Which of the following does not cause corons .:fjmvg6ahdnbj/)6ary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainlyr *b:gpi.i e 6ysrrg74 composed of water and transports water-soluble substancese 6r4igr7ysbri: . p*g to different parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/jacx eh mj7 fsj-p*)og .b5 0,ubp7.geare a feature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar transport in phloem? i1loo*ubww.gmk;7r5 - uyh1q

  What helps prevent the backflow of blood)hi: 86prt(kzw- y p+ iwq8cgw in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering plant which is q 29 k9gh2t rhmu,*lm.swyf4boften used as a model for the stu,hk r 2wqt.s g4yf b9h2mm*ul9dy of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for the structure and functio* ri wyh3vskj2q,l8(mn of different bl 3*k8jwl h rsq2(vymi,ood vessels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse section through a l lhiwr-yw9; -qynasa7dese :sj-1n -2eaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controllingxl f;2;7poyv q the frequency at which it be7yvlq2p x;f;o ats?

  The diagram below sh(pyf7 . b 9wozbksu,0iim:ep5 ows a potometer which is used to measure water uptake in pla7bip9 ykp o:bs w0z,ef(.5m uints.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the followip84gegwh1v rf2,i8fq/sh oq- ng statement(s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood flow into and out of then1 -5xao zyb(ks-uf4l heart? noasx(z5lu-1 -kyb4f

  The diagram below shows the structure of the human heart tqc;y2 : pvz isbwyl81/;o;ex.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the hensy;z:/vv 3:m 9pydo73mteu(pe bkh :art is blood pumped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries o/ub4 us eajfi/+(f6k cea(icd8i ,5rwxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessels to trawsj9-n xx(jh/ nsport water ins( jxn/wx s9-hjide plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass throughgh5 x75gsq.qo r8 1hoz during phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into (8ghea, f40,n eh+ imed)gxlc the effects of artery occlusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electricge,e+mh) e 0dhna4i8fl, (gxc pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below reic)(b((o c74.ljwnob/ tqh ffpresents the circulatory system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structure84dddm yg,;uk of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph belo29u o -i2cvk3kiqx k+ow is an electron micrograph of a cross-section of a stem of the monocq2kk ou oicv 93i+-2kxot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the sn;,4b2gkxghny - fly(tructure of the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron mic/j ;h zo kcvt( d6lz)5f5qtvsm02md5p rograph of the stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves have on otgxazue5ni1vbzk0380; p h r2pher parts of a plau0 rhg v83 1xzekp5i;abp02nznt?

  What is the positionsku. 9oiibn ), of the atrioventricular and semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac ib sio9),nu.kcycle at which the pressure in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded into the sieve tu b-litf2an-m -xxj+e ,be unaided, before beinm, t+-elabx fi2-nxj- g transported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a developing shoot taken at 4l 4gz/p0e6 hxk00× magnificl6 0x/pehg4kz ation.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside xylem vesselsu knaa dl/yy( 3)j1rt(4f3e jb to be lower than4(ya f eanl 3(brju1)y/k3dtj atmospheric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions q :myy0 4.c/gtfxvc yq6m41yvin the soil absorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequencw o*l1tvjga(2 .hhhl8es associated with plaque buildup in the cor1 hjha (vtwh*2. ll8ogonary arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is like/aybi1 jo -h- ejgr)ygy.,jm0ly to have the highest lignin content?

  The graph shows the resul v-yx.bb e mm byf6;+ *4*xa3gbkgu,cuts of an experiment which used radioactively labelled cmabvug bme*bygb.x ; u,-3f4x6 cyk* +arbon dioxide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem and the rootm56 :r 9z4 g0jizcmoworg:r3 x of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the u)6f - yc0jo gq:vdnf;- 8fuppsolute concentration and hydrostatic pressure within the s6op-:0cjg n f8qfy vp-d fu;)uieve tubes near the leaves and roots?

  The image below reprqgm8von 4qb(2esents the changes in pressure in the left atrium, left ventricle 4qg2mov (8 bnqand the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correvk)i:/wn6 zw/ er0mi bctly identifies features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids have be-p8edyzw5 bnj, 0.lcuen used to study traduj bz ,ep5.y-w0cln 8nsport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.