Which of the following does not cause8g9cz 8lmk 8fdch16sl coronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly comk:r7m rb;h+ abl q/y (i-gdcp*posed of water and transports water-soluble substances to different parts o;cdb /i qlrp h+:y-arkmg7 *b(f the body?

  Which of the following i4)avo m6mp l:*ty b*qhs/are a feature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar transport in pxcpr c b8,ytfljr,731hloem?

  What helps prevent the bacv gmj1o7-)ecl :p f7w(g3p zwckflow of blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering plant which is6fa u vr* .;hz*e2d qj;je3pfo often used as a model for the study of ser*;zhj q2 .3j pefvfd6;u*ao eed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below isy 19zftz qj v;y-r2o5a not correct for the structure and function of different blood vesrt9 5fa-zov2yzjq1 y;sels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse section through a lew b q7hf-5bu wlr,04gpdgk3 /waf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling cr45:(c3 n40opu qcy wawy6vsthe frequency at which it beats6u4y spccv oqn3:( 0r4ac wwy5?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to measure umh u4lpl+(,oip73 zq water uptake in pla7lh4mi (3 op,+uqpzl unts.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s) is/are trueey ef/v ;2y f/07hhahl?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows 3n 9hhl9s4l vtthe direction of blood flow into and out of the hear9lv9 4l thsnh3t?

  The diagram below shows thes+ed y -cdbk;b/ lm i-qip5*a7 structure of the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is q.m, ixa m*-5q+e 9xhqzeg d+zxqm: s+blood pumped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carr + 2vpqugtp8v6ies oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive pkf tu.x2;a.2(x c6vok)k scw uroperties of water allow xylem vessels to transport water inside planuv6fw a.;cuo2.( ckxstkk2 x)ts.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose passwsk5 mpe9)zs1 ogk2n6 through during phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusu+ wflks 2ny6+ion on blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, pwuk6l s+ny+ 2flastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory system of a fi 9kiuwk-iqb(;sh.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structure ob l o c1l;ajcweamfh-z00s6+( f a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron microl8t;g6 tg q+yograph of a cross-section of a stem of the monocot Zea mays 8;goqt6tylg +.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structure of tz f6ajy b-f6ojuw8 uw a;nj4raxd(5 6,he human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem of the monocot )+:f;;ilg 3th)ixvsk uupr y:Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves have on other parts of a 7+i ahn76((-wte aykk8mwaw7vvuqe 8 pla(8+n-7 h7u86 ( yvwawwtv7kmeikaaqent?

  What is the position of the atrioventr0ou3vm7e. h x4ql9x diicular and semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which the pressure ixh4u xivq.70d em9l o3n the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded intib;2.b xa l,kqds2 ej yu8hv6.o the sieve tube unaided, before beh2.6k, bed.sy2uv l xbiaq8;jing transported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a developing shoot taken ao8- tsa/ 3 :ytmfbxem3t 400× magnificatftms:xt8 3e3oba- my/ion.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes thxlo4oh)8y2l2v fh)piy; rcg 2pr)8 ry e pressure inside xylem vessels to be lower than atmospheric pres o)8vy22 yxr4 )rpolhgpr2ilcf)8hy;sure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil absorbo,k2,pmijb -4l kl)fu jrl9h; ed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associated with plaque buildup in.)cu tcq6 ,tmn the coronary ar)tuc .c,mq 6ntteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the hi qfoz:vwob0enl1* )fx7nxn, 0 ghest lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an exrpy5tmje.mob .h(lk1(r :gn /g,8aab. uy/ ppperiment which used radioactively labelled carbon dioxide (11p . .y,k tm.u5jpnly a(mh/: bar e/8po(bgrg4$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contramkx9:11v yz xnst the phloem found in the stem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration and hydrostatic pressure w2xym qrn ,h4w/ithin the sievenh yq m2r,4w/x tubes near the leaves and roots?

  The image below represents the chgj* ,yvdyh7 5ianges in pressure in the left atrium, left ventricle and y5*, hjiv7gdythe aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifies featurese;f/uf 1.bkibznm 75t of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphiah rdq5v3j5sp:pv l)qm- ;1icd with its stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids have been used to study trvq-p;jm1hv:5qrd l3s ac p)i5 ansport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.