Which of the following doeh8z q9 3mz1cf+eyll+js not cause coronary heart disease?

  Which component of blood is mainly composed oft e -/zqg84a6o3 vel tucd-n+a water and transports water-soluble substances to different parts zeat3 vte -l-6un8/qado g +c4of the body?

  Which of the following is/are a feature of phloem)dbiv 02dm2ld4e mj8l?
I. Sieve plates
II. Plasmodesmata
III. High lignin content

  Which row in the tabs cn*:3le eg.srlec.v1/ue3kfi m-e7/ l v0kule is correct for sugar transport in phloem?

  What helps prevent the backflow of blood in a 0 nms;6u,ie4 ,wxvxig vein?

  Zea mays, pictured below, is a species of flowering plant which is often used asi y qnk/d+w/.i ysv:m* a modely/qm+knvs:w* d/ ii. y for the study of seed anatomy.


A cross-section of the stem was taken from a specimen, and it was stained and viewed using a light microscope at 100x magnification. The resulting image is shown below.

1.Using the image of the stem cross-section above, draw a simple labelled diagram demonstrating the orientation and structure of a vascular bundle within the stem of a plant.

2.State the name of the structure responsible for transporting organic compounds in plants.   transports organic molecules in plants

  Which row in the table below is not correct for the structure and function of i99jar )huut)r ,f5ns different blosrafrnu9, )t95uj)h i od vessels?

  The micrograph shows a transverse section throu ;b9l xd5pzsc7gh a leaf.


1.1.Identify an adaptation of this leaf for its function.

1.2.Identify the cell organelle that is found in particularly high numbers in the palisade mesophyll cells.
The organelle in greater abundance in the palisade mesophyll cells is the   

This micrograph shows a transverse section through a pancreatic acinar cell. Acinar cells are found in the exocrine tissue of the pancreas.


2.1.Explain how the structure of this cell is related to the function of the synthesis of proteins for release from the cell.

2.2.State why an electron microscope is needed to view the ultrastructure of the acinar cells.

  Which region of the heart is involved in controlling the frequency at wh f3,qbb9eo4mtich it beats?ob f ,mbteq349

  The diagram below shows a potometer which8a8ew wpghj0 3 is used to measure water uptake in plants. 38wg8j 0ahpew

A plant cutting was placed in the potometer as shown above. What changes would be observed after a few hours?

  Which of the following statement(s) is/ar)ov ,n7fk30joued m6t6s fxu (e true?
I. Cardiac muscle can contract on its own even if not stimulated by a nerve.
II. The left atrium of the heart has the thickest walls.
III. The valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood and aid circulation.

  Which of the following shows the d28 kveus 0gh)eirection of blood flow into and out of the hear he0ve)2su 8kgt?

  The diagram below shows the structure of thev oepj5n6 np:w;:m*d v human heart.



Based on the diagram, which labels identify the aorta and the left ventricle?

  From which chamber of the heart is blood pumped into the a s;z-k77vezo tjb5*m pulmonary artery?

  Which of the following carries oxygenated blonopt /.881lg2eeu mzfod from the lungs to the heart?

  The cohesive and adhesit)o 4-xhl nre3ve properties of water allow xylem vessels to transport wat3e)tho4 l rx-ner inside plants.
Which of the following are correct descriptions of how these properties are related to water transport in plants?

  Which structures does sucrose pass through during phloem hqoq9*6t ,asr loading?
I. Plasmodesmata
II. Proton pumps
III. Co-transporter proteins

  In an investigation into the effects of b/ed.f*on1 8 zzt mwmzc: ae2k++ljt-artery occlusion on blood pressure, stud- ak +bzet:* fznc+mld z/8ejw1mt2o.ents set up a simple experiment. A rigid, hard, plastic tube, representing an artery, was fixed to an electric water pump, and the end was sealed with a rubber stopper. A single hole was drilled into the plastic tube and the electric pump was turned on. Students measured the distance the water stream travelled.


In subsequent trials, students added increasing numbers of equally sized and shaped clay-like masses to the inside of the plastic tube and the distance the water stream travelled was measured again.


Results are shown below.

1.1.Identify the independent variable in this experiment.

1.2.State two control variables, not mentioned in the question, that must be kept constant in order to achieve valid results.

2.1.Outline the relationship between the number of clay-like masses and the distance travelled by the water stream.

2.2.Explain how the results of this experiment can be used to understand artery occlusion.

3.Based on the results, predict the distance travelled by the water stream if there were no clay-like masses present.
Distance travelled by water for 0 clay masses=  cm
4.1.Using your knowledge of coronary heart disease, suggest a reason for the anomalous result seen when 5 clay-like masses were present.

4.2.State a risk factor associated with coronary heart disease.

5.Identify a limitation of using the plastic tube to represent an artery in this experiment.

The diagram below represents the circulatory system of a fuia x 8ukps18g4 emw n62xqs*2ish.


1.Distinguish between a double circulatory system and a single circulatory system.

2.Describe the advantages of a double circulatory system in humans.

The diagram below shows the structure - el7jr2km41( gwmhajkw oi3;of a heart.

1.With the use of labels, identify the following in the diagram above.
right atrium
left ventricle
atrioventricular valves
semilunar valves

2.1.Identify the location of the sinoatrial node.

2.2.Describe the function of the sinoatrial node.

2..Describe how the heart responds to messages from the brain.

  The microphotograph below is an electron micrograph of a cross-section of a stee77 tflf hd8(mm of the monocot 8 7m(dtef7hflZea mays.

Which letter identifies phloem?

  The diagram below shor)* ppcvy6pp f+j)t4pybr:+sws the structure of the human heart.


Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?

I. When the walls of the atria contract, blood flows from the atria to the ventricles because the atrioventricular valves are open
II. When the walls of the ventricles contract, the increase in pressure causes the atrioventricular valves to close which prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria.
III. When the ventricles stop contracting, the pressure falls and the semilunar valves close preventing backflow from the arteries to the ventricles.

  The image below is an electron micrograph of the stem.+ tfh4ht 1 ahljt-yb, of the monocot Zea Mays.

What function is performed by the structure labelled X?

  What effect does the evaporation o0 w*voree9(+ dul(eh of water in leaves have on other parts of a plantoew0 o9ele du*vr+((h ?

  What is the position of the atrioventricular and semilunar valves at the rkk. nvg7(y9s 0htp,b point in the cardiac cycle at which the prp ,kgbvry(s .7th90nkessure in the left ventricle is the greatest?

  The diagram shows sucrose being passively loaded into the0+g (wnw f k2*ewm3oyfiqm. 3l sieve tube unaided, before beinglq+2 0n*iw mwfm3( k 3fgw.eyo transported around the plant.

Which structure is labelled X?

The micrograph below shows the xylem vessels in a developf, k.nc6ubgv *t5q qm-ing shoot taken at 400× magnk6ub*cf q vmt.- g,5nqification.

1.Draw and label the structure of a primary xylem vessel in a developing shoot using the micrograph above.

2.Describe the features of xylem vessels which enable them to withstand changes in pressure.

3.Explain why the active uptake of mineral ions in roots leads to the absorption of water.

  What is the main factor that causes tht93ylo sl.cb d)b(hycoyb2qopw .:.u1v *h v /e pressure inside xylem vessels to be lower than atmospheric pressure?lyvtuc)/hho(so qy3y. op2b 9v*wcb l.1d b:.

  How are most mineral ions in the soil absorbed b i;dti (ek8ui2y roots?

1.Outline the risk factors and consequences associated with plaquy8*jfaqn5 )2qn7x5eiqc(tt a p8d;ehcw- a:ke buildup in the w) q-5* nf 5i8c(padx2 cejyq7 hka ta:nqt;e8coronary arteries.

2.Outline how the pressure changes in the left atrium and left ventricle affect the surrounding valves and blood flow.

3.Explain how the structural features of the arteries, veins and capillaries are adapted to support their functions.

  Which of the following is likely to have the highest lignin cont smr+28cmcwg 5ac 0k-xent?

  The graph shows the results ofs e: 7xwihy9r2 gsuq2er,:.kg an experiment which used radioactively labelled carbon dioxide (1wr2i:g xegyssu 9e2r,h 7q:k .4$CO_2$ ) to investigate the time taken for sap to travel to different colonies of aphids present on a plant.

Which conclusion could be supported by these results?

1.Compare and contrast the phloem found in thac4xykyjs )-/ h 4.5cm1qmi tye stem and the root of a plant.

2.Outline the mechanisms by which sucrose is loaded into sieve tubes.

3.Explain the changes in hydrostatic pressure within the phloem that facilitate the transport of phloem sap from sources to sinks.

  Which row best represents the solute con1.6(ftfxjl1*x vnppt- 1a dk qcentration and hydrostatic pressure within the sieve tubes near thpqdt- 1kffvx j(6xtaln1 p.* 1e leaves and roots?

  The image below repres 0r 29cno 7k1xlgp0owou *otuw5()cs uents the changes in pressure in the left atrium, left ventric *0o u972ogp1 sn uwoo (luc0xt5ckrw)le and the aorta.

At point II in the diagram, which of the following is likely to take place?

  Which row in the table correctly iden(x8 lqwrnki: x3xdv;s; q.-k ktifies features of sieve tube elements?

  This image shows an aphid with its stylet inserted into a plant. Aphids have dvihr-.6;auge9hq 5 q beenuhdgi 6qqv.9reah- 5; used to study transport in plants.

1.Name the tissue that aphids insert their stylets into.
This tissue is   .
2.Outline how scientists use aphids to study the substance transported in this tissue.

3.Explain the differences in the contents and rate of flow of phloem sap at sources and sinks.