Which of the following does not cause coronary heart diseaseugl th4*ub *nlg9. syp*sje 4.?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water and ;(skq1s+n;tc ihuoy7transports water-soluble substances to different parts o oyukt 1n s(ic;q7h;+sf the body?

  Which of the following is/are a vdeo busx/c8a)w4 (t6feature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar transport in phloem?c 79xxmnr1gw:

  What helps prevent the backflow of blood/ n3 hbanao)xe 2mdqf:n97 :34wptoib in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured bw06j48m.)yyjoi l (frkdgm k6:stj8m elow, is a species of flowering plant which is often used as a model for the study of seed wk8j4 j:6(m6omrgd8yi)jly 0 ft.ms k anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not coet2l9 sokc-a) m*f mu4rrect for the structure and function of different b - ctlmfmasu49o2ek *)lood vessels?

  The micrograph shows a trainx ac . qw.:jwro:nkh..k9i f3qw5)mnsverse section through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controllinv nskwp3)v t33g the frequency at which it beat )vpvt3nw33ks s?

  The diagram below shfmb2 wmtu phy*71m,9cuy- ir:ows a potometer which is used to measure water uptake in planth tymfm i*m,:7y9uc1wburp-2s.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s) ibf ;u wdlbp 5xt4.p4ns -si-*ws/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows ggg/way1fy /7 the direction of blood flow into and out of the heart?wgf gyga17//y

  The diagram below shows the structure of the human heart. b,jgog/ 8trx ena,9e;



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped into the pulmo9ck) k/wh/qeqp/i4 lxqx+qu 68rn7v lnary artery?

  Which of the following carr; qp0n+ cdtyz+tdrv-.ies oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive p raew.4,)p hwar9 1sz.z; bz4fd-okcvroperties of water allow xylem vessels to transport wateba)zpok.d9 sr4 a,e;.wc1 zvzhfrw- 4r inside plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does szb;gs( z1. vfnx*6k dp0m 1mapucrose pass through during phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusion on blood pressure, stubd0g pmz3(h p7dj/6n)-lj 4ogk dh)jodents set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, represed p/jl0on-h7gjz4dg dp)mkhj( )63 bonting an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the cil (jr*qavfb41rculatory system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows t m hln/ ntklgll37:o90he structure of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron mik3j jmh av824l6 ufio6crograph of a cross-section of a stem of the monoc64 joli2 6vjuakm8 hf3ot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the huma3o jyithc(srj zm *0k 7hj/5w/n heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is a65q2ff8c fpc gn electron micrograph of the stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of wjn927igg id)uf ongin8 7g,q0ater in leaves have on other parts of a plagj2 7 ni9n7fidg n )8ug0ogq,int?

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and semilunar v*jf ba)gh5)xt alves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which tghb)* x5 t)ajfhe pressure in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being 9j(l d3ir gmr.passively loaded into the sieve tube unaided, before being transported around th miljgrdr39(. e plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem*a gh qhr702ry vessels in a developing shoot taken at 400× magnifica20ryhrhqg a*7 tion.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside xylem vessels to be lowe gh;zyr8qdl 89r than atmospheric 8yr 8 hl;dgz9qpressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil absorbed by gyc ;mnig7cxm q,g5.)js d2jf( m( :nzroots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associatedb29n ewp 73fbu with plaque buildup in the e9w2fub73 bpn coronary arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likeho3coo w) nh89 5k6k /xankii r2g/in9ly to have the highest lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which used dzrb3m 90 bop:radioactively labelled carbon dioxir3 pb 90b:zomdde (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stemkas 3gck/rfj5tf/:o . and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration and hydrostatic preszlef8il zh84(iel,:7 c-p byjsure within the sieve tubes near the leaves azl8 f84e:i,y 7hc bllej(zi p-nd roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressure in the left atrium, left xo, -r0:e 7gmzc4 r 8mzfgyki/ventricle and the aortf/kyr 0rz oge 48gxm-7z,:mica.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies features of sieve tube el;7/myma4xw1 y wf5 sgxements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet i 6/blfp cwnh fovcg+ia1.i84 ;nserted into a plant. Aphids have been used to ;+anpv.flhgf 8coic1bi4 w 6/ study transport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.