Which of the following does not cause coronary heart ddpmy y;t9mkjyv0 1 3 p*q+*xgjisease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water and transports water-okg*t*6y 0 udsbr(k6s solublerto0 *bk6y (dssg*6ku substances to different parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a feature of phloem?b a ,+ppfggr;2
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the tablegqx, :l q a/m2)rcqkv54 ,hkqv is correct for sugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of blood in a yvup qsuv 2r+g*)6w:d vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering plant which is oftenx3m gp5m *fchth-q9x- used as a model for the study of seed h*3pg-cfqxh-mt 9 5mx anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for the strh5pod)v wd5wfu /o8w ; 41emblucture and function of different blood vessels?h 5;ew15opwdlw4v/ umd of 8b)

  The micrograph shows a t)w4bc,x0gc awsli 5e:ransverse section through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heu(7f44llsf8k jq4mf q/i kbx) art is involved in controlling the frequency at which it beat fqlu l8fk )fkqm7 j4ib4sx/4(s?

  The diagram below shows a potomet p8tgnxt n26) a:twb/ter which is used to measure water uptake in plants.x/tn 2btan:68p )ttwg

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following sta6rglxm6j t)f;xw( k/r-8i wdp tement(s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the, jqwkk*y776 h/jktbn direction of blood flow into and out of the heart? *y hj/,kknqjt wb7 6k7

  The diagram below shows the structure of the human zkox58jw 3 *bot+th g4heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped into the pv c0pfznan7* ;ulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenax j0pm5spk9.b8 c0f .frbn8 gxted blood from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessels to transpor nige 5pc ,q2t(4rahq-t waterph2c 4 nqt(-q,igea5 r inside plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through during phloem lo9c5z6cjhs 7c:yj g 4jf 3lqf7pading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusion on /gx lct2 e ,(,hhupk,pvwz80m blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured thht/plh0eu gc,x z8 wv,(p2,kme distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory syst3 uus2rvn4 1rfem of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structure of a heart.toi au6xdsp f8os1jszn8-0 42

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an elect iox b4 p85yojme9bx(+ron micrograph of a cross-section of a stem of the monocot Ze+ 4exxp9b o b85(oymjia mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the human heartdqp mo514i5u : 6t wb1 y)0wum9m6yxbyxv; hwz.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stej8 m olm0s4y6vm of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of wazu9*zd)sbyu lu.h d9zn 9vct+v+ :za7ter in leaves have on other parts of a plantztvv nh+z9 :uuuy9lz 7bddac z9.) s+*?

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and semilunar va mgbm)a fcer9*7/z cj 2k1vxn:lves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the left ventricle is the greatef 7r12)envc9*ckm xa /mgbzj: st?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded intob q(sogqxobo we/) .4/ the sieve tube unaided, before being transpobeqo/w 4 )xs oob/q(.grted around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a developing shoot taken at 400×,ng a d.m7qt8y magnifig8a.yqmdt7 n ,cation.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure5okcr snxpfnjf-yu s :*22/)s inside xylem vessels to be lower than atmospheric pressu2)fs:5o pssyx u2kr*-nn /cf jre?

  How are most mineral 0 ah-4+- khirb4qfbl8f.ki jwions in the soil absorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consexu rb80al ynfz:cb 2/.quences associated with plaque buildup in the coronaryxa2fru0/bb 8 cy :nlz. arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highest li*2nfdrerp 1f cp 2;4kvgnin content?

  The graph shows the resunkxwd3q7n8 k/ lts of an experiment which used radioactively labelled carbon 3k dwnkx/8n7 qdioxide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem f yqptpze *.a +dry0xp0:x,v ,k t46lbyound in the stem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best repre nc /8u8h3kjeksents the solute concentration and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tube unj3h ek/88cks near the leaves and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressure in the left atrium, left +lta79q ccjrbk.:er1rr 8:nr ventricle and the aorta:n j +bq8.k e9ca tr7rrrcr:1l.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table corre6(yao7b i8k cxctly identifies features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with 0-+l5 z mi5cp qb4ls ypb.i1uuits stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids have been used to study transport in pli. um4 ppslbbi5y5-ql 10c+zuants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.