Which of the following does not cause coronary hea8(3o,4o+isq4l 54wr suilrv yl ilj:trt disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water and2 v;hcuj3 *z (urppo6s transports water-soluble substances to zu( ruo;36p2chpj v s*different parts of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a feature of ph*;;bhoqf a.z(ql8-z;fbqj pd r ;/t qsloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar tranvuo,3dl:k (i,ttfpy ,:+uh,dt( xjmwsport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the back : h3pa62usiligpid57a7 vc6fflow of blood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering plant which is often-yvzzqr1y(mhh;(ll * used as a model for the study of seedhlvr-z(y (q zhm y1*;l anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for the struc8zgj sw k8+5ewture and function of different blood 8wkw 5e8gz+sj vessels?

  The micrograph shows a tr)hj,d s r:dd7zansverse section through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling the *1f,c z7ukucnh5uu/:gnvpca : bqt8vb-z1 , sfrequency at which it be1fu, -bun:sqp/ kz8tb7a g5c h1zu,*cu :v cnvats?

  The diagram below shows a potometer wxamz86 wtz49 jp cz,9fhich is used to measure water uptake in plantczpf 6,a9zt89jzw 4xms.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following stathmhzn4 k-352l;b xf tyement(s) is/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the direction of blood flow into and out of thetw62-zqu iq3m mlq.orghg(6 0 heartz 3o 6g20q6q(qiuhwm-gr .lm t?

  The diagram below shows the structure of oea2 u 0hh;(uithe human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped into the pulmony//a 3heeqbax( /qwq 2ary artery?

  Which of the following carries o9 fg ru0i4itf. jyn;y+xygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesive properties of water qp;m,e/(obd d allow xylem vessels to transport water /o dbq,em;( pdinside plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through during phloem mba3s p ib.rv:z1y;8.5 p bpwiloading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into gr0l0itf:wbc,az +i+k0ejt6 the effects of artery occlusion on blood pressure, students set up a simpzwaet, lr k :b0f0 gi+6tcj0+ile experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory sy+f zgfxj((e;h stem of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the strk3mrz ;9p6mwvl xp ;i9ucture of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograp/(ryyhl1dzyb (3c45zs7me 02o njle yh of a cross-section of a stem l3(hj1(d zby cmey5/n y4y so 02erlz7of the monocot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the str g4av8rz3,x6zhx.l lfucture of the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem of the monocot Zea Me to24/hj yn+yays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in , ey6 ,gpwh,mhjk9m /aleaves have on other parts of a pla, /pghhy6k emaj,,wm9nt?

  What is the position of the atri 3gjpc iry ;4ovak27e6oventricular and semilunar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at whi4yig eopc37 ; jav26rkch the pressure in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded iys(myki0l630hrtz z,s+p yx5 nto the sieve tube unaided, before being transp0+z36yy,zh 5yk(s lpim 0srtxorted around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a developing shoot72(1h6nbgevl ks7d lfoj4q d6 taken at 400× maf4k 7j27 (g el61ndlodhsqbv6gnification.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes t7ebmr c;; j(ushe pressure inside xylem vessels to be lower than atmospheric p7(u;smej bc r;ressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil absorbed by roots?f+rfln yhm/v6t4 :shki -;cx 5x/j4sw

1.Outline the risk factors a:v cwth:+a u/,jlc2ndnd consequences associated with plaque buildup in the coronary ar:w,:c dtu/a lh+j 2cvnteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the followi ,;n5gymjfj 9jng is likely to have the highest lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which used radioact8ia0fw)wti- i g66x 9dwo qr7pains..ively labelled carb6)dw nf g9a6aowtri i p.i08xi-7qsw.on dioxide (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem 6z wqm6kx3xn, and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solutvaxk+kxb 9 cg;0 ox-t)e concentration and hydrostatic pressure withvcxx-+ 0x9 bk; gkaot)in the sieve tubes near the leaves and roots?

  The image below represents the changes in presvccw+s 082mbwvr+u: osure in the left atrium, left ventricle and the w uo+wrbs8vc: m v2+c0aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly identifiesw(w.jfus9 m9,l n:g lg features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with.ovctv30q z-c d7a8ma rdr, t6 its stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids have been used to study transportzrc,ar30v 8ot6 d.vm- acd7qt in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.