Which of the following does n-m/f;,kjrllengj mp-+43s ljot cause coronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water and transports 5aeno-54fcila k(seo6i 56h hwater-soluble substan(i65nh a-5 asoc6lkei4e h5ofces to different parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a feature of phlotppc yhu; *.:b* ow+roem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar transporcsb0fvqzj9s /x08l 9kt in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of bloybx qi7*bx li sf6t1 :1m,q1htod in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering plant which is f118 sm nfyfxl gue6cua ysb8w*/8f;,often used as a model for the;nwueylusfm8xb*/8gc sf f1a ,f8y16 study of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for the structure and functi 6tf.*xtpma/don of different bloodtx mtp6.*a/ fd vessels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse section th//r/41h bfr9r)j ohulix/()p iyuy y yrough a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling the frequu(*k rdg*b;ytu :te:r ency at which it betg(dru yr* :u*:k;betats?

  The diagram below shows a potometer whichd hqm m )7fge78.stose.(x*nx is used to measure water uptake in planx o8sm.hs) de.t( xmq*gf7e n7ts.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s) is/are trklnwj zu0)i )zd(yz0tc zfedl (// 8.hue?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood flow into and +;lz6nt p,g .9tou.;t0bh0o ee szdb/n dp8ya out of the heara+.z, nbe dt 8;peudot6t0 9sgz ny;.0hbl/pot?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the human h)podo6e )nikqh c45 mf*o)e (feart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped into4o0r /fqeep4 sl fcamro0k,2bu l.x7 - the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following pzk/i f34v33deg xk6q carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive *t- 5s 3 cdlhkilxaqj:sy,.v+properties of water allow xylem vessels to transport water inside pl+ic a3l*ky -q:hssv5,txdlj. ants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrosg5bwt0q1x y1he pass through during phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusu4(c i+;b 8dp3lyaxoz ion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was seale+lai b8 (y 34;xpudzocd with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory system of a fish.oi/t uc2m.ay+(d 5 1oxt3fhg x


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the i+f3q5h xjx -f4hwq c(structure of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micr0f(n.wc nzww9 ograph of a cross-section of a stem of the monocot (0nwf.w cnzw9Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the human heanzppmjc;- ) -i*2brar rt.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem of the monrw4e -,k gsvuug nn6t5wwsk2h2yf/ -,ocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaveoit3m6r6 -hv xs have on other parts of a plant?6mhi-r 3xvt6o

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and semilunar valves at the powqki,b*ni:r05-u( d i uzbw7 gint i-r*ubi(ki w, ngb7z :qu50w din the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded intpmieu-xn 9wgd/eh7)z 1 t/t;wq- sao 6o the sieve tube unaided, before being transported around the plt-z epdw-t /7xw;6u1soh )9iamg e n/qant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylu3k(p 6 6(ulyco vclbj1p*x i0em vessels in a developing shoot taken at 400× mav6(iu 6jb kucp( c oxpyl031l*gnification.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside xylem vessels to be *;- tr)*21mmwmu8 nvk;.ggq )*f x p apyodnvolower than atmosphery *x vmo;2f;nt wud *g-qr p.gp8om)1nv)*amk ic pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil az6mp- ih ir0y5bsorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequiuz0 ;-m1rh riences associated with plaque buildup in the corom z1u-; 0hririnary arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highest lignin conten ye 0)oga,a:e5 vxt-:dazps*k*.l hizt?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment,xwpx r2fk/l)0oyp5 3so px2o which used radioactively labelled carbon dioxide (rxlfkop pos ox0wx)y 32/p 52,14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem and the root of a p+d72jr he ie8g,wj+e ulant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration and hydroagy zb,ytw nx+ u9 (kqp2b31n4static pressure withxywnb4 2yb ua139z nqgk p(+,tin the sieve tubes near the leaves and roots?

  The image below represent6fq)7bq1 jmqy 1lowqh) k):s cs the changes in pressure in the left atrium, left ventricle and thq161y :)h7)lfcombk qw sj q)qe aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly idp* 0 j2t/, wxa7sa,xtcb0u, 5tduqriuentifies features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted into a plant. A7i+9rf rdnm6he ro6k 4phids have been used to study trans6 k64e mir+rn9h7dr foport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.