Which of the following does not cause coronary heaui4njig 6 .xp9rt disease?

  Which component of blood im62j1eov9iwj xi 9zfxsc*5e+ s mainly composed of water and transports water-soluble s o19s*ew 6mj9xx+ic jv2ize f5ubstances to different parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/arpm)j*k8 i;m 7tjo4z hoe a feature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the tablehqs1 3((zub mzm;n t(a is correct for sugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the bal kdg.v3,7 i2rw(lj bockflow of blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering plant which is often uz5 jfugwp*a3t 0ta5h,sed as a model for ta53,pgzwt tf0hu*a5 jhe study of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table belowo 0f;5u2;t f (awzsjjsebo( 4l is not correct for the structure and function of dif5a4( jsw ff s0u(jt2l;ooez;bferent blood vessels?

  The micrograph shows a trm wnqvue l0skcrr7f*/4y,.r,ansverse section through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heartrwn y pc(v:i q:3ln1;f is involved in controlling the frequency at which it bea3clrq; vnwnp::1y(i f ts?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to measure water uptake+ ds pfjy)5*dg in plands+p)* yj gf5dts.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?afz(t/v);zbg+qf 0a i
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood)bvu s*:7 62nqclr dao flow into and out of the heart6a)c 7r :bqnu*ld2svo?

  The diagram below shows the struch i 0l96-uxrefbj;bz 2ture of the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of xdn y3),zna 0fthe heart is blood pumped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated 4qmt4y w/fvdvjazlo3(m1 a,ea,ph 1*w c by+;blood from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xyk* g8:qfzgl k6 2dghw/lem vessels to transport water inside z/28hdq:6* l ggkfgkw plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pa5isj6t e mm-.yk.le;b ss through during phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation intovbds--ysmuboh7;mgn ryxl 00s16p2 6 the effects of artery occlusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed-y-vmm x6d gssp70 y6slh102r;uobnb to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory syno )vs3yq, uvl7n)s0h stem of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below showsvoxj;y7dg p-(x56x hz ;2nz bs the structure of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is a4 310asr miwcos9am1 sn electron micrograph of a cross-section of a stem of the monocot Zea m9w m4s a3s1 airosc0m1ays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows ttabv 0 mjj1cpkl(u -q- . t 09qp-ujy1usm(kj/he structure of the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of m)kq+ .vei *oathe stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves have on other part.3oo 9; 7ujpgt(vsaxxo*xdh 9s of a planaxp s hj9(gxo9tv*oudx7.o 3;t?

  What is the position of the at*og 39l6wka fxrioventricular and semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycokgw*l9fa3x6 le at which the pressure in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loadyjjh 9 cjxql2 )dj b5cie; /t26+qmkl)ed into the sieve tube unaided, before being transpormbj lj2 tyc) ;cd6)9qikq2exj /l5+jhted around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a developing shoot taken atg hq5 fkchq/+1 400× magnificqq+5h h fg1/ckation.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside xy ( ws7eg(5xxkplem vessels to be lower than atmospherics((5eg kwp7xx pressure?

  How are most mineral ions+5qzsgdxly e wff-+u3+ yc *q5 in the soil absorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and co86v+xj. xw etm8 8;yb (n*ryh m4ipscnnsequences associated with plaque buildup in the coronary ;8 p(x*t w+eb4jmmi88nvc.yrs hx yn6arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highest lignin content?cz5y s+ dl7np2z87ypk

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which used radioactivelahxhv 0t4 lx0rh1ra r2d)3.qyy labelled carbon 0rxh0ht ar 1xv2.qyh4)al3dr dioxide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem and the root:5prx 8pd sn:i of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration and hydrostaticp f+6mcgdc .m7 pressure withim6cc.f7+md p gn the sieve tubes near the leaves and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressure in the left atrium, left ventampz3ng4+:t; z3 a3 5peeyn pqricle an54e ;n ypngezp3m3zqtp:3a a +d the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly ideafwzr95a gfpt*5m02l(m. wa fntifies features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted ejcvh )(7o ix8into a plant. Aphids have been used to study transport in plants. ihj(c)78 eo vx

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.