Which of the following does not cause coadxz7u jdw3di q1jpr l52 31+zronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water6gom-e (k(dt c and transports water-soluble substances to dif((ket6 d-g omcferent parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a feature of phlox** y 2/dffrlhem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar tran:g917 ehhw tensport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of blood in a veh l ; :h5rjyz t6dl/dswzk/kb3-:.xlq, k9 qafin?

  Zea mays, pictured belo7mk8;),:m8 jcmm ) ijtcmu mvnw, is a species of flowering plant which is often used as a m;)m8mkc)7 cmmm:8j,imt vujn odel for the study of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below v2a i g xz5i:* wpojt3c.tur+*is not correct for the structure and function of different blood vesselsotra3 5u* * zi:tvjci+wpg.2x?

  The micrograph shows a transverse section through ly5p pmzp2 5w3a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling the fr.ykzw n bi z lpo22:qu9i:wu/(equency at which it beatw 2.bq uwz9k/io2zup:i y (l:ns?

  The diagram below shows b5qd0w(8)vkltvyr9 ta potometer which is used to measure water uptake in pla)85vbdtwqt lr k(09 vynts.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s)hq tx*v7ne *so+v4 t i4go-i,s is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following guo3x rdei/eh1 7l0t )shows the direction of blood flow into and out of the heart?17lh rt eex3 oid/gu)0

  The diagram below shows the structure of the huma0-+0khuji s4/c -vkzsj. q devn heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped into the pulmon,colr 3p0uycg ( jvg09ary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood from the 7pw3l)(k q9r+ iyqwq46b zlqmlungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem ves x s0ex ace0w3c*)*vnmsels to transport wavec 0)cea3*s0 mn*x xwter inside plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through during phloem loadiv jm-;3sgkda/lt us3j 0 1lc+tng?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery ocuj 9c52ww,sav cwy /g5clusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was t92ccv55jgwyw au ,/ swurned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below rexbpvysy.ap+4 qt3 .y.j -eo 3hpresents the circulatory system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structurbv fymbx;6 cz9.sk+a :ztu ,9+efv9js+qah7be of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograph of a cross-section lcxkm 2z4 9c5(, egblqof a stem of the monoclx g mz9,bc4lc5qk( 2eot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the human hc/kr xg)7nhsj, y9 e1feart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem of th,tfsp2b fyf/:uan:ztm2bom p12bn.: ulb . *ue monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evap4jm:n ag yv.;dk l/x08e 0y:h dkpj3eyoration of water in leaves have on other parts of a pla ekh0xgj 3dmpyja:.0eykd8: v4;ynl/nt?

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and semilunartja1(m yk8mh5uv xgse-1 - /vc valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the u(yakmv8jx5- / v11esc -t gmhpressure in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded indeb;8s sf 0*rna2j4 pgto the sieve tube unaided, before0 *s 4enpdaf 2r;sbg8j being transported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a developing s-8 pm.a,rjkdfli +zfa* zl 8v7hoot taken at 400× magn-kf,.lfzz*r i8m7 v pad+j al8ification.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor t8(q jqm8xy,3sedtke k-v/(zehat causes the pressure inside xylem vessels to be lower them kxtk q8d,se/qzjvy (3-8(e an atmospheric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the r 4qz)b*nw1cty7a 0a grh73tm soil absorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associated with plaque buiby(an c ,7unbu :v 0qvt/8n;mildup in the corcvabn i: ( 0 bqnuy;7nmvt,u/8onary arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highest lignin conte; ohhnqg-i2kw b6s1 .ent?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which used radioactik)jpbfy*.7br . bslp; vely labelled carbon dioxib.b* 7jfs plrpy);. kbde (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found 1bd b6c. qrz9nin the stem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration a d .h4pfng,t3rnd hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes near the leaves n3.dgt4r hpf ,and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressure xmq/5fl u2f dn33ikk6in the left atrium, left ventricn53q uxdk3l 6fm/f2ikle and the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies features of sieve tubhnc9u(uw;m a)0 ppzq9e elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids have be-c8 xcy u ge8ks,sv1md ,t+5(8thno when used to study trant 8xohmvte 8-k,d5yc,8 s+ wgncsu(h1sport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.