Which of the following does not cause coronary heart di b8nc8:,yj;wyfa9s 4o1hz uwesease?

  Which component of blood is maing bv8ds 5kpr5;n8 1x5y2xoudply composed of water and transports water-soluble substances to different parts of the body?gp85pdox 2ds1 xknbyv;5u5 8 r

  Which of the following ist bb:ft (tk;p9/are a feature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar transport in - ws -cuhgf0z1wmqo+wo .n5t9phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of blood io) 5e:qwsj kj*n a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a 3cae t5-dvgz;hj (zoke8r 8sz 55sd6gspecies of flowering plant which is often used as a model for the study ofh38k5j v6 5ad;e8g5zrtcgoz zd (s-es seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table be/y+dxgs; dz49x pikl:1bj.wqgn: 7t nlow is not correct for the structure and function of different blood veszkntxybw/ds4d: gjx 9n :g +lp7;q1i.sels?

  The micrograph shows a jd)t ;hffu 9p3*pz 4i*ppp i+v*w gfb7transverse section through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling the frequency at which 5t nnt :awq*6eo mm5/lit bea*mtntoa5nl/e:6 m 5q wts?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to measurj0vt nt3ya(e9s) 8qmge water uptake in plaj nge(3yt8s9qm)tav 0 nts.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s) is;dcp 2wtk (-luxqiv76/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood flow into and out ofq3y dstyx lv,t7qq7)0dzcs5v ( y. -en the heart3 sy)e(qz7cvt- ly,d. d qv0t5sqny 7x?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the human heart.r3k+b+ysi2l-:doj h x



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the .v dobaos.p.y:g d3kfyt f47; heart is blood pumped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood from the lung- )cy sw7w,za-7/ggd bsjlmn y -d*np3s to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties ofp 9gq8ymibi20p0kwi f6: pt+ h water allow xylem vessels to transport water ippg0q+60ymfit p i2: k9hiw8bnside plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucros bcvz78j 8fxf4e pass through during phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusiof6.fvs-n. gv u-n)jg yn on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the e. gu-) fnn s-6jf.vvyglectric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the cirf7)mcjd8sn u(g 1webdl r:/ z-culatory system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below sh:j5 8;efub:uw+sh72wrunh tv ows the structure of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograph of a crob102ixfi +ekwf zv9xes, zuuni20b-,ss-section of a stem of the monoc- z,xvfsie kif i2e0w2,u0b9bxn1z +u ot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the st .6qa7,piowsw ull23zructure of the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron+2om w fxt63rwhw7 tc3m-: xoi micrograph of the stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in b;lq )vf)vgw 3yh(j3p ,fbsw*leaves have on other parts of a plawhf;vy,q 3b)3*l f b)g vps(jwnt?

  What is the position of the atrahl((9qa4om eioventricular and semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure inm loaq 49(e(ah the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded into kw b- et23zq0bthe sieve tube unaided, beqkzwbt e-03b2fore being transported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem v gqy1d4390jxnu9ttg fbte;*r essels in a developing shoot taken at 400× magnificationt e1ut9*3 jr0 bn9fgdqt;4gyx.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main facto7t f,f6ewxjix5xa kkp1+ , 6elr that causes the pressure inside xylem vessels to be lower than atmosphericjkp,l 7fw6ia x16e , +5fxxtke pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soiln8exei*5x4 u betl xld8o)4t5 absorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences assorgd); tedb+ f;ciated with plaque buildup in the coronary arter+ g;b;f dde)tries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have t8c gcq6 ;cqty-he highest lignin content?

  The graph shows the resul xd-rmp5 t99t6 (stucbts of an experiment which used radioactively labelled carbon dioxide (1us tt cm9p(rbxd9-6t 54$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the )zxm+ jp 6lgop(p2bc1 stem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents)rr-q,ho n 8,hg rjsz4 the solute concentration and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes near the rh h,j,4)-rrsn8zgqoleaves and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressure 3 xz3/he adl*ein the left atrium, left ventricle andh3/zea*l x3e d the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies features of sieve tube elegynh+a+g1j4m ments?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted into a plant. , zntsfko5e vu g88bvm0(kf16 Aphids have been used to stud 6nkv8s8m0f,kbout( vfe g1z5y transport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.