Which of the following does not,j/ -bigazo9rw+k.nirhq 0 x+ cause coronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is ihgctplbl ng1q8();; mainly composed of water and transports water-soluble substances to different81g;;qnlphbi) l (ct g parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a l0 qq0-b oc7l9pkhlm2 feature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar transportc17 xn p/.ym y:vhtg,x in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of blood in a t jiu8 yik0lsjds; 090vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, i 8qs)y,sk)vwla:n05hhsrd u8s a species of flowering plant which is often used as a m8rs5hhw sy0ds,uknq)a l v: )8odel for the study of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not corret bey94*igfdb,ese8 9(r(q7uziw 3 mact for the structure and function of difqi73 r,9 by gee8 i(tabfdzw4* ms9eu(ferent blood vessels?

  The micrograph shows a trbiqzn2+ q9 bw)h2 v4gmt x(oexy)50zr k:mu5qansverse section through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in pcoz kc4ia9:a r1i2)ncontrolling the frequency at which it beats?pn2:aakzc)4 r ioi9c1

  The diagram below shoi lub/3 +3 m-imad8hfews a potometer which is used to measure water uptake in plants. 3 fbi mmeuh3l+i/d8 -a

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statementz(6 hzhi* (d./q kz 2o(lcoomj(s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood flow into ai5fxetn d;p, /nd out of the heax ;5d ,enf/tpirt?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the h3) tleqg1 *gq qs:umy/:9kpqp uman heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of t4e o3+x8 :erpg.1cbqav1f+f m bs,azrhe heart is blood pumped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated bljo7zwq pti 4h;2x)(rj z( bh6tood from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow x au/9+xs sdm6n7vcld) ylem vessels to transport water inside plxsac9ln/d+v 7 m 6ud)sants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass t ,hjvzdxak4; /hrough during phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery ock2-odak. f:1o4i m wfvclusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric po4wodvf 2:i f k-.ma1kump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below representsga:ra5 v 1su;b the circulatory system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structure of a heart. on86 312p ww9mza* rfyrui,lfmmg;t-

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograph of a cross-section o p kzheswr o2g,t,o.(d6a37hpf a stem of theskwh7a,z3(deh6 2 rop,p .to g monocot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the humaqok5;q +j4owa n heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem of the monocot Zeanec g1,lxj+rgvho6-uer m 4x* yie227 Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporati6vy -ow ;r v.ua/ik57u n9x*rck5gzolon of water in leaves have on other parts of a plant?wzuy-6.urv*n /lk7v;c kig95r5oo a x

  What is the position of the atrioventricular a to(n16 btmktfds 63p628vctind semilunar valves at the point in the ca1v36(6 pctm8d o2tkft sin6tbrdiac cycle at which the pressure in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded into ty d sf cx ,,2 b+oz8rmc*rj*;un5zp7vbhe sieve tube unaided, before being tranfd5 b x+prczm v2s jbo,;zr*,8yu7n*c sported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a developin;rl s 4azhc6,hg shoot taken at 400× magnification. ar; s h64lczh,

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside xhxdh /o+u5qt, ylem vessels to be lower than atmospheric ,qh5 /ohdx+u tpressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil absorbed by o8lhv:e+tijw : by- r:-x oghhc/)nl:roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associated with plaquyhkdn s;/ej0; e buildup in the coronary arteries. /d;hn; kjsy0e

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highest lignin bnf2, sy8+g sucontent?

  The graph shows the results of an experimcm(* 3ox cfco4ent which used radioactively labelled carbon dioxide x3om*c fo(c4 c(14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem aj+jmdk8sb /:4 qxm 6send the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the sol nwfrec5h/v*wnl 1rg iomv:y gm322rd*-y x(6ute concentration and hydrostatic pressure within yewf/v3n5(-*lrmx r gm*g2n:owc 62 hy1id vrthe sieve tubes near the leaves and roots?

  The image below represents e8t2 h*6rw:jizb gb 3+pckwoc/xc6 3 cthe changes in pressure in the left atrium, left ventricle and the aorta.po c68: 6g c3c3b/w+ejbr2x iczkt*hw

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies featurem i z;vykquwnzp50 y6*e8j2;v s of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted into a plant.;mtn- *cpqhl+e fi 8i/ Aphids have been used to study trn /8et +qi-*mc;pfhi lansport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.