Which of the following does not cause coronary heart di) b -nf:c:o9yjc p18eacb3drzsease?

  Which component of blood is mainly czytn; y+yh/2w omposed of water and transports water-soluble substances to diffe/y; +ynh2zywt rent parts of the body?

  Which of the following is*j3- utp ygeps, .bp/x/are a feature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar transport inr z1q/(s/kamc 5b0qzu-cay 4 i phloem?

  What helps prevent the backfei 64tnxqp0 m1low of blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering plant whiy dl)7x nt.vtex/r;z8 ch is often used as a model for the study of seed anatomy. xv)zrtxen;y7 l /dt.8


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table bel-sz/fndevbkuqd mk;:(3w, m+ ow is not correct for the structure and function of different blo;mfd3u,w/ z-k :qe(kvn dm s+bod vessels?

  The micrograph shows a tranw(8b q 4gy.mrhsverse section through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling the frequency r: njrtm6(px-fg(oy 8at which it beaf (86ryxg (tm:n ojp-rts?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to medrit-g:3x5jt 84 n s,skg5brgasure water uptake in plants. g i-rb3jrxtkg:s5n gs84,dt 5

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s) is/a, v/x65uc9pkpenl0o rl1dxn v*50ci gre true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blu0emd )0hlateq+pip 9h6a7r0ood flow into and out of the heart?)0h0pmpiuq t+adera6h0l e 97

  The diagram below sh,39*ghggnp- g rhs 4txows the structure of the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of /tl um :gdje9s mex102the heart is blood pumped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heartzb w(dmt1o :c:?

  The cohesive and adhesikjhi2 x(/98z h7n bpwtve properties of water allow xylem vessels to transport water 9xntp/bw( h2 87ikjzh inside plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through lfxesjq *;5s*during phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusiohcjjgvk (f 5tpn kon;mu-k+-k68 +y 0en on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed tky j-; (egc0pf h uvk nnokm586-++kjto an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory system 2gu,bgh z(n.t x7 0pwiof a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows thect+0 9r9u p o9rrthe4q structure of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron microgra4(y 6t-ucy utfph of a cross-section of a stem of the monocot -t(t4u6 uycy fZea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the strk+mtsbnd 4 0e.ucture of the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem of the monocot Zea Mays.hwc5po7uumt 3e 436gbj. cb7a

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in le1 tsgn07qlv 5eaves have on other parts of a plantt5ln vqg0se71 ?

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and /yj9 fg 2e qbuq+)id5wsemilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the left ventricle is the grwgidfq)5/qeu j2+ by9eatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded into the sieve tube unaided, bn00+ktij6,ss*3ck ra o ii7hoefore ksc0ij r,o 7nsht+ k io630ai*being transported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vesse ttl-z kgyn-;3ls in a developing shoot taken at 400× magnifzg;- 3nl- tktyication.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure in+4ggkqr u1 (kg;u1pia 8xkgd3side xylem vessels to be lower than atmospheric pr1 kgud1gu r g(k4+k;p8 q3gixaessure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil absorbed by roots?-om 0is9 tz0gi

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associatok0em6n8;jfgya+k k/ ed with plaque buildup in the8/ 0nofa jg6k kemyk+; coronary arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highest ligni-zu i1b 4bxoo)n content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment wti5xfd, h(kr8fk mu h6i1:4xehich used radioactively labelled carbon dioxide (1 f :8ih51 fe4,xdu6irt(khxkm4$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found i,+r+ xdd-yr 5 fqvm +blm3+fntn the stem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration+d7m)eqei l )axc6gwv7g ;b 12qftgl6 and hydrostatic pressure withi bwl)te)g76x ;gi1lc 6qavfeg2q 7dm+n the sieve tubes near the leaves and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressure in the 8xyqb3t g5t/r8zk6uuleft atrium, left ventricutt 3xru5bky/zq68 8gle and the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table corx8ab(6 ccx2yqadg(* sl9s/3fnpt oh)rectly identifies features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids have b- 5 5nf; x4dosj.uevddeen used to study transpox.4 5o5deu nsfd-jd;vrt in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.