Which of the following does not cause coronary heart d kg5f0xlhq88nltu t 4/isease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of w )-ntg,0e xf:m j95ksnoa2k mwater and transports water-soluble substances to different parts of the body?0x ekn -msjmt 5ak2 nwo:f9g),

  Which of the following is/are fa7md*h0 a/o;3jxw 3klig8hy a feature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar transportke.t6p1j d b)yca* j:e in phloem?

  What helps prevent t sf2qqr0q4yp,bccm5e4:3zax csr8 j.he backflow of blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured bl s6f;a, e;goaelow, is a species of flowering plant which is often used as a model for the study off,seg;o ;ala 6 seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below 20xg u 0vbanv)yv,d:n3 3wrqfis not correct for the structure and function of different xn,g2y w f3vv0dnu): r0q3 avbblood vessels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse section through a m:ujk/4;uyq 1cxw+ uoleaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the he, jflkk /pm9c4y5z e/dart is involved in controlling the frequency at which it bea9/czf,pkj5el4/ kmdy ts?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used aa74ubgrl e+i; /y6ie2 mnks7gh;wa/ to measure water uptake in pla6aiwhuiaeekb; s47m n2/lg+gr ay/; 7nts.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following wd7u5m 7p /y;jvw of0jstatement(s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction o w k75ukheuc,3f blood flow into and out of the heart? ce7k3k5h,uwu

  The diagram below shows the structure of thiv 3/ 0kpjgl3re human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped into ther odd.z;qodv7l8nl. p7xqo:5 ;l/ kmazs 20f a pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenatedth;l o//ayo 2m ei;5r0vbyl9 s blood from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water2zkv(nkbx 6g7 allow xylem vessels to transport water( x 6knz72bkvg inside plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through during phloem lojifqis.,+ o-k ading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusion on blood pressure, stud 0tyenvt:+w x98e5rte ents set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was +5t 8e 0e:tvtrx 9wyneturned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the ci83+g mo5i93jp erxf (n xfj.jwpj wm9.rculatory system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structure o4y padxr m6(9e q1jsw:f a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph bek7/p(pwe qp8hqfg e4)low is an electron micrograph of a cross-section of a stem of the mongeq 8e74w)ppq/(kp fh ocot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of th w7ok(2l l 81rl*doreme human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrw2 e*ck65g chf9uiffh8 6 0fakograph of the stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leavesu nyx vj6g.y+ ib)v 7l-h)hp;f have on other parts of a plann;)iy vv-fj)7ug+ .h6l phxybt?

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and semilunar valves at thmon6*2zhc e8 nn(k8(qque*dle point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the left ven6*n8( kh *edq(e m2ol8uz cqnntricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded ibuz4m ;n4er 9lnto the sieve tube unaided, before being transported ar ;ue9b4lznmr 4ound the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows 9qd0)k p5fon hthe xylem vessels in a developing shoot taken at 400× magnin k foq0h95d)pfication.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside xylem verg ,e*mu-l3 y4reo*8ub fy 0ssssels to be lower than atmosphe-u ye0*ybe4gu8lfr ,o srs*m3 ric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil ar /8:ea 4*qrm5aly xzhbsorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and /8jjo (s/u8 ntl kq;jt+hbfn2 consequences associated with plaque buildup in the 8oq+;us tnjhjt/b ln(kfj2/8 coronary arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highest lix qjb m(fy:*ohp)* ;aegnin content?

  The graph shows the results of +-(rc -zh1)v4pkr xu0uku3i ge-whfcan experiment which used radioactively labelled ca ikh-04kup+ )g(fwczh x-v -uruce3r1rbon dioxide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem andvmr+2mlgqyg:f.pbs .uq * (1c the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the soxss; xj1ifp5hja *26o za*c8clute concentration and hydrostatic pressure within the siej sxhc*5*a;icz 21a6fp ojs8xve tubes near the leaves and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressure in the left atring( v-oy)-/x rve hhm)ojsmkl +v.)u;um, left ventricle and the aorta. - n-h (/r)m ;) kogl +)uvyhoxvsm.evj

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies features of n ds, y8dm7 n-*u80zotsojin; sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted into a plant. Aphidsgo)-enu3 3bzo 9o2l hs have been used to study to b)s32uo onhg-3e9 lzransport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.