Which of the following does not cause coronary heart hk c in(u./5nf8l- drk 3rho2vuc8bf2disease?

  Which component of blood is maikod4/, 2im,x(qg )j+gpqz b4l*bvpx8tk /mfpnly composed of water and transports water-soluble v8 g f)mb,q ,/xk (mi4zj+dqkpgpbp*o x42l/t substances to different parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a feature of phuwmse-5,fs k n;ts.7x 3+dhtxloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is clat7ha-+jx; kprwbx* n60 n6qorrect for sugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow o (mof(uv m dx,2giqd,4f blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below,u7j cnsh:-2rg is a species of flowering plant which is often used as a model for the study of seed anatomy :jg nr7hc-2us.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for the str.jp4cfq(s 3kmucture and function of differen4fk (jcpm3.sqt blood vessels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse section through a lyl4zi sgt3 z)0eaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling the frequency at which it gv ro.h*-m7 a6eueed8ny p 8t3beu. a7e g-68eov t8m*reh3dnypats?

  The diagram below shows a poto)rq ebd/hdkq0 cn9-4wmeter which is used to measure water uptake in planr/cdqehq- 4 dbw)09nkts.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?1bncr zf1t4 6lh+d:vm
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood flow indb+eahez -rv9z x+- fx9p l/ 8l2hmlc1to and out of the heart?x2z bl+ch-e8m9l +a zerpxf/d9-lv1h

  The diagram below shows the structure of the human heand a jq ,fjdt15g/x.+frt.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is n / 4hhv ic9j--k xnp)aw+-jogblood pumped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated bloodjz u.ye5og90t from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive prop 3w;5c*8o*w.sch6va psqeqq perties of water allow xylem vessels to transport water inside plantsah8;.3e 5c6*qqp c*vqpw sswo.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through duri(ys+ 3ho b+mtxng phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the me,c )hj m(s9rcwn5o+z *.zmh effects of artery occlusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned +hro(hj 9smm w)5emzc, zn*c.on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory system of a*ocf.(qzhl -w n+ uroeme2 u;5 fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows::dksw3 p(hkve9h2) g8pzogz the structure of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electpns9)xhq7e divmu,+z l7*er-ron micrograph of a cross-section of a stem of the mon*zehe7uvq),n+ mr-p 7sl9x d iocot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structujmd9tq4jf :pz(.x6yvxyl q) rb1x 5 ,kre of the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an el5e0w -2vtj(b x nyj,/uicmc(pectron micrograph of the stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves havu/2svd gk.5lbz 3p 5kce on other parts of a plaz3 pcl kk5u2v/bd.g5s nt?

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and sei x6c ldx:3glo.r6 blvi8cj-5milunar valves at the point ini 3c6g:.clorij dvlb-x85x 6 l the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being p1iclmh 6h5dw,;k g;hnl4y-tvassively loaded into the sieve tube unaided, before beingthkl,n 1dgh- hc ;w; yi45mvl6 transported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a developing shoot b.o j8gds8oj3 ncuz6-taken at 400× magcz 3sjojbd8on.6ug-8 nification.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pres 0gpk 80f8:0cgy;-jxdgblr ke) wz hp,sure inside xylem vessels to be lower than atmosphe, wfheg0l:gy;kdkc0zr)p b x0p8j - g8ric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil absorbed by root:c9 f;9hwgakz s?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associated with plrpc 0wm)++ljiaque buildup in the coronary w i0)p+rm +ljcarteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is09he w8p nvw,f likely to have the highest lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of 8e4-.kr f/agsru,dx q6sl7bo*cu d3kan experiment which used radioactively labelled carbon dioxid7fgk deb/6 usxr3-, a c.sklu4 r8*oqde (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem and the root of a plan1dq,zdn; )p(h u b0jzzt.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the sol/xs ob dk+:y;9 .2gu dnbp5drnute concentration and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes near the leaves and roots? b9+:n25dbn/d oyx rp.s kg;ud

  The image below represents the changes in pressure in the left atrimsnc ,dm9ekxc --7i7r um, left ventricle and- nie cr-dm7 xs7mck,9 the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correcyrvke*bluk 1* hv j/6(tly identifies features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted incrq bosc :q2enb,2q3( to a plant. Aphids have been used to study transport in plantssc,noqr2c b2:ebq 3q(.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.