Which of the following does not cause coronary hea* dzb,v dcw11wt /hv,vrt disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water and transports water- tm)+)iym(j hbt4wve.soluble substances to different parts o vb itmmtj(hew4+.)y)f the body?

  Which of the followido1z-0in87g+v)n vkuth judkf, t u61ng is/are a feature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar transport in phloem? ,uw-vcohru /,

  What helps prevent the backc4(y 5ekhcnzff 9;zop5p ,*yn e8nwkmv;hk4)flow of blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering plant which is often used hvw**m kb5bk2 v; i 981xltsmuas a model for the* kmtu15 k8whi 9vblx *b2m;sv study of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for the structure and functha.0h 5pk*ztnk5 oet-ion of different np k 5tt5zhh*0-.koaeblood vessels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse section) wz;g-q.v tj4b ao+ja through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in cm .co/5cr79l z-ksiw jca)e0r ontrolling the frequency at which it beelzioc 0c- am ./wr7s5k)9cjrats?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to measure water uptake in 07h .a(muywgmplan mm(uh.0 ygwa7ts.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?:uu 3 k+mqj+x3wq/rxq.hw k8 v
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following sht3hbgh, sgx(mpeap p:u7wn 1t *z,:i* ows the direction of blood flow into and out of the heart? 1tzt :g n (w,7ig* hb,e suxma3p*:pph

  The diagram below shows thur- cp83k,gxdoi9 de:e structure of the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped into the pulmc zpt-ze d5i5 8cs7y4bonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood from the lunu-sm 4k- .ugwkhfh; 2dgs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesivb,)cuuji- vg6 e properties of water allow xylem vessels to transport water inside plant ig-6uv jbc),us.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass thrznn h)jd sm1n)+* 6a8kfcwfy )ough during phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusion on blood pre wy ssgu6l(tkl / 7z*q42zddu0ssure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plas6 yu*wszd/udzs047(qlglk 2 ttic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory system mu*y 7rori cfcx9;n(-of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shosj)wh1luctv5 /ca + 558nnsj cws the structure of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is2jgll1ahe+ dup8 rn;9 an electron micrograph of a cross-section of a stem of the m8ha 9 d;jgu1 p+ln2leronocot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the pu+mpgh4:: j3vgwb3bakral* )9 ib-b structure of the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is ahqh;yg5qq+l / -m*y pln electron micrograph of the stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the 7tpezq1j3 9 c kr /g*wdch1wff.9u d/hevaporation of water in leaves have on other parts of a plaqpjdth/e 31d*h w/ g.kz 9 7f9wfurcc1nt?

  What is the position of the atrioventricular x)2y2qxj/ 3gstil bw:and semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the left ventriclwq: /3x igyx)jbt22lse is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded into the sieve tube unaided,sok4n;f-p/j k before being transported around the plant.p k/-j4of;n sk

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below 7j akaso2 1s5lahlk4ke7 1*kgshows the xylem vessels in a developing shoot taken at 400× magnifications2k a *laej7hgkl4as7o11k5k.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure insid jo)zt-0d2njae xylem vessels to be lower than atmospheric presznd)02jja -otsure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil a f:3-sg - c6bueuwnnr2bsorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences assocotffcpm3 yi9whg(7 9( iated with plaque buildup in the hcfyf mtpo( g(99 wi73coronary arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highest lignin conte9tvq 0n (zz5x uai3,qqnt?

  The graph shows the kc jjl9)+ ia9cresults of an experiment which used radioactively labelled carbon dioxide (1ak9cj9+ij l)c 4$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem and the 2,pinaun1g oo5 hvv8( root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the sj( puutim76f7b/7 t7ul.k a zfolute concentration and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubesk7z7f. (l/i7u jat6pufubtm7 near the leaves and roots?

  The image below represeq0 fvt-d02cmhy)t 4x pnts the changes in pressure in the left atrium, left ventricle and the aorta. q)dxp-hc0mv0 t tfy42

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies features of sievw2r2a-k8,kp mvc7 a l:bj+ lpee tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its staz 2a ers7r/dr)l,rw,zw qm /2ylet inserted into a plant. Aphids have bee,w2lqrazd2/we r/ ra,)z m7srn used to study transport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.