Which part of the synovial joint envelops the synx7q,* gaa piks ymkcd*j3u :3.ovial fluid?

  The diagram below represents a sarcomere. Which pcy9z5td r wbny 5),m1structures are labeled I and II 5p,5 bcr mnty9dyzw 1)?

  The diagram below shows a synovi/9 :)1jrpkgxcf k4:+0. emzezitui b lal joint.

1.Identify structures labelled I and II.
I :   ;II:  .
2.Describe the role of each of the structures identified in (a).

  Which of these statements are true f -w6h wp-d/ebkor synovial joints?
I. The joint capsule produces synovial fluid
II. Synovial joints can move in one direction (plane)
III. Ligaments connect one bone to another

  Which type of ion binds to filaments in the sarcomere to initiate theqz xu /fk:thdlu5v) i(ur d:k9;p 3a0q process of musul:(0p kqiu3u xk ddvh9 t/z5ar;f )q:cle contraction?

  Which feature allows insects, such as crickets (Gryllusll*l-ete/h cyb)zo lu2wm , 4k89- dtp bimaculatus), to jump very high? e)c84m kt*wloh9-llt bue, pzl2d- y/

  The diagram shows a Zebra (Equus quagga). Which is not a reason forg53gbt*jdr v2w6sb) ts ui65r it to move?

  Which of the following brings about movement of tp 7a2zwk+fws:he skeleton?

  The photo shows an Australian shelduck (Tadorazn 547y s,ioo2t9 vs8.jxhpina tadornoides).
Which is not a feature that is adapted to aid in locomotion?

The image shows an African daisy (Osteospermum acanthospermum)978u he ow/w94hisuk xh e,deyh2w7 0n, a sessile organism and a Humboldt penguin (Sphenies/w79 h2 8kn7ewhxw0yie9h4, h d uouscus humboldti), a motile organism.


1.State one way that a daisy moves.

2.State two life processes other than movement that the two organisms have in common.

3.Explain three adaptations that the penguin has for efficient movement in water and on land.

4.In order to reproduce, the penguin may have to travel to find a mate.

4.1.Outline one advantage of travelling to find a mate.

4.2.Outline one disadvantage of travelling to find a mate.

5.State two reasons other than reproduction that the penguin may need to travel.

  The diagram below represents two/ il3jbjur,ea z.a0 j8 sarcomeres. Which structure shortens during muscle contracj.jz,/ abi 3a8lj0 erution?

  Which animal forelimb is adapted for s bn 55oou6qsp+ ;0bwopwimming?

  Which of the following statementshj jak98zdooq7 e;y ln3*rg5/ relates to myofibrils?

1.Outline how antagonistic muscles move ja11etpf j 06:.hn esm0xw g7gzoints, giving an example.

2.Describe how skeletal muscle fibres are adapted for their function.

  Which statement(s) are true for ATP hydrolysis dur,faa )gyvx v/4ing muscle contraction?
I. ATP is hydrolysed by the sarcoplasmic reticulum
II. ATP hydrolysis causes myosin heads to move into the ready position
III. ATP hydrolysis causes the cross-bridges to break

1.Distinguish between a myofibril, the sarcoplasmic reticulum d / s(146xpvzsgiw+v rb)rw2slm(q (yand the sarcolemma.z qvsmr )lr4p wwg 1 /ib((+2dsv6xsy(

2.Outline the proteins involved in muscle contraction.

3.Describe the process of muscle contraction.

  Which row shows the co4 cq61f qvi6kwav.+rmrrect sequence of events in muscle contraction?

1.Distinguish between a myofibril, tb ys s7+.rpihbs e+f*)he sarcoplasmic reticulum and the sarcolemmabss*b7f.+hsyp+e ri).

2.Outline the different proteins and their position in the sarcomere when the muscle is relaxed.

3.Describe the process of muscle contraction.