Which of the following does not ca/gqn8qmu6e nal6 :, rause coronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood z znmfu9nte/4- 1 i/oqis mainly composed of water and transports water-soluble substances to diff uoiqm9 en zt/4-fn1z/erent parts of the body?

  Which of the following is1jwqe lu4/m na2 .sx)b/are a feature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for . u--qwi.u obqsugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of3sm n5uq(d v)q9fzmt wm*k (o; blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a s 8ld70()w vkl okjf4js1k ee-apecies of flowering plant which is often used as a model for )8(1fejsk ed o 07 lva4wkljk-the study of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for the structure and fu zkw+y5-r-7 gszi4q yynction of different blood-z5z g i4+sq y-w7ykyr vessels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse secti+ d-s85 vi2jeohb k1nqon through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the horbdvpcd r*1kf 9yt);o*op p.v 849dreart is involved in controlling the frequency at which it beats? tov )or9*d1pk*8fvcrp4do p9r by.d ;

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to rdy.c-*g wl(smeasure water uptake in plan wc*ry (ds-l.gts.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s)c ; t)2(oqqs zkaf:,4wmcxsq. is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of bloodbu 2ki:5 -ylhijc-7gt flow into and out of the heartigc-k5u2bl:7i yj-ht ?

  The diagram below shows the structure of th)o* u hmt 7483lov6d imiy:*yocem5fhe human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped into the pulmonarznx0n53m 5whodxa 9v+y artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the h gj.btg;5d c4ueart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vess5,ntha b9,vn 0ekq t3tar*pg 5els to transport waaktt,g5 tv9a b0hpnq *n, r3e5ter inside plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose passq-x f zl8hmmb1c 8nt i.-yrav) w/.fl; through during phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusion on blood pressure, st 13qe)mr: hus64ukbteudents set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water streauu hts e63m:kb 1r)4qem travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory v 7.evlkfg55isystem of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structu,aq dlr 7ozo3fu69e hr+rm4-rre of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograph of a yj yo5jxbvi,jml;1-i g+7 )plcross-section of a stem of the m vil5pyl+, o-jm;7)jxiyg bj1onocot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structur7i ilgoch 88-r4io0owe of the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electrog b r,te6.r.ton micrograph of the stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporvgrci; b (er (b93 p.0em6g jo2ww.znhation of water in leaves have on other parts of a plant?z0. w3jem(;eg ( nbpoigr6v2h .r9wbc

  What is the position of the atrioventrzt0/h(vk(et c icular and semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the left ventricle is the grevh(et0z tc/( katest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded into the sieve t/qk90hzq* (q fmgp9c gube unaided, before hc/(qkq q9 zf9*gmp g0being transported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a developingcbd rig91r16nczug;5 shoot taken at 400× inzd c5ggc11rr6 ; bu9magnification.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside xylem vessels r*be24bs i x1 vyq.6qvto be lower than atmospheric pressure?rqyv.xsbe 61ibq v*24

  How are most mineral ions in the soil absorbed byks: *z o7)ure-3ukxfi roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and co4+ej qswjnk -,nsequences associated with plaque buildup in the coronary arterik+jjq- 4,nsew es.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the higxx/m1s8ex* 0 s;krpy qhest lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment whicnn 9sk11zcu jn.-hsq ef e27uoeke6nu6 1 df22h used radioactively labelled can1ue hqu jduk so2 ce2 sn-617.e912 k6nfzefnrbon dioxide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem foidnfi)+vb 4 q1z- l6ft/ tj0axund in the stem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration and h8 m1(qebfn5jf*m- (ssxunq ,d 8lj1dkydrostatic pressure within the sie,mm-ex8j1 u*fqbfl1dsn5kj dq( s 8n (ve tubes near the leaves and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressure in the left atrium, left v46ts g(p*utcr tu uy)1s*a0csentric ty60*gurcttus1)4c*p(as usle and the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly i r;+ar0bes-xl q2i2l:bem.q 5yl5+m hcc mj7odentifies features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted into a zpl6 :xev(f*bhw c455l3 mu qmplant. Aphids have been used to study transpo p4m l 3uhz(vm5cl5fx6:*wbqe rt in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.