Which of the following does not cause coronary q r5f9+ ctchb+heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water an65cu7kbad cau7 cs i0.d transports water-soluble substances to different parts of5bc0u. daua7ck 7si6c the body?

  Which of the following is/are a featureh0+3w ndi 9 net +vm4dcrw4:oe of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct fo f0lb5csk.aedh5 ctts++7lr+ r sugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflf .jbh4ga b)5(xt zqrhq73re+ow of blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured b9 tt5wwui:c ckkyk n,par0 o e20*zd-/elow, is a species of flowering plant which is often used as a model for the study of seed anattn ,pkao0i/0y9k kd 5tc-: ce uwr2*zwomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correctmjcnb6 m(gtuwq 6;n(* for the structure and function of different blood v;c 6mwgjum( q 6(nt*bnessels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse section through a ley1-, ckm j )b mp1soij/zck9u*af.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling the frequency at which it brlhf-.) g8e enea .eg-)e8rhlnf ts?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is uz vqa e4r7j ,x3h/tc;esed to measure water uptake in plantsvxe,tc a4e; jh7z r/q3.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?mbyp0)hi a3,w
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood flow into and oulqol q 3t449t -;aawrpt of the heart? 4 9 3qwl4raq-talop ;t

  The diagram below shows the structure of th6n4x64 ffxzj re human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood z iuvr43.q7wk1 ; e1l as0stlfpumped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood from+ ;cbe6yleikq i4 :ghbmrc+7 4 the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessels to transporwnhh4y1 -( blmt water insl h y41h(n-wmbide plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass 353gf5qy8/kaer nj asthrough during phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into th6rb0ol( tvs+gyd9m6q lcg-b6 e effects of artery occlusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, d6-mgl0ybs( cb6 l+69 gtoqvrhard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents i 6msje7* e8plcq4 wovs107tq the circulatory system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structure o mj6 0uao a)kz6o48n ehl3shtvxp3(i: f a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below hj*7czia f0.jll1:h b is an electron micrograph of a cross-section of a stem of jzchf bli*:jl17.h 0athe monocot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the humm64-cd vi 6szjan heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron m )bdo zr*kl6y,c49 nx7yfaf4eicrograph of the stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves have on otf.h y(u/*i y3n aa5q (ugj7kkwher parts of a planku3aa 7yg(y*iqhk nfu/5w. (jt?

  What is the position a .q-j+ftbj hr55.ykz8f /n mvof the atrioventricular and semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressurrjv85baqtnky+m zfj - 5f. /h.e in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passivelub 2zx;qww/6 jc(nfk)y loaded into the sieve tube unaided, before beinwku) cxbz(;f 6qw2j/ng transported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a developing 6 u,9qp1tk l2bl*, qulb/vuw3ofm;e fshoot taken at 400× magnification. ,u*mulbllef1q,qk3v o/w;9p 6f2ut b

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside xylem vesb73 espcj5c;o2 hbiu/ sels to be lower than atmospheric pressurbu7b hc2/p sjoi53;e ce?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil absoh28 6 le:yzqrllbt8x+ rbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors anbvz(o)l7tft ,f 27dkvd consequences associated with plaque buildup in the coronary arteri7vt2lt) ,7zb(kfo fvd es.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely t7*; fey 0ialr i6g p)kmt3glhmz7f* s4o have the highest lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which usedcm45l/e fuqk/ radioactively labelled carbon dioxi 5uf 4cel/mq/kde (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem and the)mm9e69s xae m root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration and hydrostatic pressure wit3*nyycoco; :jg ,2r tohoo:ny ;t3r2go ycj*,cin the sieve tubes near the leaves and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressure in the left atrium,byy/;guw f-1p left ventricle and the ao/uy1b gf -pyw;rta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies features of sievebcs- 20fw ;pqw tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids have beeii-.,* jls(y5k tbotly6a0k pn used to study transport in playt(i-k,* 06b5ltjpal.ko isy nts.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.