Which of the following does not cta67.os:y wrzause coronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water and tr3 3;lhzi8zgxi dz*3 q.ki kwuzg*ge33ansports water-soluble;i33iq* *gxi8ghk u z3kl edzzzwg.33 substances to different parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a feature of phloem?8sm x.h uqz3n is6)tg/
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugai8gjr q lpw.t; 28n-ksr transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of blood in iex7q7 ci v, iu+ed4xt2cg0l1a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured b,8,m 8vz 6 g*w6nabka wxj0oyaelow, is a species of flowering plant which is often used as a model for thow,a8z6 n6 wk vy m*8,ajgbxa0e study of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below ipvc1zv;q* gcftbc:b 51c h+y +s not correct for the structure and function of different blood ctv;1cc*bvq+bc gp+ yz:h1f 5vessels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse section through a leair3 oq.xt4 3tyxd jp7)f.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involve +*/ ,;inzvke-nsl8 str 8hphld in controlling the frequency at which it bepzle/r s*k+ nthv8s;l,h i 8n-ats?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to measure water uptake in planel t6v +-/gbgw*s wr*nts*g6bws/g nvlt w+re* -.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statemen1vg7se2*z k:efaqs +r t(s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the dir z dswwn/rmv/17 r*xu.ection of blood flow into and out of the heart? dnruxvw wr/sz. 71*m/

  The diagram below shows the structure of the human hear/4;an1pju63/ol ah xgs/xtk at.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heartd4krogu)4 bpp*;68d s ns+ahe is blood pumped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood from thf/pqtp qqn ;lv- -zw43 ;ypu,ve lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive protlp -1sw9 ;6frw herz/dy9mn)perties of water allow xylem vessels to transport w-/ ;dptlyw9rw9)z6 e nmrs1fhater inside plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass th/lt0g2bmbg)x cdf0,n1* gsrxl2 7psg rough during phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusion on blood pressure, stujomb;l8ef,)t dents set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to jet, ;f l)b8oman electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory sy zwox,5zg3z+3 f,jijzstem of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structu2xl)blc5 rl5o re of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograph of a cuf z6dv59x7ed ross-section of a stem of 6d9 xfvuzd5e7the monocot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the human heart.zb.ckmlvslw238 (pu1 s 0ss)y


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an e(up/y7*vx szc lectron micrograph of the stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves have on other parts of a pla nt2i3 cq j)wqa/:hm9gnq)m/wna2q ci:htg93j t?

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and semilunar valves w0kcp7mzw,j : na)8 r+lscfc( at the point in ts jczr(:k+0wc ,a7n8lfwm )pche cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loadx6,rg) v2 glwhed into the sieve tube unaided, before being transporte2w6 gr lhx,vg)d around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xyl paizm e8. 0e)6-4yeg ickj.mqem vessels in a developing shoot taken at 400× magnificati z-e)iip.yj q6eam c0g84mke.on.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor tiig3* zqn,qc*ugp79ey u8 ,vt hat causes the pressure inside xylem vessels to be lower i gge u,8uin93 tvzq*qyp ,*7cthan atmospheric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions iv-gxejw+l p s,9ea0rwh37f2sn the soil absorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associatd*oj):nkmdw , ed with plaque buildup in the coronary arte,dm nj wk:*)odries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highest lignin t dsveltlejjkh01g uv,w jl-1 t;;567 content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which used radioactively labelleduvh) l6h9m 7 tp+2ehns carbon dioxinvt u6s)hlhh + e79pm2de (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem and ycz4 z ,;t0yb;c/w0 ak2o,kt-ce vewzy1ab7d the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best representm 26aoj)+ bl* jekkckm;d f19ri ,m;dls the solute concentration and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubdb k mmj;26k)j9c ;m l*dilar e,fok1+es near the leaves and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressure 3 l 3im1lryt9hin the left atrium, left ventricle and the aortah t3lmri y913l.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies features of sieve tube elements? /el27u .xow rt

  This image shows an aphid with its styzrl.d4rx b b )mc1v9mq,w 4gv,let inserted into a plant. Aphids have been used to .g491rblcv ,m,vd b)q x4w mzrstudy transport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.