Which of the following does not cause corona hz.tly3 z4xt3ry heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water and transports water-sonkzaw,6r *h48agrsup 71vt 1m luble substances t a1rtus 4w*a1k 8vrpz,6n7mgho different parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a feature of ph51 a*de ;vk :rl2 0i.-n;cdndycaevihloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar;rfmxe* 6 hakq,vv h;7v 37bbr transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow g lqzw3kd3k7-ha(i71a u2 mum of blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering plant which is often used at xl .((*umeoms a mo(loe tx*m. m(udel for the study of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for y 3;-z)fvll:ocfjhx 5 ./pbhithe structure and function of diffexihcz y:vpf.)5 lolhf 3/;-j brent blood vessels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse se6qm q:.n* qxno)z f6nrction through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved inkt c7 ju65r/18euxq;,eix/ u cik9 ccc controlling the frequency at which it beats,j kcieiu xx kcr7; qtcecu59/861u/c ?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to measudcw -(s7u7xq(tx77o . x,2didtwlc bd re water uptake in plaw.td7777x tx(,-xcddqsi c ub w2l(donts.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(jm)shlntf 11 5.pk(txs) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows tdjt)m uw/.) mahe) d8lwjm1e:he direction of blood flow into and out of the heart1h j)d m)demw /w.a :le8tm)ju?

  The diagram below shows the y( l wgb)o6p:ystructure of the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the h2vb1ch qg, wgjh;t3 7heart is blood pumped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to theoml gmnc0f0w2-5 uf 1b-nr2td heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allb:n,hma- m)d bp ;d:a jibb.. a8ik;mdow xylem vessels to transport water inside -m ajbhmp.m8:.ak:d ;b,n a bd)ib i;dplants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose r3v+ho) h g84fv i2llspass through during phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlsh;4y0n wpu id v:4fjviu3( n2usion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plas4; hj2yuv4d ns:ip w 3u(vn0iftic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory system of a fish. t fw,h d 0r 5e)tey/db3,if5fl


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows thj qr 96)sob:pihx7z0ye structure of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograph of a cross-section of a sfg8ki f qb/c25tem of the monocot Zea 8f q2g5k b/ifcmays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the struf+zh- lvi+ ;y7ks cg0u7lpgn+cture of the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem of the mono nq(c;i84pf6 h 4gfniw1nvhvu:,k:iscot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves haver0 5hr f wrkyehq3.:+z on other parts of a plan+r :y3 .erhzrqwh0kf 5t?

  What is the position of the atriove+c.ylmugv2qr4cwoe. .6 4v0r0q s pyp ntricular and semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the left ventricle is the gre4y+.. u0v6 soqq 2p mwpvc4rcr0l.yegatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded into the sieve tu7f org.ya f0e)f.(mv69*luq+mspjupbe unaided, before being transported around thusfp(ljm.u0eq p*7)yrmgf9 a v.fo+6e plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows cye/g;gersf40v7tv -the xylem vessels in a developing shoot taken at 400× mag07rf s -v4t;cvge e/ygnification.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside xylem vessels to:)rs4fkf o3+ ds pryjd*)qnd+ be lower than a)3rdsy*:nsd )op j +kdf+4qrftmospheric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil absorbed by rou qjugyz4v3h d oyb1a0 3a:a06ots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associated 905q39imkk hn k e8ykvwith plaque buildup in the coronary arte3 k9enykkk890 q5mvh iries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highest lignin contenta0und g6h6uk:fpl q4- ?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which usedv4hq 6mx41 y8lqb(mzs radioactively labelled carbon dioxide (1lb64 h zxm81qs4vq my(4$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem and the root of a plant. )e : ntbtq+6zlo a9wylq8:ua.qr2q f1e3 lol*

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute c cv 0ir-7v5kk8w qpeo9g79nsa oncentration and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes near the leaves and ro p70sva 89k-in ok7crge5w 9qvots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressure in the left ate23sso(5xbh5qc-u h yrium, left ventricle ao 55h( c2-uxq bysh3send the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the tab/yb)c0h5b vq stja9(xle correctly identifies features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids hake,86nwsm 6wwmq.a. nve been used to study transport in plants. n.n6akems,m6 8ww w.q

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.