Which of the following does not cadu8ctyu 47x c-mth t 6wg.d(9vuse coronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water and transporn)7 9x+ax rle y*yvuo(ts water-soluble substances to different pary(vx *9nuea7)xo+yr lts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a feature of phlo zv) uu a39hg5;, 9xdgvzwmz,bem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is (-d)r( ve6slhyyjs .dcorrect for sugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow oftq fb 2.m5 whe2*nwif2 blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering plant which is often uskq 2si8 :yh1oned as a model for the study of seed an1 nh: q2ksoi8yatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct ygr d.v;*wwe/for the structure and function of differy*;gww ve .d/rent blood vessels?

  The micrograph shows a trs0avefp tej z*av227 7ansverse section through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart igdwn2eu /ie4 7s involved in controlling the frequency at which it beatgeni 4/edw7 2us?

  The diagram below shows a po7tc-x)*mj f5;de umnxtometer which is used to measure water uptake in plants.ux5 -j t nm7*)exmfc;d

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s) is/a/ z ,urt3yuk)ere true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood flow into and y 9b1j t doczo3j6:r0mycc:r:8x uha0out of the heart? o 6y:m8c d:j:yhcaoj 9xrtb cru0z103

  The diagram below shows the structure of the huma (+bykv ia,pz6n heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumpad yb-a m5q )gvsjw:dib/8op6t:w)2ged into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carrieanxb0;y+uab 6 s oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive prdv ;q .4huaq7yoperties of water allow xylem vessels to transport water inside plants. 7 v; .qa4uhqdy
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through during phloem loadigzp ;h-qzg xi:yj8)ktapu -q;j y7,j:ng?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusi ihj:x/m cxogpd(+:9zj* n r5ron on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an ar+ci: *hjdx (oj/r 5rxpnm:9zgtery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory system c)1:r0 y1jh c thoezkwrq 0 hf4+w-t2zof a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structure of a hea fpc )k9sbip9doew /8n,q)uc +rt.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron microdhai +h6hrx j./ br9vd7,gv-c graph of a cross-section of a stem of the monocot Zea mays.r-7jv bh6gx/vda+hh.c9d i r,

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the human heart.z6nx*fnrp1 z4w)sf0 zieqe;:


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem of the monocot Zea Mays. d-ox hw4e /g2l(fg 9dp

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves havriewp u:lg 5ry f5e; /8s 2rzpjx+/le(e on other parts of a plagl8rpep(ixe : 2rreljwf5+5s uyz /;/ nt?

  What is the position of the atrioventricular andf )nl3:6qdy:wf)i8y h,r) z sjer v5gc semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the left ventricle isjrqls i ,6)n))y8rhf cd :35zgfey:vw the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded into the/ k dm1w.l3wlk sieve tube unaided, before being transp1wml.kd3wl / korted around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a developing shoot taken at 400a wlz o8h 0-8apw3t u)xsi)a0v× magn-38l) uhtpo 0av s8wx0izwa)aification.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure insii41-;hsv3t r6 xdmc id )ygf6ode xylem vessels to be lower than atmospheric pressure?sxcom;vid)3yg t6 h1d-6ir f4

  How are most mineral ions in the soil absorbed by root-pllrzvi6l*. s?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associated with plaque buildup in th0pk.en o)d(mv.1ef/x k *dcsxe coronary arteries 0 1x /mo)cee*xn.dkkp v(d.sf.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highest ligni.z 4u 9 ot:jp56*zzgpz 7xlksin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment wh cp+dtd:iy 7mx;p7p3 vich used radioactively labelled carbon 7 :;pd3x+vp cim t7pdydioxide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the ste.k/4t q scv)tebf 2.btm and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solutel 1+rb2 h559wpq:bu mc.k/ivxlg f(/kfxy0bw concentration and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes near the 2cwmv(5k.kh lpxx0b/ylw b/rg9 bf :+i51quf leaves and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressure in thexz e a9m ttrmvwx(,:) 2a0lbt. left atrium, left ventricle x9r w.0t(tmz :2aba mx)vl,teand the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies features off 8u svssnq ;d72am;b.h ;pobp -2cx-e sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted into a pl3 pmkt oe4.db-vxhf )eo6x4:nant. Aphids have beenm o4-n vxpfto)e43kb.hd:6ex used to study transport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.