Which of the following does not cause coronary heart diseasea82v)f7 -avsrlx; ka c?

  Which component of blood isk;uz (ae8 )cgo mainly composed of water and transports water-soluble substances to different parts of the body?gco ;ek(8)a uz

  Which of the following is/are a fea89,m+ssccpjpa7 nk o *ture of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for suig w/ya(i t,9ggar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the bacrh gg2 p frq.0eri29/rkflow of blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering plant which is often ud3 57 u5ie5l5qtl*;b ovi;mn -ojbnvmsed as b5*;lnl-5 jvbtnmqi3d; 7eoumi v5o5a model for the study of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct fprrv)b/uk 3q9:*jzyvor the structure and function of differen:z /q ry*u 3j)vpv9bkrt blood vessels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse l ;x6p * druz9okcc:xw(lh6z9section through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the z4)a:ifgq ox3heart is involved in controlling the frequency at which it beats?q:g)o4 ifazx3

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to measure water uptake in p7b5gsegqw+ v,lantw +b7 v5e,sggqs.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statemeeu6x2r,qi5ve3d )g, v tt(ugsnt(s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shostj*r79 f, xanws the direction of blood flow into and out of the heart?n 7s ,a9tf*xrj

  The diagram below shows the structure of the2dcqw(r9zeml *8lqlrb s 3w ia-ci97 3 human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pcarpibxe1mfkq*//8x2wa 4sdz; m n6/umped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood frwjgtknt 6d(ai 37c.p+om the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesie1x a7t 04zuzdcxw9 4sve properties of water allow xylem vessels to transport water inside 1t0z9cz x a uw4sdx74eplants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through during phloem loaq b7h *+g:pmn oi97bokding?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation intl:s(3m0l 1h)ou;k8c pyduz 5p bs,lbzo the effects of artery occlusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilpk o5sbzsz8; 1 lyh3ulb,):(d0l cpu mled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory systkmil+tjy n zwac,7;nl ,+z :n(em of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structure of a hzfc/bw3lf ,6 01 eih vw*um0npeart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micuhy;r /t4vh3h rograph of a cross-section of a stem of ty3 r;4h hvuht/he monocot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the human he0qvmbr:b-8rqw c,s7( z0d(f3 sxgyoeart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem oa:,yehf4)c v wf the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves have on other parts of a plaw:xnkmz v2ug n: -y9-dnt?k 2xgnw:v-du:n9z-ym

  What is the position of the atrio3xa, bx 8q03yif(d eit.5*pdnvhdo)kventricular and semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cy)xf 5kadenv3 .odt iyi0x*q(8 db,3 phcle at which the pressure in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrb *h:ghh2sm0jwa( h-qua4am hk /4ck*ose being passively loaded into the sieve tube unaided, before being transported around thshw mh4gk**hbmau4haqhk- ( :a/jc02 e plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels ij:7sqpe39 ptun a developing shoot taken at 400× m peq93spj:7 utagnification.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside xylem vesselsw3px ur(qe 8no47iwh 6 to be lower than atmospheric p8qoxw4e ruh67 (3iwp nressure?

  How are most mineral ie+9)otw2xl6 fo s/8nbg3chgdons in the soil absorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and ;-;fz)g/ )jwwtsmy nwh nn g3)consequences associated with plaque buildup in the corojnm )ztg ww; h-;nsg3) ynfw)/nary arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highest lignin contentbh(9+ x d /k1nbd/pubp?

  The graph shows the results ytd kzmxd.0h3u4t2 /eof an experiment which used radioactively labelled carbon dioxizh2t0k4dmet/ 3u.d yxde (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem (bhvlrair r46g. xc)3rk w02fand the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represent *+xs fwv3 wehi/-7ze flo)w;qs the solute concentration and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubfszi)/fw+q;- e3v*h we 7lxwoes near the leaves and roots?

  The image below represents theb5r7 egvjf+3s5cfsae 9;h6d f changes in pressure in the left atrium, left ventricle and the aorta 9db;rash53ff56ef7je +vscg.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies features ow7vi 36t 0o9-qvjm 2bcnpm*euf sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet(e0l3jz lgtmx7ig58 r inserted into a plant. Aphids have beel3 exj7(grmli8t50 zgn used to study transport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.