Which of the followinec3fd1n yccq); /6ygo s. mp6qg does not cause coronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed of water and transports wa9p4c c25zw v8a2v clqbter-soluble substances to cwv8542vcc 9blzqpa 2 different parts of the body?

  Which of the following i j;:d* iimkslm,w )ep2s/are a feature of phloem?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the table is correct for sugar mumn,j p)/,c gxcen4k6k hq76 transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of blrod (hv-2m efl s 0j 0y63zr24ievlga6ood in a vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, ;aj;h- 2jevf8mwkd +3b ujlg k/wtc++is a species of flowering plant which is often used as a m+akwmbh;;dfvt3j+cjk+ 2j e8/-wl ugodel for the study of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table bel*eda7y9*bdk g;o6gpsow is not correct for the structure and function of diff**g7 k9aog 6ypd dsbe;erent blood vessels?

  The micrograph shows p2 jrj;(t 1sttr ul vt*y2-g)ka transverse section through a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling the frequency at whic d3(4,q mojx,eo +nwjurw7d (mh it bw+duoq ojmm(jn, 4xw(,7r 3de eats?

  The diagram below shows a potometer which is used to measure wato xknz is62.a(er uptake in plan xa.2 o(snkiz6ts.

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s) incrx(j5h2psno 4dw2i 63op6quy,qr8s/are true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the ssvc/6dx;3 tkywa 6k7direction of blood flow into and out of the heart?ts /37kcwy6; vx6sk ad

  The diagram below shows the structt-g8z(9p/jt m8 n n 4pja;qjzjure of the human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the 3 on;l)fu -v6lsp 2ado 2xyo6zheart is blood pumped into the pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart:vm )qdzqc8 3k?

  The cohesive and adhesive prop91f6klocur i*yo y f1+erties of water allow xylem vessels to transport water inside p1offckr1+ oy iy *ul96lants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures doesbwb-/vtyu(z76 nu( oo sucrose pass through during phloem loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of artery occlusion ooki9(wkso 4 c5k01lm6gzd np 8n blood pressure, students set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single(1c wdp5mk0zonokg s698 4lik hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory systecsd :qdf z 9im)07q :b/jff7uvrm93y hm of a fish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structure of a hea82lav i ls2wa01f0 locrt.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograph of a cross-sec..ws-/ie jxkhl;x em+l79lb *-hlysution of a stem of themle eyl +7h - lsk.xl.w*h9/ij ;bsx-u monocot Zea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shows the structo*zp6x(u0lm3 xjgwjk(nphx 5n *:sv .ure of the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the st4aqn q*f*ahu 4em of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation of water in leaves have on other parts(fdx*1nam- xc of a pla1(dcxf m*-ax nnt?

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and semilunvfni d2iu*by w 8z60o(ar valves at the point in the cardiac cycle at which thiv2*b8n uz(wdfy io 60e pressure in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded intooo,7/(7u6w doop :zabyrj)d s the sieve tube unaided, before being)ab7o zsyr7/( d,puojo o6d:w transported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a developing sd0z7m0 6qbu ldua4cv x4yh1.lhoot taken at 400× magnification. ud 4zl4baldv uq1 60h7xcm0.y

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes the pressure inside xyle vq298*s8ck zyygk( f3znadsx4/jnkt h969jum vessels to be lower than atmos2n9s q x(fg hjz9kyuc/nv864k8*z9d tk3sayj pheric pressure?

  How are most mineral ions in the soil absor4 u t(vhqbkb(*w5vc ym++4tuwbed by roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences asw gmbr)/ x:n7nw/u lw3sociated with plaque buildup in the cug/ m)7wx:bl3n nrw/woronary arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the followingmtt 0.u;)1pp7 bhcll h is likely to have the highest lignin content?

  The graph shows the results of an experiment which used radio h;2em-g(fhib actively labelled carbon dioxidefhi;-hbg (2em (14$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in the stem *q5lcmsx 3wbda9o; k0u/ysk3and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute concentration and hydrostatics8g0qi1u zmd.gs-e 0e pressure within the sieve t0sg-m0.qdugs1e 8e i zubes near the leaves and roots?

  The image below repr o/ d:26g:ts p52/zbo sjmfuy2cfm57cgwlg9 gesents the changes in pressure in the left atrium, left ventricle and the 5f :z c6g25o c/dt9 g7 m2:lgg/fpwmussoyj 2baorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly idenub46edz4o.vla3f2ce tifies features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an a38 nqso;vxkg(9mnl0y phid with its stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids have been used to study o 9g83m k;sqyxn0v(nltransport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.