Which of the following does not cau;bu8*87s0lg+ s5 v0mgxc(+ad pbtd fzd)tlre se coronary heart disease?

  Which component of bx 2fh /.lt xca1bio 3 6qrd2k 12upxncbrlw)21lood is mainly composed of water and transports water-soluble substances to different partcth6 11 lbcap 22)i.xul wxr rbq2 1dxo23fn/ks of the body?

  Which of the following i/ ,itofhznu(. qi1e/ws/are a feature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar trand62h at)0nxl8dl7gi :5ulek dbq3p r3sport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backfl + 1wo(kj j1ud3mje qlp(yy7l/ow of blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species ofol)m2+ 2mphc;lk n )pb flowering plant which is often used as a model for the study of skbnhop ;2+)l)cp ml2meed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for wm i5vnb: 9(nne6/xkhthe structure and function of diffex hnv:( w/nnmei6b 9k5rent blood vessels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse secj sq )f)e*(+mxmk7*zi 8tiqpn tion through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling4 *n3,zmnkyp(7me-fdu2 st 6ta2cu pj the frequency at which it beamna23(tmp2zkt f 6 n-y ,*spuejdc7 4uts?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to measure water uptakezvlu5s-54gpry3f un *lri. 0v in plan3 vg*l5f 0u4lyiuznrvr5sp- .ts.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following state 7klmi (a;/iuiment(s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood flow k akp7 kc2nrk73 7f9rlinto and out of the hearpcl7 nk7k9akrkr2f7 3t?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the hum+s8o; c dqc3qian heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped into the pulmonaryw) eye+g;n/vb artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood from l9cn:ms ,*n*u m4m1(fo6d znq /iskputhe lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties np.o y46r:md vs(t un1of water allow xylem vessels to transport wate(py4nu1n: v.tor 6dm sr inside plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through during phztcp)b8pbt7hhs -, ale 1q 33zloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects o9a63 q lzs(nlms s,*baf artery occlusion on blood pressure, students93lzb(s nl,mssa*q 6a set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represbdihbi1wil+) tx z( 8b l/sh-6ents the circulatory system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structure ozg h6w3 oilf t (ge)8vj1)8kghf a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electax6rn4ba :00 pmv,58:vk e-hw v bpmgoron micrograph of a cross-section of a stem of the monocot Ze40vr -6xv0,v eh a 5m:bk :nw8bppomgaa mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the c1u(;z 5zid,ulp*or w8w6tn dhuman heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem of jkzm1-l3s3p y2:yw g tthe monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves have on other parts ofp*l 5n8czeefxrk 7-w jvkrv98*3 kg4r a planv*wnk jlvf87e k58 ekr-rx* 3zr4p9gct?

  What is the position of the atrioventricular 8agg 2se,tzkx8njdt c9z 0*p4and semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the left ventritn8 p9kez8 gx42,0zj gc s*dtacle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively lox ajnz*-l2 l c(ooss+2aded into the sieve tube unaided, befo z2(+ oasnsl*jcx2-lore being transported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a developing shoot taken at *5-yea ed whr:400× magnif:*wa 5hy de-reication.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside xylem vessels to be lowaydr-:ii 16c wer than atmoa:iwircy-d 6 1spheric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil a(7r5kp ,wl z mko4vc-x5r dt/sbsorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associated with plaque buildupr z.evxn /ydzvo *n01pgs g66hvd;o, , in the cordvd, vxgg01yrh.o;pnz e,6/z*o6ns vonary arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely8q -u isgockk.c :0ow. to have the highest lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which used radioact2/dxiy. at b9cge*-ksively labelled ca/s2kxta d 9.yigc*b-erbon dioxide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the *xd6dsk ez2i:phloem found in the stem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentrat6k t yv,euc1z*cvu,p 2ion and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes near the leaves and roots? ,,6tcvpc1 zvuk ey2u *

  The image below represents the changes in pressure vh ;a5ztop1 cfkt2,.nin the left atrium, left ventricle and the aor 1nptkv,zhtaf ;.c5o 2ta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifieu6e*-qq gsrv 6s features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with ol*tw2g6k mdpcd36 9z a ((jqbits stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids have been used to study trans(k *d ozqjw63 (p cbla9tm6g2dport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.