Which of the following does not cause coronary hz sej2x)kjn6fna7)tt2 z .ispf1u(0 y eart disease?

  Which component of blood is m4-czud6x ew5j 7). ;hbyhoty jainly composed of water and transports water-soluble substancy5 hd47cwuy6 j.;)tz jbexoh-es to different parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a feature ov3ezxu 6n c1j5xs)zt5f phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar transportf kd s;va0ol75 in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of blood in a vein2edswnm1 7u);vk 3 8 hd:nrajz?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of ftb6v.yusxaf * kv/55mlowering plant which is often used as a model for the study of seed anato/v5 u.m*ybt6 5kvsa xfmy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not corree/ l ag55/;njv 9yavmuct for the structure and function of differentlvy jn9u;v5emg/5 a/a blood vessels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse section pn0vt )z9to(n through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is invocy z l- a xowaz6mtnq)7.34wrnd4 ;4molved in controlling the frequency at which it b;.4)3l qa7nx6 ymz crntz w-owom44ad eats?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is usym/3.kf tocz+ed to measure water uptake in plants. tm3+ykco fz/.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s) is/are7u: uxnbp0 d,ev ;th *6mc.mwb true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood flov,rq p 9)9 jzhrtr/(d lf 8g38kgdov/fw into and out of the hear,gr / 9qjfr(/v drgf9o3v8dpk)lzh8 tt?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the human heart.b1-f gavo :m(p



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped into th+cc. 3 afm1e*og(f1 j( idqjmje pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood.gmelk0j2w54 l4poa z from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive propertieg/6 3xo0 ww h0s,v 2jekosy,ecs of water allow xylem vessels to transport water gvew x,32 o,hso ews c/y0k60jinside plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass thrd7u 2b,o i ;n:cwtkp,flj1 mn1ough during phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusion on blood pressurqth j uev;tr0kh3f, 0zh4i6q4e, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plasti 6thr3jv 0ht4e, h0zqk;uiqf4c tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatp-5( cr8drir nory system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the ke* rvk: 1ia,bop54zd structure of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron microgr +rbibqgp + qvi)7j(s-aph of a cross-section of a stem of the monbg7+( pr +v-q)siiqbj ocot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the human hearo s1*d- potpa.t.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem of the xl(psv4i k5xvs j2uu.+6uw;i h:a n2amonocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporati(wc2+ q9);tx mu fwd72znqab zon of water in leaves have on other parts of a plant2w ab q+tz;dnz)uxmwf9qc(27?

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and semilunar valves 3fu putuo.j;k1 -k2foat the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pres pko; -u1.ffokt23uj usure in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose b/.w 9 ypew3ncbeing passively loaded into the sieve tube unaided, before being transported around the plantn9c3 pwweby/ ..

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a dzg01ij zp6ry )md(fk.eveloping shoot taken at 400× magnk0 )(zfm6ryj gidz1.pification.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure st:o :ogt8vh cos1p5 )inside xylem vessels to be lower than atmospheric pressur 5gto )v1:ht:8op sscoe?

  How are most mineral ions iz:xb *1a ;.weou m7gjg7 zpjsbh :2/cvn the soil absorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consp 0qxs f2vqg.x9x1,kt equences associated with plaque buildup in the coronary xq9.v, g021 pxst kfqxarteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highest-aqv5 mypwb5r l lfji8p(8h.4 lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an exdc k/5u:8 e ajc1qw9cyperiment which used radioactively labelled carbon dioc cj:8ecuka9/dyq 15 wxide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem and the root of a plant. z45m* xwy,8ud e+guvyro4 w6u

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration and hydrostatem2g 5n6*dvof ic pressure within the sieve tubes near the leaves amv dgf n652e*ond roots?

  The image below represents th5xbhjdui h 4ud)8v9s+ e changes in pressure in the left atrium, left ventricle+8x4dh 5hbduu si j)9v and the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correc8;9n e.n rkc1whf q)dmtly identifies features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet insertyt; wlt(a :ls 4ub,2zued into a plant. Aphids have been used to study transport in l4ltbu wzt a(:2uy; s,plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.