Which of the followin ddk8 ims19yxo7sr0 a4g does not cause coronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water and transports waterb,r9dld b 7rw4i( pgu,-solublerl 7pgd,,4d9bi w(ub r substances to different parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a featur 7smrfb7r/l6x e of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correc(*nbigk-6x xf t for sugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of blvuguwk,m +-rot c.c 45ood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering pohx:(dj qgct5 pys 11k6tss7y8ye80plant which is often used as5p0 (jydk68c1ts s :p1et7shyq o gxy8 a model for the study of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is ndofz)ody o; 9vhh 1d1jz y,r)5ot correct for the structure and function of differe1hyrhzv9dd o,5;d yz))fo o1 jnt blood vessels?

  The micrograph shows a transv n3 mc-99pg uoc2w5nez kwg).uerse section through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heartme :3svv*y u6 0.r1k4 c5atfhbr-vw wt is involved in controlling the frequency at which it be3v4 1rehtf kyw*u .6wv tbs :rcv5-am0ats?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which :xi;hlrys9;tbf3 t 8 iis used to measure water uptake in plan y i9;x:ht sl8ti;br3fts.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following sta2/gf7gq elyxaji 7(i /tement(s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood flow ilvi9dzxgvjts: 6s)l s.)r a7 4nto and out of the heart?4 trj)islsdz )v xv6 sa7.lg9:

  The diagram below shows the structurts wnv4bftp .+hvlh uqk:0 7)1e of the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the hetz50 k7cbwn b8art is blood pumped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood fr( cv wva*;vvil),bc9 mom the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessels to transport w5vsmlf a45ny+1 cs(lbatel(5vcns45 1bm ysl+a fr inside plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through during phloemiydk j*+(v +ip i:m2gr loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusion on blood pressure, stu9sbiaft (5ov2 dents set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, oi( 59s 2avftbrepresenting an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represl;1lxt:o2l nnf r: mx.7g5n mqents the circulatory system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structure of ahse 3f(w6uw s6 heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograph of a cross-sectior/9ylnw:m l y zkbil c4*g -c)+gzq07zn of a stem of the monocot Zea m:bi-y9c*lgzlng+qrlz m74) c/ k zw0 yays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the h 1 odt(pzbm y+ 6rbyuh(:8zkd.-rxct2uman heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem of the monocot Zea M 21us2h+,1ap fnih:hlg7d;6 h dj l-d2y ygmekays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leav+k6d-blxyzdk21ie 9ves have on other parts of a plaid +29 1xlyked-z6 vbknt?

  What is the position of the ev w/ckok3az2du.h 4 8atrioventricular and semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressureaveczw4.oh8u2 dk3/k in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively 9/j oy0e; ycn3fz,ji+l vwss1loaded into the sieve tube unaided, before being transp;vi0nwe ,3s9c1o y+jjs/ zlfyorted around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a developing shoot tak. x8xbik(7 q8i bvefk)en at 400× mak(q.fx b vibx7ek88)ignification.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causeenby6j(5/2tno k ,znjs the pressure inside xylem vessels to be lower than atmospheric press /z(yk5 n2bojent6 nj,ure?

  How are most mineral qp65xa6gots2d : 8 sbhions in the soil absorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associated with plaque buildupzkdh:q sfx((06o(yk /ij zoa,f:(lwc in the coronary a0wfzk(j zqa do(c:(i,sfo x:/yhl6k (rteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likep0g8 cpvolz 2;ly to have the highest lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which used radioactivelv7z qm, j9y4 k1u,y8g8ai cwp- xtqvm9y labelled carbon dioxid 8uqp,j w8y ,k9m 1yct9zxv4qmi -avg7e (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem founzy4nds:a;6 ay d in the stem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration and hydrostatic pressurewkbzf ece- 9, t-;lm9o within the sieve tubes near the leaves bkmlof;tw 99-ze-e,cand roots?

  The image below represents thh4-dk3wfgv:o n 2iqe ;e changes in pressure in the left atrium, left ventriclei v;-kd q :e3wg4fh2on and the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the tabz6l(gnbesbb.v.9x)w5jlm+ u le correctly identifies features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserte;q9wvkx,ny6v.q3oz +b3l6 ctg5 jmdpd into a plant. Aphids have been used to study tranojwt3x 3nq;vyc+ bv65qgpdml.k z9, 6 sport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.