Which of the following does not cause coronary heart dis5:(ax ;dw:nfp wk2q 1/yp hdoqease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water aofee 6j,u: b+bt/iv*v1 vssw/ nd transports water-soluble substances to diffeij1febs:u o/,s/ vb+tvv*e w6rent parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a feature o:wpcjke 0 8w8bf phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar z e5ow0xa1 ;cmtransport in phloem?

  What helps prevent thbl 8:wno3, lqd d9m8qodn ,6zt /pnh0ne backflow of blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering plant swpr//t6jc3q which is often used as//jw rcpts6q 3 a model for the study of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for the structure and function o2pczg c/0(ejh2 ukz/vf di 2ehp/ccz/(j 2 guzk0vfferent blood vessels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse section througrox lykm-t /jbr. /y5(h a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved gp z 5yn+/4xdp mit9+ein controlling the frequency at which it bea5mnig4/+ yt ex+9zpp dts?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to measure wate/z5j23trv bi pr uptake in plant2z tr3vb 5ipj/s.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statemeug-:o +si+fm jnt(s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood flow into a8y,fc k5ze fro; i4kuhs-4ct9 nd out of the heah9;48 5eur- k szt fyokfc,4cirt?

  The diagram below shows the structug-)t 4)y0n gwvtjyw2a8l0 omvre of the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the 0sn 1vd4gqi0+9jww t zheart is blood pumped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenateqlrj:k s )le;hz-23 ohd blood from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessels to transpo*:qw/im j rb)tv:za. trt wt a*/.mtb)r q: wvz:jiater inside plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through during phloem loading8/ 3rfnun.z og?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusmwjubf (q-5 0ar qybyqc9*g41gp 64jzion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experi(bjq61 ypgf zw*-4qc5qu9yrj bagm 4 0ment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory systek fxip m0(*8hsm of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows tdak+zpca2.4r0pm0m .,cimn cxg 3 +kc he structure of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograph of a cro/ 1u*if 0z;t:hl fdc;*wm8c-izrwk l pss-section of a stem of the monoco*;um1 8fi l*h if:ldzp wrw-0 cctz;k/t Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the h c8 e5ohso+q2,6j+wc 7rb wnobuman heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph r bsp6 7yar:e8of the stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation oy*6id+n6wuhrfwzo9lff * q/ )f water in leaves have on other parts of a planuh)w+wf6o*/*yd6q ln rfzi9ft?

  What is the position of k)we2j.4 glg othe atrioventricular and semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in t 4e2ljgo w).kghe left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being p;rk)kg(, ru classively loaded into the sieve tube unaided, before being transported around the plk kug r,(;)lrcant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows+ndt,l)tltos42nyw, the xylem vessels in a developing shoot taken at 400× magnifican ,o ys wl+,ttl)n42dttion.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside xylem vessels to be logm(2 rbl*gz/0zfs:odwer than atmospheric p/z r*ds(bzo2l ggf0:m ressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the sd9h/l*ovx)yr8qeu+zpf ; h2 moil absorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associated with plaque buildup in + tt tlcur6/p2the coronary arteries.ttlcp2 / +t6ur

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have theu q5;). twtrx,xzypj vln24ydx0o 9+o highest lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment wh)hw8e bu 2fjdtd 3p+8hich used radioactively labelled caej+3htfb8dp8udwh) 2 rbon dioxide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the st gixx)0nf/ tj2em and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration as- 72j)nbr;jd4bdbr wnd hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes near the leavesb- d;b42rn)rb jjw7s d and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in prembuj.v 2 +yw,lssure in the left atrium, left ventricle and the aolv+m.y 2,uwj brta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies features of nrfb.0h+gk5 lsieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet insertedqj :t gi;h lmi)s r2m*l1s40bi into a plant. Aphids have beenlq0l2 r *ji4ii gbm1)tm:;shs used to study transport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.