Which of the following does ng2;po6xv -pb not cause coronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water and transports wate -1 spb*ykf,.xfdw zj5r-soluble subb51 -, f.xw pfd*zkysjstances to different parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a9 kc9x:fxrl.h h-uf ;dtf1bb+ feature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct foqr-+fj1unna4y-rcg .4 ( spw yr sugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of blood in a vezr5)w*lvm3;(ukp ue b in?

  Zea mays, pictured below, g m,3qfe qq8o9;z4a hcis a species of flowering plant which is often used as a model for the study ofm9z geh4qa q;3,coq8f seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for the structuren+(7h4ki d(;qkdpb loss 1 0or and function of different blood ves(k741r bols;kidnop+0s dhq (sels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse )zw7(mc/m7k- 5ddemn kc myw4fk5 hr 4section through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is invov)*qm /vq 5lgy)qm1jd8ogsrg1*x)vo lved in controlling the frequency at which it beatqg* /gxqm *s 1 5dmr)y)l1)voov v8gqjs?

  The diagram below shows a potometzj )ssm r.u5i05 :fflher which is used to measure water uptake in plas5 :i h)r f5lzsf.j0munts.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the followin4o2d b9zho vx1h d7w9pv0xxe(g statement(s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shotvel(ay ,*7wwws the direction of blood flow into and out of the hearw,v*l a(e7tyw t?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the human i:d5zu3q fw1wheart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood drjklfotmf(god k/2/);es rhe m :6jv*-1h u0pumped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the hearthapkb(3 g9q+gqe+zp ,?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessels to transv4/prq0rklwmv05j ) ; i n8iui2+wyvs port water ins2 nmlrr;5i ik )wspuy408v/+vjqi vw 0ide plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through during phloem loadin l xpkvvk 9g+4k85:pyig?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occyrgg s o4- h8xg+1ds9klusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was tugg4+shkyr189 gxds- orned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory system of a fidjxhnuj )d4 .dackxe3:m3:ex * 0:fqzsh.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structure rdd(h0(p h2p td cjrx8rb2 +t0of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph b *n8r3pwayvzzq 1 ,pe1elow is an electron micrograph of a cross-section of a stem of the monocot Zea mar,z1a*ypnq vp1 8ew z3ys.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of thr7yg hy+h pi.i(9in -1f)f,imruenx : e human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem of the monocotgrqp *89i 5cge Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of wr-s* g63e3ou+ rqocg kater in leaves have on other parts of a plan+qe3sg3g6 u* r r-ookct?

  What is the position of thn3(hfnuzud vb3 y8+o2e atrioventricular and semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at w+8 uh 3bv(n3znudy of2hich the pressure in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded into the sieve tto) +tn;ot+ tvbs-s8frpc6bmc6 l d2)ube unaided, before being transported around the plccpv l8f -ontodmttbr6 +2t)bs ;s+6)ant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a developing shootqg-)mhnc0 dheb 6*503go+ mnmgw f w)i taken at 400× magnific)06 e*hog5w gi+nmdb3q0c)mfwgh m- nation.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside 9j 8j kcqpf8i2xylem vessels to be lowerjkqpif92 8cj 8 than atmospheric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil absorbed vge3*vynl-07can +jbk azj .-by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and 7wzrr91b up/9 -ogaqqconsequences associated with plaque buildup in the coronary w b97ga- o9rq1zpuq/rarteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the hwqb rby)ctm:62rgd gh-36tn, ighest lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which use2fw7 t;y kot*bd radioactively labelled car;bf *tyt2kwo 7bon dioxide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem t5wuf.6z9n29g,v wwz -*kzw o-kgwuafound in the stem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents 4ygxoy/l*;dr w.h3guznj(4u the solute concentration and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes near the leaves and roots*(ud 4g3ol 4.jrnyzh /;u ywxg?

  The image below represents the changes in pressure in theevg. m.3(xts, xwz o kkj3+(vk left atrium, left ventrigx t .(em v 3ok.vz3,+jxwsk(kcle and the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies features of sieve t)66qevfn re8-7w+, wiez 9l7 svwpjzo6vl 4paube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids+brf z .x3isjs:3nu7u tyoi- 6 have been used to stu:sn i3tuj63fszb7-oxr ui .y+dy transport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.