Which part of the synovial joint enve ,*o obgsg5q57+qld qalops the synovial fluid?

  The diagram below represents a sarcomere. Which structures-iinqn.y )b,c are labeled I and II n- i.ni bc,yq)?

  The diagram below shows-92g 0xw9ll8cnmf jr i a synovial joint.

1.Identify structures labelled I and II.
I :   ;II:  .
2.Describe the role of each of the structures identified in (a).

  Which of these statements aren /wp,n(g rre zby*d(ara2e*-m4g v: p true for synovial joints?
I. The joint capsule produces synovial fluid
II. Synovial joints can move in one direction (plane)
III. Ligaments connect one bone to another

  Which type of ion bind 2d6tgsgtmt6 1 gm)b-us to filaments in the sarcomere to initiate the process of muscle cog2 b1mg 6)-dtm tutsg6ntraction?

  Which feature allows insects, such as crickets (Gryllu, y w7;w1xrd. (9ph:cefubovzs bimaculatus), to jump ver xrdw pfv,1u:ec ;zy b(9h7ow.y high?

  The diagram shows a Zebra (Equus quagga). Wh,nq ; nh0geu.gnmd53/eos;b r ich is not a reason for it to move?

  Which of the following brings about movement of the s5zov 41cokm78xd fe(ykeleton?

  The photo shows an Australian shelduck (Tadorna tasv1b;ddv 2( oodornoides).
Which is not a feature that is adapted to aid in locomotion?

The image shows an Afrikf *8ik* tvdg o5lqu5;i w*ch:can daisy (Osteospermum acanthospermum), a sessile organism and a H:l;5ti hf *8vo*5iw*dqu gkckumboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti), a motile organism.


1.State one way that a daisy moves.

2.State two life processes other than movement that the two organisms have in common.

3.Explain three adaptations that the penguin has for efficient movement in water and on land.

4.In order to reproduce, the penguin may have to travel to find a mate.

4.1.Outline one advantage of travelling to find a mate.

4.2.Outline one disadvantage of travelling to find a mate.

5.State two reasons other than reproduction that the penguin may need to travel.

  The diagram below represents two sarcomeres. Whicpq2/f 0xzm5 cxwc0p6c2r ic c+;c1oynh structure shortens during muscle contr2n0 p+5 ;0 yqc/wpmxx2o czr c6ccc1fiaction?

  Which animal forelimb is adapted for swimminhe 7qx89m1t vvz tuw91g?

  Which of the following statements relates to myofibr8c 2s7ud:co u(7jaw i w-yui+rils?

1.Outline how antagonistic muscle6h v 4tu:+xteqs move joints, giving an example.

2.Describe how skeletal muscle fibres are adapted for their function.

  Which statement(s) are true for ATP hydrolysis during muscle-lgsg+ni 6/ s9*x bkdr contraction?
I. ATP is hydrolysed by the sarcoplasmic reticulum
II. ATP hydrolysis causes myosin heads to move into the ready position
III. ATP hydrolysis causes the cross-bridges to break

1.Distinguish between a myofibril, the di2xz*m.vg(k miq79; qkxpa:sarcoplasmic reticulum and the sarcolemma. i7; .*ixdk pq:mgqxmzakv2 (9

2.Outline the proteins involved in muscle contraction.

3.Describe the process of muscle contraction.

  Which row shows the correct sequence of events in muscle contraction l dca1gpr /e.-qk5j9n?

1.Distinguish between a myl sf:o8( oaz p.-zval0ofibril, the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the sarcolemma.zz( lpa 8a 0oov-fsl:.

2.Outline the different proteins and their position in the sarcomere when the muscle is relaxed.

3.Describe the process of muscle contraction.