Which of the following d.jh io7zas.)itr x +/moes not cause coronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water and transports g6 )ho7mwq zvj1 ujmtx 4x ukt)qt 0))hed3v))water-soluble substances to different p xqx)j ttq)dve))owh3)0 t6 m ) mzukv4jug17harts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a featurg5okag( j9en6 e of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correctu( pul ; t:jl 73 q-9*l5obxmqedbgck; for sugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of 942)gecbk v7znlf;napap 98rblood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering plant which is ofteng b-g ;xa8r/c,yz3rfv n0/u cw o;gk+o used as a model for /g0vgz+c;b;yg aw3nurx k,8f/coro -the study of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for tscf)1cq-r 3, e xbuor5he structure and function of different bl1ebrs,cfu3o q)x5- c rood vessels?

  The micrograph shows a tra(+hi g-. c9xem zotit+nsverse section through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling the frequency at whic8t 5k48;ibyqn r aocs(h it beats?( c8o5;4srk yi8 naqtb

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to measure wateqd0+/d trhnq: r uptake in plants. :q/dtqnhd + 0r

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following state0dozupk7f 8 -dment(s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood flow into and out of the h :4 u/y0i-3irchwgkby jxwu0- eart?/ix00i-w:- gyby4uh k3jw rcu

  The diagram below shows the structure of the human heart. 6 fes rqd f2:/0bf tv9mj1w7wb



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped8p tdt z0vmsriolfl: ;-;*x+u into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood from the lz-o53yfur l*b isw+:m ungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water allow xylem vessels to transporas gdm-*w3 nh2z gu 93sw)qbf:t water inside pm f:wdsg azws2*n33hubq-g) 9lants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through during phloem loadik zw.gj6oqnx /-j*)wjojp b-9 ng?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of art;3(ty,l lrw sdpamq (7ery occlusion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water p rma(plw3qy7( ,slt;d ump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below re- yhd h- 6w0ctri1/pwg4n5miapresents the circulatory system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the sv0gl:q1ro z v*tructure of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron mr7 ,htixe-tp 7icrograph of a cross-section of a stem of thp,trxei 7 7-the monocot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of thg(v*as6co4,symw7hdw, qb *ybh ;q +ve human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the s*t8chdciw)dqh 3l kx.6a4fi+tem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the):9l kv.n0rpp me0wcf bs7 oh( evaporation of water in leaves have on other parts of a pla0 )0bhpw 9c:.pm lokvn (e7rfsnt?

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and semilunar valves )mj *ef3ygry +w)xmd4at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure i4*+mmr e)wgy jxyfd)3n the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded into the sieve tube uo k tz/8enk9nuft45j tlt :kl.q6)5aq naided, befq 8lj lkf9k4a etnn.ttk5)5zu6t/o q:ore being transported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shlk1re uf6g90v ows the xylem vessels in a developing shoot taken at 400× magnification. e6 v1flr9 ugk0

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside xylem vessels zla1lwr*s59 hcot1f uezi;2 5to be lower than atmo z9h1r;u5sfazoctwi2 *le5 l1spheric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil absorbedw)i( wdet4t1raiqlrn:f9tuma)h3d k, b)2 c+ by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and/.j hmiz+cx/u yf8d -y consequences associated with plaque buildup in the c /uzx.y/+ dhjc-8 fimyoronary arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is* i:n8) cx:sq:uurih rxrbank; qz5 :* likely to have the highest lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an eusm ,uy*dux0fm1.ct 0 xperiment which used radioactively labelled carbon diomc u y,ux0t*d0f1 u.msxide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem and tz dhu.qq0qldt/a ; 42ehe root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration andjp vep4:gl;v)8yue k/ hydrostatic pressure within yu8 plv v4e:) ;kejp/gthe sieve tubes near the leaves and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressyx w/oidl:z8 :w9n i9 d)yr*f8sfo-i xure in the left atrium, left ventricle and the aorta.f o-:ws n8ry)i x8w:f /i*9dx zyo9ldi

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies7hc4 /nvt9f-iw kgf*xbe.4 qsx3 d,xs features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids hav8ddi8fme7zlgpf(n:eztt; 83 e been used to study ld(7gp 8fe 8;nie8:zdmttf3 ztransport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.