Which of the following does not cause coronary heartuqi uny6jnw0r5 j4 dg*( ow x7zs5s/6 /sf+vtl disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composa fuor7lo913mk a.32 ufs s3gded of water and transports water-soluble substances to du3fakl 3fgua932 1mssod .7or ifferent parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/hs/z mh83ey 3t5-gt jjare a feature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar g6kww ml2 .6m,(nklnutransport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of blood in a veiu((fr mbytde0 hpm0qd 2x-*8v n?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering plant which is oft nka8mlb /i8z9en used as a model for i 8zb8nla/km9the study of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the tabsru/sgnsu* 0ib( f6 k;le below is not correct for the structure and function of different blood vesse*(uknsss g/ 0;rub6fils?

  The micrograph shows a transvex-hce8. pq ,jcrse section through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling the frequency8c7 kd-4da fydsnmmpou76f9 3 at which it beatsfknpm86d4sf d-c3 y m79 dauo7?

  The diagram below shows a pot9jd *tq jwl)3tometer which is used to measure water uptake in plant lq*9wtdj)t3 js.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the followi+o2-mp66zq u :zdtorq ng statement(s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood flow into a/* uq,;n:c pap3jmauz : :bwgcnd out of the hea: : wjmcg;ca*nu3p/au:bzq,prt?

  The diagram below shows the stw4o dadw/x 7c7ructure of the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped into r nv9 pxh)s(ocdz5*h36c / lldthe pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to th7l ecm1p wmf*uk3u-t .e heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessels to transvn(yotw4b r-vn,cyy v :c5m+ )rk5v e.1bc(jf port watee(rjn w4.: v,v+)nc -(v ytb5ymcb1cy5ofvkrr inside plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass throug- x;qan :icvah70bd li,d:r *fh during phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation int1v1e-pewg+kmu h rk7+o the effects of artery occlusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, rep+u g7e+ h1wk-v 1rmkepresenting an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory syste-b*guqtb+.b-bw* lgl5v ep8;cgs4 wy m of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the /mv2n9x)05xqfjunbm i adz-2 structure of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograph of a cup 5vz ty 9ylew;w196((cemugross-section of a stem of the monocot Zea maysyeg5z v(w9 9e upy1mt cw(u;l6.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structureknxu /b5,) s;ype4h)osroeu 2 of the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron microgra52nrn6 bqr svj3br-9 gph of the stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves have on other part q;lxgfp(i7wib, 67k zs of a pla7 l;gf,ikw pzq6(ixb7nt?

  What is the position of the br-5kutva6neyv i3 ;)atrioventricular and semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure ;vabk3 5ryiuvn)- 6 tein the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded into the b(mn xb+k.p*xw 9lp1u.a7vxy sieve tube unaided, before being transpo..lmkypw9ban *(xvxb u1p+x7rted around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem bo * unma*g+tq,r0 cn*vessels in a developing shoot taken at 400× magnification. **anrog +,* tqunm0b c

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside xylem vessels to kmhyff2 o8v oam.*fuhj0 1h21w 8.sx* u hg(qcbe lower than atmoao8uh2vhmmcf81qg*hy .woj*2sfx0 k1 (u fh .spheric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil l, 99ubva4 cyt kac7d/t lg71fabsorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and conse9c sr*6 7;s-gyh wjfnu7aaoi+o cam0.quences associated with plaque buildup in the coronary arteries-oy7o c09 fh a7.srswcg+a*inj6mu; a .

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highest lignin cocwy(z:5u zm* qu q0dw)ntent?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which used radioactively labell pq) 3v-ttyx3fsr.u -red carbon d)qtt f. xp3- r-vr3yusioxide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem and the root2*i s0e swypcyzhu qj66z ;*y5 of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concenac;wphdp)ud5 mv584bnh*) 0kxc2h n h(9ijds tration and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes near thn) c n2c k5vhi4)8 s * hhhj;09pdxwbuddam5p(e leaves and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in preskh0ipoz-: r; x 4ph8tmnfg2vz-t)l,sr 7m7nt sure in the left atrium, left ventricle andn-tog)ns,t7-tphkzmh r zf4x;2v7m0 l 8pri: the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifiey rg3(x7wf(tfs features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid witgzf0097l. lgdt mi5ajh its stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids have been used t7 it. mg009dzagl 5jlfo study transport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.