Which of the following does not cause ci8e oq oajtcz7:1 xv+ k/wx2(roronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly c j .+yu2fp,wyzomposed of water and transports water-soluble substances to different paz yf.j p+y2w,urts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a*+: -n hmq svpqq(9ouf feature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar transport in phloela2so8 tnn v*5l (iu bo4g tgj;w3z7z7m?

  What helps prevent the backflow of blood in a v2r3xa534ifz g iiwlb)ein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering ply2 ))mmqq/yi xant which is often used as a model for th2my/) qxim) yqe study of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not ctjiy/fy(k)g 1orrect for the structure and function of different blood v)jkgf/1y t( yiessels?

  The micrograph shows a transvers(nxutj 9i5.iabvj;r 3e section through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the he q 4pxb2z6qba8art is involved in controlling the frequency at which it beats86 z2pbq4bx qa?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to measure water uptake ina9n.b;ra.tt 7ghj4po plants.7o . ;gjtran9t4a.pbh

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the followih,n8+w gzlru,c6/3 n r; zr 1fscbs1nsng statement(s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood flow into and out of thv 31ac-hj3.(5hg ; xraygj83vwh mo mhe heart? ova-a cx;r1 8h33wg gh3jmh5m yj.h(v

  The diagram below shows the structure ovk1 6rbxt 8;a ,gcpg7b6n ld.of the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the hearx5zwvm +0cr o:t is blood pumped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood from jm vkm9+ ),uajthe lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem v ktpvl7qquuf05vkzg hk,-i l9, (d 78kessels to transport water inside 5 0duqik -tzlk9g,u7 k7f8h v(,kvplqplants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through durin aef x y(o877bjgimw;2g phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusion on blood pressure, st*+kvs g/xsj+5dxf w4e udents set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tus 4sde +vgw+x*jkf/5x be, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory system of a fish.s2p3hcl arn (:


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows /-xe ;p -v ;oxlr0pimf8b9 ;m pnv8nrqthe structure of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograpskk.z tnn+ 0wy0m, 6rdex;qr: h of a cross-section of a stem of tyrqt 0:nzxk0r6,ekm +wds .;nhe monocot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structu nkbu4ey(+o, p nd,byu w3z7y5re of the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem of the monocot Zea cx3h3 m4n4zl sqz- 5ofMays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves have on other hs k-gfwf 2dgkxnv)1n+ *a-zlfk 1q 74parts of a plakx4ah*fgfq1 n -sf k 2+vlk nw1-7dgz)nt?

  What is the position of the atriovr;n +lt 0(lylmkp9r gb8 v1n0uentricular and semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressur rb nlg(0m0+p 98vl;t rln1yuke in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded into the sieve tubeazev/llocg z7 94 -ps4 unaided, before being transported around the plantez9al-o 7g lzs/pc4 4v.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessezft; +nq mcrx+;/axw0 c6;birls in a developing shoot taken at 400× magnifimw6/ibc r0+ nq x;xa ;fzrtc;+cation.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes th7sri2e +m4 ycoe pressure inside xylem vessels to be lower than atmospheric eci rso27+m y4pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in thev:xnz.*vy76e d e(svsemgg7j7kp5z ( soil absorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associated with plaquf2/t2/7.vf ww wnsd u *dt+by+udlvv-e buildup in thed2fdf/dvns +t-v. 7b y /w +l*uutww2v coronary arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likew9t i z2fnm:uhw)l29sly to have the highest lignin content?

  The graph shows the *jc, y/qkj*vkresults of an experiment which used radioactively labelled ckcjv/**yqk ,jarbon dioxide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem and the root oz hve e2iu09 de,qt0j6f a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represevcmhyae el;j66bn-q m x06d;. nts the solute concentration and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes near the leaves and root0 qb; c.jy- xnd6;hav6e6m lems?

  The image below represents the cyfiu 75 vd-t9*3x :t96i9llll uyzt auhanges in pressure in the left atrium, left ventricle and the aa-l6 zlt v9y5t7ful 3li* u9y x:9tuidorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies features of sieve tube elements?bmw v2-0.n3b/azvt e o

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted into 0 tvcb.)nsvtt m**xg( a plant. Aphids have been used to study transport in pla*x(t nm )vt*svc tb0.gnts.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.