Which of the following does not cause coronary heart d5/ llpgy nr5l +(gexh.isease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of wamxyq (pu+e8 4uter and transports water-soluble substances to dix+ qu4 mye8(upfferent parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a feature of phlnuys /5:lku y:oem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar trg.*k nh o us*2kynz26r(wwkk5je 1o ,qansport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the m h) 880yl,-cpxhdojg ms*p,w backflow of blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured bel flu2g+1khh 9now, is a species of flowering plant which is often used as a model for the study of seed anato+u1kg2fh n hl9my.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for the structure and functiux:i 8g/d t1(cac- k.l0e (rax4txeo p8; jztion of different bloo(88tikeot (axup c0gti dxaj:/er1c; x.-l 4zd vessels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse section throug ;fdpq6.n k1bh2iub5ik *q2vgh a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling the frphm.bp5,i pc:1ieim;2pd una6 ; x zb)equency at which it be ei6m xuc;pzn1 a.ph2i;)bpm b5 :d,ipats?

  The diagram below shows a potomete3xs 5 u;e*mhxzr which is used to measure water uptake in plants.z; hmu* exs53x

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following :5uu)ep*llaso2v *p gstatement(s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction l6 ixxn,qbm.* of blood flow into and out of the heart?ml,6x *qnix.b

  The diagram below shows1emprl(h ,tbcmqz9tj r -z,3 8 the structure of the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped into the pulmonary f8-ab,u6npf+p dt;n nartery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenatr)urj1f6h x9mcl9r0 hed blood from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesivem+yn66 e2och1f)r7 lg *uievq properties of water allow xylem vessels to transport water inside 6er 1gl76hc)2qyfi*uone m+vplants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through during phloe8 ara .n0o 69ebzkus(lm loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusion on blood pres 70 xn:o0tpgo4v c gv8k:fdy(ysure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distan t(y8c :n7gfgvxoy4vokp0 0d:ce the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory system of qe ,g2//rl h cf)*n uujpxci :*r-in4na fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structure of a h2 t/ xhxsdfa+m(q 36 24i;aqlckw8qqzeart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograph of a cro/hf 3ux 7 q- qbu:+7rqu9pazross-section of a stem of the monocot Zea mays.oqpu7b u q+urf7 r3x:9-hzqa /

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of theenypt e4 36hldxk+8x5 human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electroni)rg,8uf2q w,ji op;5s gwt.o micrograph of the stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of f w 5k*b.u(qwmwater in leaves have on other parts of a plan (q5m.uf wkbw*t?

  What is the position of;m1inawa 0tt*: ce.u d the atrioventricular and semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the leftd:ac w.ute m 1t;*an0i ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded into the sieve tuu5wgy ,1ssen0be unaided, before beu w1ns, g50seying transported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a devel0 ljg+,gg+fhk qk32s boping shoot taken at 400× magn+l+03fbkk hj2qsgg g ,ification.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor )cuk)5o r/u 9iu+kial that causes the pressure inside xylem vessels to be lower than atmospc/ ru)ao+9 kklu)ii5uheric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil absoeksx8qke 6 gpdiu9(-2 rbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and c o5y9q4tyml6y+ q:-ljp 1 wmudonsequences associated with plaque buildup in the coronary art mq wllp:-oy5jt9uyq 1+4d 6myeries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the hi.cdn na3td3rbd-d 2f ;ghest lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which3 kkwlzw.awk 3* x2jo+ used radioactively labelled carbon dioxio 3kjzwwal3 *k+kx2.wde (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem and the root ofe51/x) kj8ikcxw8d2n 8j vfip a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration and hydrostatic pressurx/rlerh) 90zhf8 az r+e within the sieve tubes near thexrze+l)rh 9za/r0hf8 leaves and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressure in the lef1yt-dlh33tbapmo90dhq x t1-t atrium, left ventricle and the aorpb0 lmqt ty3 xoh1dh3-a d-t19ta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table co pdqw,qx2xt1 f6;nhg 5rrectly identifies features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its styleviq9y, 6qnnb;)-2rr :adxa ku8dxwv3t inserted into a plant. Aphids have been used to study transport in planarnxx9d 3v:n uqaw, dy8 i) 6rqk;2v-bts.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.