Which of the following does not cxs cxpo/-lz /:jlo 9 v3;1fqmaause coronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water x)9 ,xlrof -.t9aweh4on0f zxand transports water-soluble substances to eoaxnxr4 9wo9f)f0.x- zl,t hdifferent parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a featu 4o3tlzr 3g33x 4gnjprre of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct q b9xv1q7jek vt8) .trfor sugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of blood in a 12siq:8(; gmtxjv77gzl +k/tetu u rs vein?

  Zea mays, pictured belo:t .sp-ccka-5tsh jdfp2fm/gn9 g(,yw, is a species of flowering plant which is often used as a model for the study of seed anathcn 59.-ga(cdpjfg-s f,ymt/p2 stk :omy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for the structure and fun4gc01i 2 +;ag rniyr9at2sulnction of diff2ic1 ;9 gi4yr gn0arua+lstn2erent blood vessels?

  The micrograph shows 7mfw8dk)s jm6 pwp,m 9a transverse section through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling xegu icos- n5z6d;n1c fg: 54a:atnt1the frequency at which it beats?ndcc;es :u1 o5z1 g- tn45a6gfia ntx:

  The diagram below shows u;gxw7y8vrau vwi )d-r2kh2gr6 uw /,a potometer which is used to measure water uptake in plan6 w wg;ydw 2rugak,/xu r) v7uvr-82hits.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s) is/are trueath4i)sx85 pp?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction-wiwz/r ewyv 0w c7/7u of blood flow into and out of the heart ewc7z-ww7v/i0 wyru/ ?

  The diagram below shows the structure of 60w ehnqhfc (.the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped into the pulmonary arkovqg)1 r:zpl wl.a20 tery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to t9z6g 1 l mykxcc0v.;qehe heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive prozud5 3iti6h s:perties of water allow xylem vessels to transport w6ish3 dz5:ut iater inside plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through during phloet 5,ktvc .oot*tu* :uym loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusion on blood p wdr 3vv-:zsk2ressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Stv3rvz: wd2- skudents measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory system p; 4i4qsarwst /9sgd1cr. zv )of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structure of9d-yvlf tvk 81 a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an e29gus11 j l1b4q(m nh kncnvu 8su8g.ulectron micrograph of a cross-section of a stem of the monocot Zek 1s8cqu .4bnu8jl(2 gnmsgu uv91n1 ha mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure4yy 7y .wo7hhk of the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the s3e;g6 c, db zw2eazb-( nbmi,btem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves have on other parts onl 1xlfz l:fc6.a,mu/7wtd:29wmqrg f a plam ,xu.1narltl w::glcz 9 67d /m2wqffnt?

  What is the position of the hee,(wl (zm(matrioventricular and semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the left ventricle is the grea,(lh mze(wme( test?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded into the sieve tunmv 0 :f/s 4jg54imrelbe unaided, before bg: lvs4jrm5mf /0n4eieing transported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below sh(rbwz7- u n/o;mu9himpe;jq7 ows the xylem vessels in a developing shoot taken at 400×n7rmzhm;q u e 7/;-ub9o(pwij magnification.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the5gamy 8. yr* w6mt)kz7f-goqg pressure inside xylem vessels to be lower than atmospheric p7og 8t-mz5gkag.)y *wr 6q myfressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil absorbed be)j4ym :vqx8o d: s)qcy roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associaesv84 :-ik3tog6akql2e c/gp ted with plaque buildup in the coronakva2 8i34eo: gq/6-s gkpceltry arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highest lignin conten( ak4:i8cklsr c/;-lir:alm1 *rxi tvt?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which used rad1d1ubr zspt.. ioactively labelled caszrd. .1b1t purbon dioxide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the ste )pcnn: ai;b 9h:ux/gmm and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration and hydrostat0gu ;//huie2y xi b49vf8dxoiic pressure within the sieve tubes neaub2 i;/gu4e9iy 0/hi x 8xvdfor the leaves and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressure in the left atr aon, h6xerx)-ium, left ventricle and6eahrn ,x-o x) the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly idenp(7keyqljq 05 cnk u)7tifies features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet i *gd(e/ju bs3lnserted into a plant. Aphids have been used to study transport ibs/ *dl3j(ue gn plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.