Which of the following does n86av9 ;j1d 2trdn zuwqot cause coronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water and transports wag et0uws/u z 250;rd5ukq/c2gp4qz ah ter-soluble substan2zw /qcu/ 5pr025z04gskguat e;udh qces to different parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a feature of phloyfb20)c-h0q sq a tq/gem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar trpyj q.sc7a+.l99izb alg(y e+ansport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of blood in a vein/ r0to9ml whz+?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering plant whichp-yg ;gl17g2e5ij t vb is often used as a model for the study of seed anabtglpj;gi1 -e5vgy2 7 tomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the tab -7o13gdpzg ywle below is not correct for the structure and function of different blood vesseldw yg137gop -zs?

  The micrograph shows a t ne g ore50s1c57b;yyqransverse section through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involv rs) .tk e wu)d1ty;gp:xue-,xed in controlling the frequency at which it b)w eg;1 ytrspxk)x,uu.e td-: eats?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to measurhs ijjvt*5 892uh gv0oe water uptake in plantsu*5htg j so8vv 9ihj02.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s) is9 sx jm-ucdl6+x1tob/ /are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood flow in l y nusivey2c1,*,c2tto and out of the heart? ti2 ncyu1 e2s,lvc y*,

  The diagram below shows the structured 0dcduki5+p(7- h qbc08p cof of the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumckc-j/o.7v h1nnm um)ped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenatq0rupf5c.ej 6k95yn gs ia+.led blood from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessels tof j9 engecc1i-w2cxc+ e;.n *o transport watjew*cen+2f 1c;-g eccn .oxi9er inside plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose i zn9zl-9 tqg* .zu bg+;9kq2fbd fzw+pass through during phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusion on blood pressure, stq, gamm. lyjex78lh; ;udents set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubbj ,lxgye7al;8 ;mmq h.er stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory system of mlam4ai q:gyaw4r ye 5k6462wa fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structure of a heartuen3v w. ) 7nbjqox2je/,x b6z.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograph of a cross-section of a stem ksb1cr-vx* s eef +lwp8)e00i o 0brls*xpwf8cv sk0i-ee e+ )1f the monocot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the humapey*0 gvcmw n.::y5ot n heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem of the monocot Zea clig 43*7ay+x l wz09f/woofh Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporatbda8)caluo8.hx58i + u0rx *z7ywe t lion of water in leaves have on other parts of a plant?* 88owrltdy87 c0xl. a+iu h5b)zaue x

  What is the position of the a*;hs mwne+-oo :n f2gutrioventricular and semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the leftonm n;hu+o *f-w2ge:s ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose beingmdt7qc9 (leshn6l.5 wg5jz .l passively loaded into the sieve tube unaided, before be q..ln mzwdct7jls hg95le65(ing transported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below * v;7vma9bdyk9rkmi 4shows the xylem vessels in a developing shoot taken at 400× magnification. iyvd 7mkmba;4kv9*9 r

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure ic; ct xovmpa-y6n819lp p7k.e-bzn y ;nside xylem vessels to be lowe1bn8 p.7emn yx;oz6- pc 9-la;ykcpvtr than atmospheric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions fuaa7y,4a s)i in the soil absorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associated w3a9rvbd*tib-*zl0-cme g ny4ith plaque buildup in the coronary arteries.c*l0zv4*a-ymn9 rg3it e- bbd

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highest ipr/imj6w 3)rdn06g llignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experim+r0uya2)./comxo if(iro r n;ent which used radioactively labelled carbon dryuo/ onxrfi ;.+ira mc)20o(ioxide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem an0(po er2bc8dz2 gd /vvd the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solutexa9uj l,genk1do,c 0h e/30mk concentration and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes near the leaves and kxjehmd,u kl 0/1n3 9ea0g,co roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressure in the left atriu0:j0mi m/ qfiw:vkc9r m, left ventricle 0m/fkiqcr0 : i9w:jmv and the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the tabln2ngmep gd** -e correctly identifies features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphj( iiwh- n,4dsm7dq+hid with its stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids have been used to study transpond,hmi-7(dh4i+ j swq rt in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.