Which of the following doi6 j,k;)9revrpmwbi 7es not cause coronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water and transports wateyqc6.w 5 ms.pmr-soluble substances q5mw.ymc 6sp .to different parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a feature of phloem k f+x;*e:3ovy2h0ajuqz.;m ie ;o eck?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct 5nu50stki w1xuf (i5zfor sugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of blood in a vr 5fz 5bg- s0j0s:2yrjff u e-eib55ltein?

  Zea mays, pictured be bp z1e4mu+n pe:cuc-1low, is a species of flowering plant which is often used as a model for the study of seed a1+b4 -cmzucu:p ne1e pnatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for the structur)*cy/t (5s6neblikf1rgf1 wdt1hvd1 e and function of different blood vessels1 nv htc1f65)*r1k(ei/wsbd 1y ftgld?

  The micrograph shows o 15u.8m wtpo (tvrpl3ox/ aw;a transverse section through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling the frequenc hti;xkurt05 kr3 )mi7y at which it bktikx30tr ;mi7)ru5h eats?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to measure na 8sd kbti7ov1x-:sx -81ci 1 ty0rshwater uptake in plants.n8k-a0s i xv:hx 1br7o8d c11s tt-syi

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s) is/are true? ;uv8b8jla r60s cj k-c
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of cf c/ fy9ssa,4oyi0. f3w.ptlblood flow into and out of the hea/i4., cpf sl.taos ffw y0c39yrt?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the human htfj+w 7ni.+bx//jv l beart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped into the p bg+ cdqthc;*-ulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries zc(wv0j 2s y)*lwo* aioxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessels 9 j3e t-nsfnn)+c 7cvwto transport water inside )9 wn jc ts3-7vn+cefnplants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass thro yra.si -ae+tr56vhym(e )j s5ugh during phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into thedx eao7s5x*sf1.nfyw c1,t:y21zuej effects of artery occlusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream trad1t1yf:wju5xfa7 n1,os c zx 2ys*ee .velled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory sp3ff7u1gv+i*o t7)riolf 9i kystem of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structuw+ru:rw-f-:kb ax9h*br f 9-tmqj5adre of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograph of a cross-section n(mbfvpbok)zt 5+m;h katubr 6(x90/mv1;ju of a stem ou bj 0)pvmzfon(v 9t 5hu x ar+/kt6k(b;b1mm;f the monocot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the humab g/8 o6yzxir* ao5tn:n heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem of the 0a*vj sawm b7t7it56amonocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves havgau( k)(mpwjyz , (e76:d+4dqxactjae on other parts of a plant?w4 dkmc+ua, datj7g()(6 e qaj:(pzyx

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and semilunhvs0:;u mm;yvtr7 pi0ar valves at the point inhryt p i;u;0m7v:sm 0v the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passivelno((hl *a;0 pa mx7jily loaded into the sieve tube unaided, before being transported aro n a;pm a7hx(*li0ljo(und the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a develop5hflg 8jz -m3wing shoot taken at 400× mwl 5-g8hj3fzmagnification.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside xylem vessels to be lowe9 m 8a+myzhai/nf cyi:5xx*n0r than atmospheric +i zia cn*0nym9xa85/f :yhxm pressure?

  How are most mineral (vmvsf2/e ,gd7ics 9z ions in the soil absorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences as(nvb)m zh- 4/i150(ajoqx uogc1emk psociated with plaque buildup in the coronary arteriamcmu(ix qkvj)4 /ph1 ogb5(1ne0oz-es.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highest lignin conte wfc+i.t4 r2y3-drzbw3e*m2hc pc .ipnt?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which used (-:ii7glf gcy radioactively labelled cylgic-if g(7:arbon dioxide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem and tgva-3x 9rv5ifb63 vh ahe root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration and hd:vw ard9h,dx(a; p -xjuz o2(ydrostatic pressure within the s ur((a-hdv;xddajp z,92w :o xieve tubes near the leaves and roots?

  The image below represents thyzc7 7/lk6i yqe changes in pressure in the left atrium, left ventricle /zc7 7 qk6yliyand the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table corre2.zmetf .8kk,2p pwgfjkc- ; hctly identifies features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet insertedb7; 7q0 prny/ znm6cwa into a plant. Aphids have been used to study transpy/ r07 7nnma; cqzb6pwort in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.