Which of the following does not cause coronary heart diseq+ z x9(ofs xc9od93kwase?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water and transports water-solu f 42zq.ny,yf ibi zg(j t-b9a:jdw*;vble substances to different parts oq:-fj*4.ia g2j;y tz nb(,i dvwy9 bfzf the body?

  Which of the following is/are a feature of phlo)f h* 6dp/hmzgem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correcnwmi m0*i/n*/u0q uop t for sugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of blood in w-8ao9w;uahy a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering plant which is often used 6l+/s. ssd hin 7h 5i0wz efy7vh8.neuas a model for the study of seed .n ey7f+u65n 0dz8h/hw7isev ihls .s anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is m1rs t)x);rpyu:p1 gm not correct for the structure and function of different blom mxrsur1y)1g:p ;t p)od vessels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse section jeat.w-zzr.)) a:fs.h /equ gthrough a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling the frequency at 1gt6fmu.lc zd95 j/c xwhich it beamzjf1ug.c 695/tcx l dts?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is usedsdv(f t 6gyw:0 to measure water uptake in planttd:v 0sw6gfy( s.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statempel:3v n8 n5heo(anp0 ent(s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood flow into j2awakt gb jslo:2v6z+v;+9 h and out of the heaj 9ga awkj+s2 vo;h:vtbzl 6+2rt?

  The diagram below shows the structure of tdtipa4-1n ))ljc z jl9w/ko(uhe human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood j1nw-kez q j 222xx1nppumped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood fpufl)0ij; ilq,x+ e n34-pksdrom the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessels to tu7u5agnvhz :8r1gpq.ransport water inside plantu8rz un5g1q v7pgh:.as.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does supn;ng iwpff(2aq3p(/crose pass through during phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusion on blood pressure, sc,a rd-)xbs.ttudents set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance thet,-xcb asr d). water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents apkg aty4zn 369e5iswl xq60 5e;dm/d the circulatory system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structureid kje;j z6.,9olld0m p5ahov6q k3q( of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron mic,6 )o g)folfobt/fh(:ttmn: xrograph of a cross-section of a stem of the monocot Zmlff, 6)n:xtf/b tot)(ooh g :ea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the hu6*: 1oq0y +hn hhi l/m-vpvm5lxxsl)dman heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph o99f s:j.ga.ulgt 3ex. nm6q l*fg tre/f the stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the e+zl/ g i6zn7) vlth/acvaporation of water in leaves have on other parts of a plan/lc ga/7 vtzlnzh+ )6it?

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and semilunar valves at the poinuh19n-l dsam/dhri:9sl-co 6 nz ,cx4t in the cardiac cyc/9c-nums 6 9z cx shar:4no1i hdl,d-lle at which the pressure in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded into the sieve tube unaided,+ 8nh nvxl6t2xrzkv88 before being transxnv6nzxtl8khv 2+r88ported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a dev2ltd* a4rgve(v rl67x y:8o) qtme2mmeloping shoot taken at 400× magnifimdtrqeo2y2()rm4l t*6m vvxl7 e :ga 8cation.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressu8r4bx5w uth j+re inside xylem vessels to be lower tha4jbx ur wt58+hn atmospheric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil absorbtp4nv +:.3x,utmx j c3xljt )zed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associated ,7p57 m3kt7bubsncu m with plaque buildup in then buk3m 77,5bptcums 7 coronary arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is lm,a(f6f;zhbw ikely to have the highest lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experi .go1zev*se0 pment which used radioactively labelled carbon diogp1esz. 0ove *xide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem and the ;1/haxs. cbozeu .p h:root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the soluy owxku cpwwle6a) -j23gihql : 2,+/jte concentration and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tube)jue3g wi o- jl,2ypa /kwx6wlq:hc+2s near the leaves and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressure in thec2c 5 3 ,,hakdpafda rtq/8su.:jfn yjblc(; . left atrium, left ventricle a f a;8 r 5c( 3h,ldta/ j.fucbskd:2j,qcaypn.nd the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctl0mjxrselnuqi q2 06 o((v t8,yy identifies features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted iri +x0zsb m;**taxrjn pdz (21nto a plant. Aphids have been used xb n+daj(*p; m* i0rsr zx2zt1to study transport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.