Which part of the synovial jh g a2a:lx1v0 q1s)szyoint envelops the synovial fluid?

  The diagram below represents a sarcomere. Which structures are la9 +nn/ f tejk*nmn1v.nbeled I and II ? kn9nnfnj* n+v.e1 tm/

  The diagram below showsqq.36v bus)uvzd h 7ok3kjr8) a synovial joint.

1.Identify structures labelled I and II.
I :   ;II:  .
2.Describe the role of each of the structures identified in (a).

  Which of these statements are true for )o; ooq3xq4omsynovial joints?
I. The joint capsule produces synovial fluid
II. Synovial joints can move in one direction (plane)
III. Ligaments connect one bone to another

  Which type of ion binds to filamej f; - khc6rakmm,x7z+nts in the sarcomere to initiate the process of mc,hz-k+6 ;mramkx fj7uscle contraction?

  Which feature allows insects, such as crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus),e8o e+cau33fugj7ot m j(e;z: to jump very highe;u3t +3mogcuoez7(jj a fe:8?

  The diagram shows a Zebra (Equus quagga). Which is not a reason for it to m7yg2)w:z :u -pnznmsxove?

  Which of the following brings abou9xo8cq s) l/8hle 53te4y btimt movement of the skeleton?

  The photo shows an Australian she:up 4tn6 1f kr*tlze2zlduck (Tadorna tadornoides).
Which is not a feature that is adapted to aid in locomotion?

The image shows an African daisy (Osteospermum ast6ta -lwwl ( w1,2ftwcanthospermum), a sessile organism and a Humboldt penguin (Spha6 t ltfww(2,t1w -lsweniscus humboldti), a motile organism.


1.State one way that a daisy moves.

2.State two life processes other than movement that the two organisms have in common.

3.Explain three adaptations that the penguin has for efficient movement in water and on land.

4.In order to reproduce, the penguin may have to travel to find a mate.

4.1.Outline one advantage of travelling to find a mate.

4.2.Outline one disadvantage of travelling to find a mate.

5.State two reasons other than reproduction that the penguin may need to travel.

  The diagram below represents two sarc,le -a2yq( pfdomeres. Which structure shortens during mus(-yqe,l pfad2 cle contraction?

  Which animal forelimb is adapted for swicczffun9:+he r 8a p;2:axmt,mming?

  Which of the following statements relates30oe zto: j+xar yyc(- to myofibrils?

1.Outline how antagonistic muscles move joints, giving an example.40 0pseuk3jef29em(yyd: 79 edyhp qn

2.Describe how skeletal muscle fibres are adapted for their function.

  Which statement(s) are true for ATP hydrolysis during m,atucn t:qg1063l6r x7fwdjruscle contraction?
I. ATP is hydrolysed by the sarcoplasmic reticulum
II. ATP hydrolysis causes myosin heads to move into the ready position
III. ATP hydrolysis causes the cross-bridges to break

1.Distinguish between a myofibril, the sarcoplasmi,wib3,zgte v0 c reticulum and the sarcolemma,t0i vb g,z3we.

2.Outline the proteins involved in muscle contraction.

3.Describe the process of muscle contraction.

  Which row shows the correct sequence of events in muscle contractq7 ;y7xond(, fdw 7nogion?

1.Distinguish between a myofibril, the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the sarc g :zdsx1;cv(holemmagd1s (;hzx: vc.

2.Outline the different proteins and their position in the sarcomere when the muscle is relaxed.

3.Describe the process of muscle contraction.