*ynq0;heb1 before being transported around tht kby-a 1h.;q* ceztn0e plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels z-2u5 to anc.0cuy -umin a developing shoot taken at 400× mu2aun0 .-oz 5-yc tucmagnification.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside xylem vessels to be loj 3, fu9x a9en+gtowca i,5s5n(*puxxwer than atmospheric pres ujx 3 gux+oe9 p,w9nna5sca(xt,*if5sure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil absorbd*se1 8h( 38w mjgd803ozu: vmxkdizced by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associated with pgish(6n )-e v/6bc- n lm,yyqnlaque buildup in the coronan q/ n s(-6,gc-nyvy)ebilm6hry arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highest ligninqm v51/ t6kjvl content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment hbo) 68mal;jf h2g2.xqxkz1zwhich used radioactively labelled carbon dioxide )x hm;o68g zhk2 1.2xb qlajzf(14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrastsqmbmdqht74 nc3 +/vc pyi;+)k2uq9 p the phloem found in the stem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represe d 8bq.k*qbr4vx.. 2z fpc4bm+ dv)dzp;zbm8cnts the solute concentration and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes near the l.zrb)db b8mc .cm2x*pq.zdvf k;z8vpb4q d+ 4eaves and roots?

  The image below representsm;gqx n wmzuz;vb,z( s7;d)(j the changes in pressure in the left atrium, left ventricle and t(wuq xsz; ,(7g; n)j;mvmzdbzhe aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correc g5.gm)5l7y kv tki,jotly identifies features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids hanof dw;f /5w8pw(gs4kve been used to study transpor g ;(5fw8fkpnwsdw/ o4t in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.