Which of the following does not cause corgxqj ig8x+ 0m*onary heart disease?

  Which component of blood.a,gzgosg1 i . is mainly composed of water and transports water-soluble substances to different parts of goigs..,1 gaz the body?

  Which of the following is/are a featureyjl 0 ;iavs79r of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct forbui o5,h.o *j;dmlr4j sugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of bx.(ndc 4( ztqulood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species od/v5kr g nh6q8f flowering plant which is often used as a model for g/ rq58 6dvkhnthe study of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for the structure and o /c3af. ;dffud.p2kvfunction of different blood vessela c2fkdu;/ p3f .ovd.fs?

  The micrograph shows a transverse section through a leaf. +vargk 1.y5r4wkgi p2


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the *:b gcu) ;u. b(s6 x-knwkcdswheart is involved in controlling the frequency at which it beatuuc)6. bc :w(xwn*dgb ; k-skss?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to mear6 7q5l .yuhjhsure water uptake in plants.qryulhj5h 7. 6

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s) is/arefhaa:z ry )3w6 vc/2*svkzd5 k true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood flow into and out y6h*opr5 kl a+of the hea5or6 h*a+l ykprt?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the human hy tpex84t2hm3 eart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heartu41s s6fj j7xq is blood pumped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carr51w(dlnsv a6 uies oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessels to transport ntq;s)fn 0sjywz r9 r2xh( f97water inside plants. hfj99ts( zs r)y 0 wrfx;7nnq2
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose 4+y uqremq nncf5i+hdo1 :t6/ pass through during phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the pq/w- g-m/jqdeffects of artery occlusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric wate-pqgm-/q/ w jdr pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory systeiyty e.ff. z-5 )+nlhpm of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the strucdj mec7) ,hvbp7sg, js:s2dfxnzi1,-ture of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograph of a cross-sect9-c9k q ie8qmeion of a stem of the monocoteiq98c9 mq ke- Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the struct;;+ n;dy*n0r- je bicrzqa;kuk)c c+bure of the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem of th/iawavg -4(p.k 7dtife monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporatiou3:z6i*v( k -scx mc2+owryuln of water in leaves have on other parts of a planly*zrux6 2w (3 i:vscuk+c o-mt?

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and semilunar valvesus 6k0ib)5effke 9/p l5 k; c6k2dhamm at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the left ventricle is the greatest k6 ; mkm/ acfkps0huf256ei 5dl)9ekb?

  The diagram shows sucroseq ;qc4l9t/vs67 t+vfmqwk fy; being passively loaded into the sieve tube unaided, before being transported y;mk+vf496f s7cq tt wlq/vq; around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vesselsamo90e1 sdp lj: sd(9t in a developing shoot taken at 400× magd09 : lo1ta essdm(9pjnification.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure *h pqd:zev6bqjub/xbg.:11 k inside xylem vessels to be lower than atmospheric pr x1h */:bbjg 1vqpqb .6zd:uekessure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil:e z lurl4/ f+htsh59m absorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk facto7(f -lk -1qz6j qeox+wdl drog:(wbae: aat0,rs and consequences associated with plaque buildup in tho7dfk :(ga-aq0lq w+ jredl,o(z: b-axt we1 6e coronary arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the high1iy x:ahg) oh,est lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment m 0sfse:6rxbdyr)6ji/- 0rge p*ph( pwhich used radioactively labelled carbon dioxide (sgdrm:(y-p x/r*6)fpiepbse0j6 rh 014$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem an4x)d9: t-j -xeiipiy.mvdaj9 d the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute coni2yrs - 4i:dzp vu6 ya3afe6/scentration and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes near the leaves and roots? svfiy6 u ry3: 4pa2eias6d/-z

  The image below representi;hs1 u;hq h7gnqk--vh+auboi(i, a2 s the changes in pressure in the left atrium, left ventricle anhqvu- 7ii(i;gahsbu, a hh+;n k-1o2qd the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the tab aowryj(v8*n ,le correctly identifies features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids hakgvr b3a5f04z o y+m0wve been used to study r430amv0oz5k y f +gwbtransport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.