Which of the following does not cause coronary hear7e(d idwaa7x xosb,oe6nw 9 v42d -wg,t disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of wa*vwl.s hb:jp8v 9v7 dgter and transports water-soluble sub9vbl.7phw jgd8vvs * :stances to different parts of the body?

  Which of the following i e94nm+l2ebfc s/are a feature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar trans7pvozyy-f 40z 4i9hkkport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of blood 6coob/ +c,c chin a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering planrlsvz(/, h/.gc+duov, 4srmp (j0xxft which is often used as a mode s +rv s,cj/,gd(lho v(zmx4pruf/x 0.l for the study of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the tablekm,u4/5p:qvl nuk k..6p a j p6ugonc. below is not correct for the structure and function of different blooau 5jg.pk, n .lmuq4:c6n.k u6p/ kovpd vessels?

  The micrograph shows a7y5a2 mvt6m wi transverse section through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling the frequen7;m.qu: gtgflv zxu7;cy at which it beatsgtu7fgmv7lx:;; zq u.?

  The diagram below shows a potometer whi p9:ht8ynh gj+ch is used to measure water uptake in plantshp gy j9hn+8:t.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statemen tjl2w 3:q6,zz ik2ornt(s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blo+bi /qur kr1o3od flow into and out of the heart/ rb k+q3riou1?

  The diagram below shows the stt(wkvp2s:- rkuu,fobil+m 3. ructure of the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped into thv ;vzq0-0fa)tu 1-d oh gazxeqrj3:- ke pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood frjs(c s awujpcmbn-4a+vx4,4g 5 l 01mvom the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xj 7k )8s9.,ec tootflfylem vessels to transport water inside plants.j.79 ot )e8kfstcl, fo
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through during phlolu1 x79raiavze c5b97x. cj, kem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation h5ulj o,oct 6dal25m5into the effects of artery occlusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hol 5j 5co udht25o,lma6le was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents th,shrw: 5obwn4z 4 koc*e circulatory system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below showsi2l pf88r mx2k 7cqlm0 the structure of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograph of a cross-section of xx3amk025b x k ena-+wcof7 s+a stem of the monocot Zea mambs ca x n3k0ew+o5+x7a2fk-xys.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of j-5kf8 bj ik6ithe human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem of the monocot Zea May/:tjo 2gig 7 zgcpycd7m /x(k9s.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves have on0)dhuy8;scr k. qm;x i other parts of a plaxh8;imr. 0cs)q ydu; knt?

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and semilunar valves at the point 4v(ykt:3usnzgs/f 1 ia2jo,min the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the leftsz,: gk 2sfn3mutyoajv1(4i/ ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose1p;m9 8zc z je(2xwh6*bo cbkn being passively loaded into the sieve tube unaided, before being transported around the w9 c2*o kbj18xb(cmpenh6 zz;plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a developing shoot takenlxy )gkgw4 -xva8 ,p1u at 400× ma-48,vwgu xlyg)a1 xk pgnification.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that caus90yco15 on 5dfewg xk4es the pressure inside xylem vessels to be lower thaned k0yc wo491g5f 5xno atmospheric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the 3h9 l-qm:jw g2u*vqv ir x24hesoil absorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associated with plaque buil odzb +6h *:4mollsd-pdup in the l+d:6 b*o-dpmzo 4lhs coronary arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highest lignin 2bbupnyzy+l yyyq/z: -:yu97content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which used radioact3p dgl0h mujkh; n q;+6qnru/;ively labelled carbon dioxide lj;ku ;pumhd;36/nqh 0n+r qg (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem and the rrp edyoc g3sm(nrztu4 v655) 7oot of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represegtl f , qsg-/ -gm(+:qwgv:tygnts the solute concentration and hydrostatic pressure within twgqggv-qs(tm gy-l:+fg, /t: he sieve tubes near the leaves and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressure in the l(bi a u8u bcyb bq67u3jdl.:b7eft atrium, left ventr.7 78 ba uub3li jub(cy6qdbb:icle and the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies*ws/:zohkw1z, bficnp3w4 0l features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids have be une 7o7j7foe6iw2f s/en used to 27f nw/io7s6eu7 o fjestudy transport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.