Which of the following does not cause coronaryeplhq)s 818l oh3dw-l heart disease?

  Which component of blood is ma6dsr3o/tvx sbo /zaqzt :i4)06t ;keuinly composed of water and transports water-soluble substances to different partsra/t :ot/6xq sbet6 si3vzk4zu)o;d 0 of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a feature rdvt-- odgf3, )3hh4mva0do b of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correa d55b dq.fuv-s gqu 4.fhw1j+ct for sugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow z 7u3h i*rn :-iace,jaof blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowerinu6p:zv0tf0 z hg plant which is often used as a model for the studt6vz0 :p 0fuzhy of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for the structure and functpe a.;o-xvtfjmqe:*p)h +p 3dion of different blood*e)fvt+a o d :xm- q3ep;hp.jp vessels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse se,2x;u9g tjkj action through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is invol)r 0(72 eln/s,am rvz.rt rqfbved in controlling the frequency at which it ber2r.0z/7m(aqltrnrv e,fsb ) ats?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to measur/dsds hvoix8 /c76kk 2e water uptake in plan/ c87v xids2ks6hok d/ts.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s) i*la/b sg ls*vs- c,dh+s/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following sz,q- 2a,ue k/zbn ;chiz;rx (hhows the direction of blood flow into and out of the hearz , r,bqai; ek/hx-czu2h;(nzt?

  The diagram below shows the structure of the humanodh3h t:fek,; heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pum 9;olaljl s+tob ca; t3k3lnn i8:qn/hy2,c,pped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood from the lung /gsn,1nc zsqutc/m*-s to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhe 05q8fxne3so vsive properties of water allow xylem vessels to transport water inside plantxs ef v35nq8o0s.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucr. u*whm :1-vqq:nwcf,mp5 jht ose pass through during phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusion on blood pr7ui7yviqeg42;qzr )uq37 h-s h3 jbp2,px qrxessure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into t7he2p3y7pxz- rbqx4ihq u2)qg is ,qv u7 j;3rhe plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory iso02c)kdef t: g6lch f 5.tk/system of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structura d/j -y+xhej/(0mgns 2w4pjwe of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph bel uukq 8 3o ,k,g8pmewm3da5qr4ow is an electron micrograph of a cross-section of a stem of the monocot Zea mayk 5m,uq4g8aru ,q 8 3dmo3kweps.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the struehd,05 vr 4wcfp), qkecture of the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an esny ayg7al k/8;ww/w .lectron micrograph of the stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves have on otheqoj3rfn 1+ j1gkb if wfvzgw) ,p,)n7-r parts of a plan,z)j+ff7wp iqb g 3ngj-r)1 nk1,ovwft?

  What is the position of the atriov; b0 ek e8mrrk,9tfg6hentricular and semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure in the left ventricle is the grea;6r,ekte08rfk g9b mhtest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded0qthda( e7h 9 pch.fx0 z(ua:v into the sieve tube unaided, before being :da( epvqhu0 fta 7h(09xchz.transported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a developing shoot tak-z1 fio6he-nza0w4cdl t2w u/79tomyen at 400× magnificatin90c6tom ozu2/-4 h -e7dlfw z wa1tyion.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside xylem vessels 6 jh56fs7fr 3dv 1uzjmto be lower than atm mj5r3 dz fvju6s671fhospheric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil absorbed by ro:gtg1+oxu1kz8 o6gjfots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences assos /ma8gs2k6n/q) v hqjciated with plaque buildup in the coronary arteries.2/k g8q6 shqvjns/ )am

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highest lignin content?nzn7uili.f98dd 5:vs

  The graph shows the results ogj 46vgi2hucw kr02q 2f an experiment which used radioactively labelled carbon dioxidu vgw h62 k24c2ig0rqje (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem and the l+n z;3v 4trjn ln:r,w5nju)4h /kmxxroot of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentraz* 2pnu; 7ahb9z8 h ry d)r;ayqv(7cbke/m5xotion and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes near the leve/n29a87mp hy 7xr( zhoubd5ra;*k ybzqc) ;aves and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in pressure in the left atrium, le3lhys /fd+6zcef 0 uk8ft ventricle and tef +c8zfyh/klsd u3 06he aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies features zem+* r( r9fdxof sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with sm65 cl v75tw,md xod*;vvi9ix g/a*c its stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids have been used to study transportixoi5* avv*;d/mglv m,ts 7wc9dcx 6 5 in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.