Which of the following does not cause coronary heart disease?.br6nq1nlegyb b la;gxl9r*xa855 +7rh qkj 2

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water n ,p.(ki. wqpkand transports water-soluble substances to differpnkwk .(.q,ip ent parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a feature of phloem-bd 2gpg gnwe-y*)q,m ?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct +p +on ;cks+nvfor sugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of blood in a vein8 ccq1zmwjn -.m qf7r2e.:wc g?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering plant which 0zo6hjag; to-q1 tff+ is often used as a modez aj ;ofqof1tg06+th- l for the study of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not 5 rlw 7 xo)gobipv:l 3d.uw*0bb*(ssvd t)f(zcorrect for the structure and function of different blood 7: s pi .3wor*sxv0*dtovg )bl)((l ubw 5bzfdvessels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse section thrtdc2f fzdwfeoyzd(7 lx 71(6;ough a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart j hfruruk 3)ql* c89k,is involved in controlling the frequency at which it beats *9c8 )rk,h3ujqrf kul?

  The diagram below shows a0 fcobtq3e( 0rtz4 *dv potometer which is used to measure water uptake in plants.ter z*vbto030q f(4d c

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s) is/are t1 su-,tq pl*rsyb cb0(rue?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood flow into and out of thgsg1;vxxg y /6 s(y3uqe heart?(6qgggs vu x y3;x/y1s

  The diagram below shows the structure xy;ex).2k1iyz t3*ymza : qnp *juwmie; e+z+ of the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the ob,v vwk:xvgsytk)3 )6e.nq q4 8 t1zxvchb.3heart is blood pumped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated y7nwg7g8htw+ blood from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properti0 ir3zdcdl h9x.j c(a:es of water allow xylem vessels to transport wat 3d:d(rjalh.czx90i cer inside plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through during phloemy rbf4 cpz()ju6p i6h* loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusion on blood pre (,mt5 uzavt)ussure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled inat,)t um(5vuz to the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory sy4qs0 oaoenc4ap6 4:+dyyciw+ stem of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shodgizv0kq4e f4 ev3p).4b pe k-ws the structure of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph belo3 zol (h5e-nnep 7a; tswnmdl;m 8y l/3l58vpfw is an electron micrograph of a cross-section of a stem of the monocot Ze37(z 3v 58;fe 8;pnm-5h lowll lpe/snd ynmtaa mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the str vy+q* vxod 8-/vv4cpructure of the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an ele2s ;/( alnslcrctron micrograph of the stem of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves have on other parts of a ppyc 7z3;45cwblj mb5oybr - 7rf ho0u8lant-3j7 7y504wucy5cb lbzpr8 o ro;mfhb?

  What is the position onp uon*+6 p0eeloo34 rcd+ gu+f the atrioventricular and semilunar valves at the point in the o ced4o+n6u0pl++ r3noup*egcardiac cycle at which the pressure in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded into the sieve tube unaided, be;q)s xo65qhdmss)qv /fore being transported arous q)mxvs) sd 56qo/;qhnd the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shoy g/7ci7 5qprz0w tch;ws the xylem vessels in a developing shoot taken at 400×hri5;qc cw pyz/0t7g7 magnification.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside xylem vess+p (w mle,i:xziywxb8 l/1l 3hels to be lower than atmos:xlz,3l8ypwm/i b l1xw(+eih pheric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil absorbed by root on,wr axcnc( +9(w.ggs?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequenc*3dsoll j+y lvk (2/pves associated with plaque buildup in the coronary arteriejy*vd kp2 lo/ 3s(+lvls.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highest lignin con0 rh u4aq3pz :xmryo/x*c71 wstent?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which usaf-wdky 3:j 7ked radioactively labelled carbon diok :3a 7dyfk-wjxide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloea184+dm7 2o4ua 5curc bmwu.auw+ zszm found in the stem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represenj1z79jl*-bjs esul ae.qrk,1 ts the solute concentration and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes near the leaves and roots?je,s k7-ujj*1qbza91l rels.

  The image below represents thty xi1;v 3rj,ee changes in pressure in the left atrium, left ventricle and thex , i1vetr;3jy aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies featug rkiw+/4 eem7res of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted into a plant. Aphidsus,yp) eaicm+8 .t8mh have been used to stumm . y+esap8h8,)uictdy transport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.