Which of the followingg1sl b+ p9-c5b w6i0r7wkqih y does not cause coronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water and transports water-qd3sj-jhy 0q - )sk0qfsoluble substances to different parts of j0qsd 0sh-q)-fqy3k j the body?

  Which of the following is/are a feature of phloem;yyog tw:x.ft:u9xhi7h3 qs3,p * yolwbt ,x7?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar 5 5zhl ro4vlz:v 6r6aotransport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflo rzj6h esn/c+mnc( lbtam71i8vk 2)-ow of blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering planusbg h sls7bfs6,182 :z h.krvt which is often used as a model for the study of seed z. sf: skb h1h2b8usrlsvg67,anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table fw-gc5*d ;qe.qt g-n zbelow is not correct for the structure and function of diffgc.dn wfq5-t -;qgze*erent blood vessels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse section through a lmlx : rk:2k.nj3z6swfrr1f+ aeaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controll-89ujxvsclve wz:9m pt-4* ye5hq bw( ing the frequency at which it beay8wc5-evv x( j e49-hmzt*w9 :ubslqpts?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to fl)ra 9w8-4u j q7yxazmeasure water uptake in plal4a9 yu xw fz)a-7qj8rnts.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s) is/are 7l i7z,je- z5swfsswf9 4h2bitrue?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood flow into,2 b 7s-t 9init9qkfen and out of the heansiqif9 k,tb92-net7rt?

  The diagram below sh50 a gv2bqka.aows the structure of the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blo uh hxa .jk )pstv69zy),6ev6k z28zmzod pumped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries o 853aag.njh opxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vesselsf5.lmpck ra6n i-m pb;dw7,56qpqo i5 to transport water insidr kmcpq,f-5 57; ipd.qp65ml ob 6aiwne plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through durin 3.k;0cme2 hgri*cqcn g phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation intpz) bw3ow(n74l dxnc. o the effects of artery occlusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Studed) (3.zlnwxwn7ocp b4nts measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory system of a fisb f,v ,kr(xqbh,z (4,(hvzfccvvw-b ;h.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shogr(wbutrv7jsn: c 0s5mh6 ta 7h+8l(dws the structure of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograph of a cross-sectiq1,6tmwhg7 qo:ahr * xon of a stem of the monocot Zea7xght,q1qro hmw: 6a* mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the human heart. 9lvw vp t:dw-0


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron microgr8ths: t is5c13nzodb; z3-v ix 97fqtyaph of the stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves have on other parts of itq:n0k ui: p*cf-k, dpc8;zkyhow+/ a plant?p:k; ct0-ihz:q k w,okn/p if8cuyd* +

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and semilunar valv+ijj frflcx4 k;ld)mgf)k/ 9,qx .h3ves at the point in the cardiac cycle at w h,lifjdl+x gf3)4vkq r) .xmk9c;jf/hich the pressure in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucros-yl7ld zagth+ z )6z:ge being passively loaded into the sieve tube unaided, before being transported ar zlz-ga hl):6dzt7+gy ound the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a developing shoot taken at t .o-huv6fir6 400× 6irfv.-6hu tomagnification.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside xylem vessels to be lowv4( m 7e6vuw5wme. dwzm8g/xyer than atmosphe yw.mw/ m4(zve dwvxmu5678g eric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil a:umc (a,uh2twbt42 vh bsorbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associated with plaque 6dpx i.cs b61u81+3kx ivvblobuildup in the coronary arteries.v8pcxk bvi. 1 6il31x+dso6ub

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the hivr97t .bwin uv)vx w04e6lte2 ghest lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which usk xt z.km)3od2ed radioactively labelled carbon dioxi3m)d2.kokzx t de (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the: *t3u3j.s jh(gwu ohe phloem found in the stem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the soq/0 q)crt3kznlute concentration and hydrostatic pressure within tr)0q ctz/ nkq3he sieve tubes near the leaves and roots?

  The image below represents the chanwno52jwuoi e:6xq( 4o;rdr v :ges in pressure in the left atrium, left ventricle and the dre;5 o2x6iqn4o u:: j wwv(roaorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies features o ik(o egla:,22-8b rejuz a6wsf sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an ap7noka+ lsl: g3 z5dvmi;w9(ns hid with its stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids have been used to s73o9z ;+n ndklsmva:5(lgsw i tudy transport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.