Which of the following does not cause coronro5 ii+eo-;0csjpi fg9h o d5-ary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water and transports water-solub z3ha qq1pm8hd9hc /w*le substances t*9q hadw13p /qm z8chho different parts of the body?

  Which of the following grr7:6m ldxw9 is/are a feature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct dn9f+9x7xzyun0 m,6x8e kh bj +qzm8bfor sugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of bloodnro 8o81rk1 slfacy88vn;bd* in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, isvfr. zasp *7yw/6 aic5 a species of flowering plant which is often used as a model for the study of seedwzay567/c sif* .prva anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for the structure and funf(lv8ff w 0(,fyzpoymu my9-zu.pum(*jz - n6ction of different blood vessew m0lymyzz-.*mff(uy 6 v zj-n,8pf( puo9(fuls?

  The micrograph showsdryuwh/0+y w )(b: lla a transverse section through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involvedoaj( az+; 2v*dt)zroitss ;1d in controlling the frequency at which it b;a)stzidtr2vjsz (a o 1*;do+eats?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to measure watl-8qq sd 05wbwpfi 3r-er uptake in plants. iq d p8w-qsw50f-3br l

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s) is/are trut / yldy,un2hmco4rz4m:bn p3u7j+ r /e?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shovyoj h y m1k:if*lcf13c )+bt.z :r-zkws the direction of blood flow into and out of the hea)zf+-t 1o .*lc ik 1vjyrc: 3hbzfy:mkrt?

  The diagram below showslajxpf,5 n-q +1derqxa9f( 5l the structure of the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped into the pulmonaxnx) 6vy+e*a:dqqih43sxep+l3h lk . ry artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated bloo-nc4sl9c,5tsyyxkcz 3t5un 7d from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adh r*9 b ie /z-jmieu1r5u0hs0hs: pkfk7esive properties of water allow xylem vessels to transport water inside plants. *zfeeksh 0 -i/pj1 b:k5r7m0iuurhs 9
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through dprt4v *r9o q .7e7oe/rgi+ksxuring phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusion on blood pressure, sczhv.t7i 5f6 vpnn+c: hbm8a8p)nj6htudents set up a simple experiment. ib6h5+am:t6v8pj hpn8nnc c . 7fz)vhA rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circiim2m ,3w8 o:) qlp7hll/w kuv4c dbl4ulatory system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structure +qk3*l, .9lpkdub/ dape/hg kof a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an e7-ehwg 3na rbak nii17o )p1*ylectron micrograph of a cross-section of a stem of the monocot Zea mays.*po1a-rn y) a3e7hwbi71ni kg

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the human heartwd wfp5 la32 6z+xnfn)8nel x7.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem of the monocot Ze zdow ;+6wd-:+wpxkeaa Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves have on other ki,b3(z.un nuparts of a plan 3(nk zb.u,iunt?

  What is the position of the jr0e mn)ua7y: atrioventricular and semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the lefm :ruen0j y7)at ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrosgydl /qc ub+mn( 3ba7,q/ )mdme being passively loaded into the sieve tube unaided, before beinnl(,qm7g/ q b uad3mbd cym+)/g transported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the 5x 21xwiz5rb rxylem vessels in a developing shoot taken at 400× magnification. 2ri w5 xz51rxb

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor th(v *x(h4jjm mwat causes the pressure inside xylem vessels to be lower than atmospw mxm hj4vj*((heric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the sezcr xx*3 2 l iirve0cy1-cl*/oil absorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associated5 ek, ug9*e2smgw*hsp with plaque buildup in the coronary argsme 92u,wp5 e*kgs* hteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following m kjc 35uy v4j8lup.:lis likely to have the highest lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which used radioactivelyjc8 )ly1bvf - acq-m)l labelled carbonj8ba --fl )v1y mlcqc) dioxide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem founc0xsct30e2ojt z tn 9)d in the stem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentraa0bq0q2hrx a+ 4ja (qt 1q0e 0b3 a,exhim9pgotion and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes ntq92 1e4o,0jq x3x0gab qri(e +ma bphq00haaear the leaves and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressure in the left atrium, lefte)d i nbpho4pa- sv302 ventricle 23ods npeha4b0pi)-vand the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly idc5o o+jwb*t -xn-o7r+xctg4 oentifies features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids hnwor,+7 ycgwp:py .1qave been y oyp.+nr1:p7cg,w qwused to study transport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.