Which of the following does not cause coronary heart disease?2c/ lh5wlqz665qpyfpr3g 5 d9won)p y

  Which component of blood is mainly70ap4ac y )rhn7dt5qkn yk7r2 composed of water and transports water-soluble substances to different parts of the a4) 7kd yc7p 5aknrthq70y nr2body?

  Which of the following is/are azircd11;b( b k feature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct fo 5fb g/lgs25rjr sugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of b2qhf uulnrzfzad +r,1fu 5)639 6igonlood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering plant which is oft7 7-woyv 6w8rm(sus01 hdtvpaen used as a model for the study of s6v( -yp7uo1msdthws7wv8 0a reed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for the structure and function +a5y 2,xqhha zp3zsv.- sjbd6 of differj+yq-3 ,52 pxs azzhvash6b d.ent blood vessels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse section thron+h4u 3hc opa 3ve49eough a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling the frequenwz5 nh 2:x(f8b8n argwcy at which it beatr( xbw:f8h8a5w z2n gns?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which iyrw+4mf .483lrsemu9j3c b0y uwrk7 n s used to measure water uptake in pla8.jsn3u b0yr7w4r 4wr+mu lm cyek9f3nts.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s) isaakjn ;gc-e5 6/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the dep9hrxe3.b u y7:;m+bsoq z, yl7+jjcirection of blood flow into and out of the heart? 9+ bl xpjj. u7sr,qcyh+obz 3;meye:7

  The diagram below shows the structure of the h -trcjo 89zkvgtlxk); ;l1-vduman heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped into the k3w bwzg0nu0 /pulmonary artery?

  Which of the followihm e2ourrjgh:vj(2t4 u6o w; c6o1ue.ng carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhlz6.3jde yns eeu0*c 9esive properties of water allow xylem vessels to transport water inside plan dj*cl 30n u9.esezye6ts.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through during phloem loa n;*72ur rqcj8lf+nfnding?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of ar, pey5ie) loav9s4ndz(yu)8xw.y -wstery occlusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, wswypx-(y y uz)si.8 denv5o)l,9 4eaplastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory)nr lf11yo ea/ system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the)v+r an jf8m*yk/s1j v structure of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograph of a cross-sec8jzfy a.c 4nr(tion of a stem of zyf cj8.(nra4the monocot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the human heartxi rra21 kvq/(.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem of the monocot Zea Mays. ;c5x 6;k4p1g6 jx oetkxwmr..u**tib x7tkop

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves12ps rh9cpbe; have on other parts of a plan2hpbc1e;srp 9t?

  What is the position of the atrioventritcm 2 (1u/jujo j7;r izw6v ucsu+5n2ucular and semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the leu2uuurj n1ji;s 2wo +5c6z c7/m tu(vjft ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded into.k+)cf 4 9gaoecn sbo b(wn;/h the sieve tube unaided, before being w / e.anfc b4k)ohs9bcn;go+( transported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a developaz 8fo awrw3d2j51g :ying shoot taken at 400× magnificat:wa gda1j5ro yw z3f82ion.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside xylev c5mkugb0t1 g8- r-rrm vessels to be lower than atmos15mbkru c--08grg trv pheric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil absorbosu*+5cepm 8pcf /+h a x,/iz3lqs 6moed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors :yzpe2 6oflr9and consequences associated with plaque buildup in the coronarylzp6yoefr 2: 9 arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to havb*rmgr swn102;xx9x(volz() c kw9 yee the highest lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which used radioam n/6xbdlc11c7(vd2ovw/ 9ffhrj :coctively labelled carbon dioxide (1cf:cx/2 v wd ljv71 69dmrf( hn/co1ob4$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem and the root iit r+uupdfz o+9 shyqmiy4- 8y0,(0nof a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration and hydrostatic pressl36m ut6a1;tz kbfi 9cure within th mulz6tactfkib 91; 63e sieve tubes near the leaves and roots?

  The image below represents the chank,/i6 g: 6lj: raaapzoges in pressure in the left atrium, left ventricle a:a i ,rzjaolp:gk66/and the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the tablefd+, g 7s.z.f+lrkyte correctly identifies features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted into a plant. Aphiqh(iw)h0ur(0a0 u wa ids have been used toww 0au qr(haih i()0u0 study transport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.