Which of the following does not cause coronary heart diseasel cj d:z6t;6 -cqc +ld;hbmxj8?

  Which component of blood is maivx4 v(xt w kvsa-2, vn:oui5m9nly composed of water and transports water-soluble suviuav xsv5w :vk (-tn,m9 2ox4bstances to different parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a feature of phloebt :rxrm.n q)7m?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for suga7j;o nx .(;e evq8y-a*vydddk r transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of d29fj 9/e5uuhf:yd hmc lo;+s blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering plant which is oftaygfj,vc;hm; 6as(fx)t2 u2f en used as a model for the study fvx ;,f22g(hct m;sa) ay f6ujof seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not corb)o *qm;e f-fga.km+*f-xs nsrect for the structure and function of different bloo-fqmmfoxk*ega )*+s;-n b s.fd vessels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse section thro4f* f s1.aeqk )cj*vjaugh a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling the frer/ooh3i; qek8ed i.e8quency at which it beats?.8e;o/d8 erio ke3 iqh

  The diagram below shows a potometer 45ysbl z;d;x6uq ,nvnd1v j *cwhich is used to measure water uptake in plants.jldz1 s*; b6;vy vd, nn5cuq4x

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s) is/aredn0( p7)tcqdcl i) 0z6 jobsp4 true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood flow into and out of the wr6rk98 m2foehear o9 2wef6r8mkrt?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the hx0gh /yxt6e1w uman heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped into the pulmo7su1 h.w0 6h /mblw k.wj0/h lhvx7wcpnary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxnhbnw8 ;+ /lcfrd5-dtygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow po w zy 3;2t:ptlhz,0hxylem vessels to transport watzh3 p,0hyop:wz2 t;lter inside plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass throughw9il (u z7vw .xi04pj)fepqa a 3(pvdnc4;7yh during phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the ef0guq/ y2x; afmfects of artery occlusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigf/ga qmy;0x2 uid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory j-tinc 7;3wdksystem of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structure of a heart.g,-,kwjlwl(p;nh5y 1ksi 5m q

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below zyan:jz*/eopyeg j/t2g*+ *m is an electron micrograph of a cross-section of a stem of the monopegetz+: /yjoyj*m 2 *na*/gzcot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the w/2 xonl0zr1. si3wddhuman heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem of the monot5 pzq.cw yh1*d a:ab4cot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporationdts o+io); 1k)j brfzza,(2 eq of water in leaves have on other parts of a plant )(s o1e,k2tb+ ajzzrd);oqfi ?

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and semia-p pw vk1wpo-hcg 834lunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycl1o3p-4apc-wh wkp8 vg e at which the pressure in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose be31d(sv.lie;zq)s plming passively loaded into the sieve tube unaided, before being transported ar(epq m vs i;.l13)lsdzound the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vesselu0h6 ,sp+:4u31qekfl4 mqqxdv c 9of rs in a developing shoot taken at 400× magnifov0ufh1q4 q, 9de6mu4x+lrfps:k c3 q ication.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the+oo3x pttj8wlzi x6rfvv; l/; w7 x2z2 pressure inside xylem vessels to be lower than atmo7lvor3wx foz;jv+x;p xtz/22 68t lwispheric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soils 2yxn2 yzlx3eqi ,38u absorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences assl;o)1ick s b7l;*tbjhd8fe2 kociated with plaque buildup in the cod osti8bf;l c7*;jbel1 kk2 )hronary arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following uefj me1f621 sjtgh;1 is likely to have the highest lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which used radioactively ; 7+ nbw3.1riw/ f zeb;6 ulkozgjvl(klabelled carbkugrb36znzw1w.jl7el ;i+bf o/; (k von dioxide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem and the root of a plant.,f2g8fuzrp: fa ;d j/u

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration a 2.rgfxpfm.b5oaw, ) hnd hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes .bhfgf w )x25opmr,.anear the leaves and roots?

  The image below represents the change-lvx2dm vmgkso 6.2) rs in pressure in the left atrium, left ventricml6k vgms2)2rvd .o-x le and the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correap ;b6p x+in)tctly identifies features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet insertediik74mgqa itih58 )8 q into a plant. Aphids have been used8ii4iak q)g q7m8thi5 to study transport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.