Which of the following does not pys bkb;/6q62xslk .-dhu 5zbcause coronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainlut (c,a:t 7csfy composed of water and transports water-soluble s:ufatc(, cts7 ubstances to different parts of the body?

  Which of the following isojhc,z:l7ns1 /are a feature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar transport in phloem?fl1)zw9x+ bv6.w0 erbyuj 0qj6; 6bbr7 ddtuq

  What helps prevent the backflow of blood vidbs3:yw79n8 oldm( in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering plant s0,+ lw kcc1libbun:) which is often used as a model for the n)+wl :biubkls 10c, cstudy of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for the structure and function orz 5xg l 0((2:ynhfmctf difx5(0 nc(mlrh g:t2fzyferent blood vessels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse section *g2.(lgb wv;et4smvf through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling the frequency *mpl 2vbcdhccs /t+5y: b50uhat which it beats?55l: +* cdp s2 cvhmyhctbbu/0

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used td0qytxvyqe1:8h +q0mg ghp3 8y-eyg0o measure water uptake in plants. :qyxt- 00 mgqehqgyy81d8py3 0ev+hg

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s) is/are tr lh80+a nv+jy 8r ,ac,bpi2glkue?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood fl +227j+odmavf k/sjfcp:xmt yw0j 3v 2ow into and out of the hearta+som73 fk fd jywmpvj+:v/20xtc22j?

  The diagram below shows the structure of th 9nijj*iqh.s30jkik 6 e human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the kyp6sqbq5/;sa qs:a +heart is blood pumped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood from the lun::ekqbjgcw* x/-guq 9gs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessels to trag.8 yi)vg;z1+hcav0yi *;2leplyta/ r awid3nsport water inside;c0ai2ay 8gdwraltyh.3 1;i v ey/ i)+vpgl* z plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through during phd+ip)ao 6ihnp1;j jz)wb 4 at+loem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusion on blood pressur 4.6cs)ndfb b2 ci(ogxe, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pumno s6 2dgci4bfc x.b)(p was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory system of atoyd v2mhw*m9bo;z0v: caj+ : fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structux 4:)p1 lgfmcore of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below isv7nmy y a6,x7o4bcb7w an electron micrograph of a cross-section of a stem of the monocot Zea mays.mv 4ywx 77no,7 aybcb6

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of thqcv3d 7ii ksv-944xd ce human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem of the mo6, zdqjjc4 q uoonh*r(7 i00rsnocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves ha62:iq*oo h1 ace 9cyjq8scpf5v(e *svve on other parts of a playq ohsvveiqpfe*c :c *o 2jc(91s856ant?

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and sem 5 irghcbi)v;g0s1+mv ilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the left ventricle is the greates+vi1 vcm0;s 5b r)higgt?

  The diagram shows sucro +l*f qa jzb)lrv9m0,jse being passively loaded into the sieve tube unaided, before being transported arb9qjzf ,r *ma l)lj+0vound the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a dergbys w/a :ei949wnx4veloping shoot taken at 400× magnificatiog by9aerws44/9i :wxnn.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside xylem vesselo)0m ja5 c3rf*omg7;ujqy( mrs to be lower than at*ooa u( 5ycfgqjr3jr;m 07)mm mospheric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil absorbed by rouv8sm - duy8 e(ggh3nx.v1y6 jots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associated with plaque buildupz 4qv)0 gglx2g in the0qggz l2vxg 4) coronary arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likgr02 m38q etbr9a.4v7tb ckze ely to have the highest lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experimenuzypv ;zrd9/ 7t which used radioactively labelled carbon dioxi7u9vr/ dzz;pyde (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found ifasck71bu p+4n the stem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the soluteenm hf5o f-, -p3r.zay concentration and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes near the lmo5 - fhnez3.a-fry,peaves and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressure in the left atriump)g2jxxcc3rp,d b-2t , left ventriclecdb22t3,xp-c r)x pgj and the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies features of sieve tube elements? 1i8hj 1r8*u7 3 mabhxmfrg;o z

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted into a plant. Aphiotd 1s;lw9,w ffr r*g7ds have been used to study transport rw1wd;ts,gf79lo rf* in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.