Which part of the synovial joint enalkq+i*z0d4 v (. vvqvvelops the synovial fluid?

  The diagram below represents a sarcomere. Which structures arei l8rx;w-t qy+ labeled I and II y w8 ixlq;tr-+?

  The diagram below shows a synovial j3u(o)wo 9z(*2jcd8pmcrbq: c+ wynypoint.

1.Identify structures labelled I and II.
I :   ;II:  .
2.Describe the role of each of the structures identified in (a).

  Which of these statements are true for synovi 63wq vwvn,1gd03e vrtal joints?
I. The joint capsule produces synovial fluid
II. Synovial joints can move in one direction (plane)
III. Ligaments connect one bone to another

  Which type of ion binds to filaments in the sarcomere to initiate the processah akbp7(wq .7cgc 6n5of;l:u of muscle hn(5:6cq7 w7 ;aablfgp ocu k.contraction?

  Which feature allows insects, such as crickets (Gryllus *h6kq*i7ez ):nwk0h+ ccb grf bimaculatus), to jump very hiz:+hw*bnge60h kr)fc ik 7cq*gh?

  The diagram shows a Zebra (Equus quagga).3q u1f*3 qf-yc dtcwq, Which is not a reason for it to move?

  Which of the following brings about movement of the skeletst4 *2woe z-r* xp(p6 /ymjjijon?

  The photo shows an Au iz5k8;u1iucuh;/0s kpa yxk .stralian shelduck (Tadorna tadornoides).
Which is not a feature that is adapted to aid in locomotion?

The image shows an African daisy (Osebdi*8ud3j:cmzu:4 t teospermum acanthospermum), a sessile organism and a Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti), a 8 * emc4tuu:zj ddbi3:motile organism.


1.State one way that a daisy moves.

2.State two life processes other than movement that the two organisms have in common.

3.Explain three adaptations that the penguin has for efficient movement in water and on land.

4.In order to reproduce, the penguin may have to travel to find a mate.

4.1.Outline one advantage of travelling to find a mate.

4.2.Outline one disadvantage of travelling to find a mate.

5.State two reasons other than reproduction that the penguin may need to travel.

  The diagram below repr*825xt2nt 9o zs fvcohesents two sarcomeres. Which structure shortens during muscltnxvoht29 c28s*f o5ze contraction?

  Which animal forelimb is adaliu4e z56rwc;zl j s25pted for swimming?

  Which of the following statemwgocb).4 1eb ments relates to myofibrils?

1.Outline how antagonistic muscles move joi/kij ty/ai ,pzc)v) 8dnts, giving an example.

2.Describe how skeletal muscle fibres are adapted for their function.

  Which statement(s) are trud wp7)az-l badk 4t50ie for ATP hydrolysis during muscle contraction?
I. ATP is hydrolysed by the sarcoplasmic reticulum
II. ATP hydrolysis causes myosin heads to move into the ready position
III. ATP hydrolysis causes the cross-bridges to break

1.Distinguish between a my ;5b 7r)d/ vx,(vwnyheq lbh7iofibril, the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the sarcolemma.(/; wb7n bv5yhrvi l he)q7xd,

2.Outline the proteins involved in muscle contraction.

3.Describe the process of muscle contraction.

  Which row shows the correct sequence of events in mi b4 4v*oqych1u+ ot;ouscle contraction?

1.Distinguish between a myofibril, the sarcoplasmic reti 4;lj d2/0zuac )vwxlnculum and the sarcolemma lz c2;w aju0n4d)xlv/.

2.Outline the different proteins and their position in the sarcomere when the muscle is relaxed.

3.Describe the process of muscle contraction.