Which of the following does not cause cj5xt2n8i. m m jo64+j1sq adqopsa0b 6oronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water and transports watifa60czx*w2e- t nz /9eh5nfmer-soluble substances to different parts of i0em*t 5- 9fnhn2fxec 6awz/z the body?

  Which of the following is/are ptf8v(57 8c,sem zq0ss;kdarm p 76hsa feature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is c,yz3yn9e6s w9 bm we0dorrect for sugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of t+gyit+s,uk; wy pzjy, l; u)0g )9eqf v)p3hsblood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowerin si2(7aujh3 mas khig 7x41pm4g plant which is often used as a model f7hj31 h2 4siipmgkua mas(4x7or the study of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is ncj5n*p 5t:cl7u 5/ zjs uw4rh gy(:tchot correct for the structure and function of diffep7 *jycw(5gh4/ j5uhc:lt r:nzc5s ut rent blood vessels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse section through a leaf popso 7r)/ pk-tg3ub*.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling the frequenc+) a2,;a 6lqujk1ztcte(t jnh y at which it benzkcja2t +a,)t( lhqtu; j1e6ats?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is9z4at) v ezxqfv50sb )(ylj 2z.xvi rul;x.+g used to measure water uptake in plantsz2x)q b9lax; x.f)zigj4(yeuv rt .v +slv0z 5.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s) is/are t. ljfguzn7p glt2o7/e z; r5g*rue?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following i afmf g-ort0vyzgb-1x/ed0(++ , brkshows the direction of blood flow into and out of the hea01+i t f+a0bmkvggy/ bf-eoz-(,xd rr rt?

  The diagram below shows theak9pstq :0 no ++r-www c2w p-/x1/ig ogy8okv structure of the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped into thh0x ,mt v.u89a1g4)ihkhafw ne pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood from th(-m. ir gx.(uemzntg3e lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessels to transpod ev.*onwve*.2s dxqt5u;2lcrt water inside plantt.; 5 vlodsude*xnq*v.2cw e2s.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pasmief 11z3n1)++bu3n bdwc hzis through during phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation in,no *i odhd913zjlxa;to the effects of artery occlusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, wax,9o1jazdd;hl o n i*3s fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatofv v. /;rqr u;a:1zuhdw)wbt *ry system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structure of a hea c:-f6s1xm; szt44mzzlwsja ,e)d wk3rt.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograph of a cross-section of a st.n -3w.vzpi0ujzru a/2 dk fd)em odvu3npw.0)/ irzd-fkz. a2ju f the monocot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the htpa wf dkr1.p 5qycd- (;xm)pc0lo25ov97v g auman heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron m07q1i+ki+um1dc gxy aicrograph of the stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water i2r 9s-wrpgo7jn leaves have on other parts of a plansw-rr2pgj 79ot?

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and semi 6o0mx7s aecw0lunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the6wecs07ox m0a left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being pasbq9(gw380d d)t (zojlox ne;i sively loaded into the sieve tube unaided, before bedb 3n;9joq)lit (0 ewozgxd8(ing transported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a developing shoot takmpm3m3w z;o *wen at 400× magnificatiowmm3mw ;*o zp3n.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside xylem vbcmd by::cvyqmt d o v696-4b8essels to be lower than atm-yocbv qt9cv6bb d6d4m 8::ym ospheric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in t b*wzw/ -s3qqmhe soil absorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and co5nckaln u fc1 7:0qvz2nsequences associated with plaque buildup in the coronary arterievk21cnnau lz fq7c50:s.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highethco y ;z5d*l-st lignin content?

  The graph shows the results vzd+y-(le/ kitj52y tof an experiment which used radioactively labelled carbon diot e+2dzk /tj5vly (-yixide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem and07uts tdwk0k 49n 5zpt the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration and hydrostatic pressure withia:fsu w8 l sw;:9yb7v-kw*+obro ) pkin the sieve tubes near the leave+7:bww-f o ilpb:y u)*8ws;av skk9 ros and roots?

  The image below represents the c2g g: ee/9n/nip agek:hanges in pressure in the left atrium, left ventricle and the age/n2ge ie/9n:k:g aporta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies features of sieve tube eln 5qms-k: b8axements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted into a planv3yq0x -9uxrz hw4 z+5jvhz,nt. Aphids have been used to study transport iv54q,nuxhr wvz0 hz3j xz +-y9n plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.