Which of the following doeu ;jc vd,qaa7ftu87/ts not cause coronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of spte,7(r qut,l(/f fiwater and transports water-soluble substances to different p( f /pe(lf7st,,u riqtarts of the body?

  Which of the following isvjvl)1w 3x 9dgg wm18yb 0ljy6/are a feature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table :fgp::e7pfsunt0.:9akq e a e is correct for sugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of blood in a vemg q*vkn02n3*bsya d y69)fqm in?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a spe+0rbi-i.is(d;fo,qd j hay(o cies of flowering plant which is often used as a model for the study of seqf( .;hdo+bsoi(y0air - d ,ijed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for the structuo u(czg4k00*0jbwatd zp+1 tdre and function of different blood vwdz100ud+0pt j4zagtockb *(essels?

  The micrograph shows xg+ f:2q z4ryza transverse section through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart s 46y wojxsc-xy; kg2c+z.z(tis involved in controlling the frequency at which it b wszjx;tgykx s4zyc2( c+.6-oeats?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is ux4n gg5:;4fymd r6 b ct:mjsm,sed to measure water uptake in planrc g:mxmmj,gy; d44 nb s6t:f5ts.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(vs,6nxj;b q 0qs) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the :+2mf a6wtx-jn )xkrxdirection of blood flow into and out of the heart?m2x )j-:t6 krx awx+nf

  The diagram below sho bhwz/3 vj/v cxix/r7;ws the structure of the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped y6t3p b,hflp wpqil )5;a2qp2into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carriesuql4 a-jw) jq il.nve *ap2(h4 oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessels to transportijbf+ jvdb xht1w -9,-wd: q5h3xcw 5c waterixj51 wc9w+ ,tvdbhfjqx-5:b3 cdwh- inside plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through during phloem loading? uh q :*notqs07ri ,8wv- ts7rh
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery oc 3zg2sh(bnlbce *p4 74cj( oooclusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the wa4o3h pcnc2zoj(gbe 47 *l(obster stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below re+q4 j7,.xy1b gb2 cdc rd*losxpresents the circulatory system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below showsii6j-q7m qpg. v+(lu x the structure of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograph of a cross-section of a sto3w syq;(.a3n -(jwufboqq2 t em of ;o(q.nqtq3 w-y jf2as w(3bouthe monocot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the human heartuhp* c n,;gi4 olitimmv;;/v(0q sln7.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an elec+e0y+ gn nvo(rtron micrograph of the stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of wate9m ac0ynp7sd 4r in leaves have on other parts of a plan cm9ypasn d407t?

  What is the position 43c6fga s xwv(igkv11c l(u 1 et2rti8wy73u sof the atrioventricular and semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the left ventricle is th4cwl x(6gs 1 (if7yg13c t1 8u2a trki3esuwvve greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded into the sieuif3ki p xk0z**2n9cl+khz(wve tube unaided, before being transport f0kl izp3nkuz9+ih (k*2w*x ced around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a developing shoot +-zvob2 mkvd8taken at 400× magnificati +2-8zvovdmbk on.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the presstd)nz:r80)vh zni pd/ure inside xylem vessels to be lower than atmosphern d)rvd zp8z tnhi0:/)ic pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil absorbed by rmwjx.t7es)5 ksjy dj54au( ar5a79 khoots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associated with plaque buildup in t50mgfb ir.x8 y afe8gf+wfz42 p5*gnjhe coronarnxmg j by5ga.0 +rfffpe2z4*85i 8fgw y arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highest ligninh 4,bbnldf s.1h8ww 1 p5cis8k content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which used radioacthoqj1if(ev,o3dk3 u( ively labelled carbon dioxideu3eok(v( q j1ifh3,do (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast t6h- d 0/ym+9vprs)tcr ;sykz mhe phloem found in the stem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration and hydrostatic pressure w v5d)8x:gkrda1 ehn91a83i qhs rac- lithin the sieve tubes near the leaves ael38x v-r1k9r:sdhcaq8a n1ih5 g )dand roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressure in the left atrium, left vfg0c*4a hgu (udm3w y:entricle a acggw u03m:udyfh( *4nd the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies features of sieve tube elementz9z m sdrs9+kp2mtd*z*pjp( z8sa:k7 s?

  This image shows an ap8.n6o3 szpeor hid with its stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids have been used to study transporopn3soe8r. z6t in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.