Which of the following does not cause coronary heart dhw ckp8niaim6u76(4 nisease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water and transpow ef8 p/kzh/b0rts water-soluble substances to different parts of the bodw0p/b8h /z feky?

  Which of the following is/ :girzzi0d7uc9w5b 9aare a feature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar transport inn+*4yloxy iw1 phloem?

  What helps prevent the u3q csp* prxp u5mn80yq1z11o backflow of blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured belotw7cs*ijl04wjzp avg3zy: l*mebs 4*)e -* x iw, is a species of flowering plant which is often used as a model for the study of seedy4l jves gi0*i7)awc p*4 3l* s: zme-b*xjtwz anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for;ftp n.cqvtw(u r;9r/ the structure and function of diffeq9cntu;/wfrtp r(v . ;rent blood vessels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse section through a li6x w h. vs:jcw;qk;q8eaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involveqj ewwuu:l4:j1) e;ugd in controlling the frequency at which it beatq1:u)gwjlee; ju4:uws?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to measure wateyuv k0 7v2nlpmo4g5:or uptake in plants. u2n0v4pl koyg5m v:7o

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(pqyl-g9va. z5;j df3p s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the di ,mcl27w 9lxdnrection of blood flow into and out of the heart? wx lncd ,97ml2

  The diagram below shows the structu .a l4zbvlcl:h 5y+(vkre of the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of tkc:54 ae6ovvg he heart is blood pumped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carf5 hlfh(-p(n. 1qe:ptsno(wx ries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of wateruayxia* 77gzk; rdt,bzkm63 h:qr5 n / allow xylem vessels to transport water /rmthy z36,75i zr7qxdu nkg:a akb;*inside plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through during a+03mf;:sl/ wyknf kkphloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation inrcdm c c*+mi y+kdvl 55*l4rv)to the effects of artery occlusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was *+*k +vcvydcli)5 rcmr5m4 dldrilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory up:u4--8bqh esnbwmks. e , y3 kc8:3rs vgr)osystem of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shcy;o,;ilhi,0+a m hvp.v3a q wows the structure of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograph of a cross-z a br o8p4yykm5t +*k2a.vy6dsection of a stem of the mono ym 4+t 8av y2yz6a5k.prdk*bocot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the sk cy/s xn9eqf6bb,20ywe59 zgtructure of the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrbi 5 veb 5:* pn1ah8) upv; (/4nbakim3psiskpograph of the stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporauu a yw625n0pxsoa)6g +4,wzmnh oq5ktion of water in leaves have on other parts of a planoa ug54q2hz0apxwy, m+k5ns6 n6w uo)t?

  What is the position +iyle vb;zosd;i g) 6:xo7,knq( 7uynof the atrioventricular and semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the left ventricle is the ( ;uyq);bn :o e+iyo7i6zlsgd xnv7k, greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded into the sieve tube 8;t4t)mdjy(ilcf g 2wunaided, before being transported aroungtyt lc(4f; j2d)8wmid the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels inbyhd 4lo,bjs6 y ey+ z*ipfx 8o04x-r; a developing shoot taken at 400× xi 4 hjf4bsoy0*x8o6;d, b-rlyyzep+ magnification.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main facto0 a( z(i mvlx)9k9vx2urzuy 0nr that causes the pressure inside xylem vessels to be lowerxu0v 9 0zailv(( )kynz urxm29 than atmospheric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soijlsj p l(0*n*sl absorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associated with plaque buildup in tw/xqt-xy g/r :he cor :/tw xqrg-yx/onary arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highest lignin c0gkwl td8 6d:wontent?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which used radioactively labevx/7 vc ,w6qehlled carx/6vhce 7qwv, bon dioxide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem g3u,rz w;/op 95forpjand the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration and hydrostatic pressure with*mw0 v;w/.d cv9 kkfydin the sieve tubes near thevk;.w /d vymk f*0wd9c leaves and roots?

  The image below representsyo*ze s 6jf8w;61-/njxg jxh x the changes in pressure in the left atrium, left ventricle and the aortno6xhwgyf1/* jzs;8x e 6j-jx a.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies features of sieve tube element1zravfa;9c( st c wl 0-j.jd+zszf9 a8s?

  This image shows an aphid with its8fw34dwiymniwo6bntm 8s.ff1 u/ 0.dpdxc0, stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids have been usemwf .noi0,s.3dnuf f xp1/twb60dym w4c 88idd to study transport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.