Which of the following does ( /nm/owksspjw44m.x not cause coronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water and transports wqp -vqhnh,huk+41lt f7nl6v6 ater-soluble substances t6lf ,nplqhuhn+7-v1hvk q6 4to different parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a feature of phloem?fpp.d,ga msg8t*,y 3k vs x)8c
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar transport in phloefqw14zvs5i u) m?

  What helps prevent the backflow of blqb3h1nx*cp 7dv)k-p b/jb; hbic1ed-ood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering plant which is often used as r64 zgxy2:al46jyfdf a model for the study of seed anat6z :jy4xrfya4lfd62 gomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correc;zzo; ,w;hid nt for the structure and function of different blood ved;; ho; ,nwzzissels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse sectiychkru815;ueq zz f2eq+n 3 ;zon through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling the frequency at which it 3b3qdw3 jc+:hy -3(i ywbge1vmvqf :pbeats?b v:ecv3dy h 1w3w3q p(q3mgi yf-b:j+

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to measure water uptake in p+,(c a2 .j9zfjo vbrl9nep/z mlavj(a n9 mpezj/b2r zlc9o+ .f,nts.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement( 3 yim-4. pn4ht-ax hh93jksams) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction 8c7 qf isuo( lvgi+6 lho8uu:+of blood flow into and out of the heart?u6i cl +suo8q 7i f+(gvhu:o8l

  The diagram below shows uhqf1a+ ;/-u(/m c: d vpsbfdofnig2,the structure of the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumpeb x3j vx xnc:xwhzi)40(7i5nxd into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood from the lunlj7/n z 9xjjhusw1 b:7gs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of gj9:0t6 u)fpkj +rygp7pzm.hwater allow xylem vessels to transport water inside plp:gk z6h p79j 0+)pyu.grmjftants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through duyw (c /ee5x g3oly8n(nring phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusion on blood pressure, stud9bt*xny e,9hqents set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned o ,ehnyt9 *9xqbn. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory sys;r1a cipew*vc u4+5.9tn/ q7hrall dstem of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structuro8pw, rzzwuocl(; 3sm;*x;cg e of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograph ofdge8g) yi/yqxox2* /w a cross-section of a stem of the monocedgi/yqyw*/2 x8x go) ot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the human h7lgpa r( .0djheart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electr +qs8f q7njq 3tjdt9p,on micrograph of the stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation oy f,,xnwz15 s ihs,.3q2/mlp;oxsw-mb3am rxf water in leaves have on other parts of a plan-2, ha ,pymxq.xws3bz5 for ,3mx1slmwi ns; /t?

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and semilunar valves at the w zo(cm 1zlc4+b8sy(r point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure iz oy((cmc rz 1slb4w+8n the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded into the sieve tube unaided, be uc(m+2d(5wcrd -tvgk(e bcw -s-pzz+ fore being transpowecw5d+zk(-c g - tdr+s(p2vc mb-zu(rted around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a de)7mcn+xx3e/eg* n1u 3hx 3nmjfmg d) pveloping shoot taken at 400× magn) um mje p3n1x)g xdxcefg3 37+nh*m/nification.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside xylem vessels to bv df./fi8,.zr,rk xor e lower i r,. fzkr,o d8.fvr/xthan atmospheric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil abl9d7i urc sc:+zy 0:wgsorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associfwx 6;3xpiu 0vated with plaque buildup in the co 63wuxp;v x0ifronary arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likelyg bjd;j)sv;z 3 to have the highest lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which used radiqf(,s2e k.my7x tcgw+ oactively labelled carbon dioxide (14yx+fse,mq.7(gc wk t2 $CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrasxo7b 45b riy-.dom w(pt the phloem found in the stem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentratipan ug,pbka 7)e3(,i son and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes near the le,agpb7n 3(pe,ka)u siaves and roots?

  The image below represents the changet(sx4*ok , euco7z7hced3 dmir 21-5 rcl*h ccs in pressure in the left atrium, left ventricle and theer,dm cr-c5u hi h4zx *7oe13ls 7*octk2(cdc aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identiyv 17h.*gtvnp6k7s-eq 9qbf j+ /gg )oo: qqscfies features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids have bf b)1 hrsu4yr6een used to study transport in plf )4yh1rsubr6ants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.