Which part of the synovial j4cgm*z2g,v /( db h -bbz ga.idlhy/:joint envelops the synovial fluid?

  The diagram below repreydb4a nn06zauk;7a i/myuv-1 sents a sarcomere. Which structures are labeled I and II ?71 60za/;k-anyiyumbv4 ud na

  The diagram below shows a synovia/ ugahzeebtg) p7 jo4o i0o;.)l joint.

1.Identify structures labelled I and II.
I :   ;II:  .
2.Describe the role of each of the structures identified in (a).

  Which of these statements are true for p5(a0:laa bn w *dktq/uml x49synovial joints?
I. The joint capsule produces synovial fluid
II. Synovial joints can move in one direction (plane)
III. Ligaments connect one bone to another

  Which type of ion binds to filaments in the s9ph/dxnu s7:v2 59n sv hhah2warcomere to initiate the process of mhwhd2ha2 v7ns5x: u svp9/9nhuscle contraction?

  Which feature allows insects, such as cr 3.bp)iw ,rqk-: *stzaejn3ri)fu ri/ickets (Gryllus bimaculatus), to jump very higk fups)r3wi z.e:i irrtb3/)a,q n-*jh?

  The diagram shows a Zebra (Equus quagga). Which is not a reason for it to move)wry3 nesbkn2, (yv;q?

  Which of the following brings about movement of ru;ip.k8pe 61w6 ygxd:izh xh(w+ (kn the skeleton?

  The photo shows an Australian shelduck (Tadorna tadornoides).f)hy1v pss1 td3 wbq*gd:g6)8w-hj 9qpmda7c
Which is not a feature that is adapted to aid in locomotion?

The image shows an African 4 vue;5mzq1: 5 noyy a;b)ghacdaisy (Osteospermum acanthospermum), a sessile organi5znuabe)q c4ma5;hy ;:1vyog sm and a Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti), a motile organism.


1.State one way that a daisy moves.

2.State two life processes other than movement that the two organisms have in common.

3.Explain three adaptations that the penguin has for efficient movement in water and on land.

4.In order to reproduce, the penguin may have to travel to find a mate.

4.1.Outline one advantage of travelling to find a mate.

4.2.Outline one disadvantage of travelling to find a mate.

5.State two reasons other than reproduction that the penguin may need to travel.

  The diagram below represents two sarcomeres. Which structure shortens duringcduy (t (y*-n :yew;hj jju2c3 musc(e n*:cuy- yh djuj2;y3(twj cle contraction?

  Which animal forelimb is adapted xhg3i+bd ;h2 rzxgn; 6for swimming?

  Which of the following stat7+vj*p87yqk dzp: gyqements relates to myofibrils?

1.Outline how antagonistic muscles move jointsvd5jcx eqfbk+5ls(*+9 )j*td hn mdj8 , giving an example.

2.Describe how skeletal muscle fibres are adapted for their function.

  Which statement(s) areum ss2 )53wi.phhvm-e,k l,/mend1hu true for ATP hydrolysis during muscle contraction?
I. ATP is hydrolysed by the sarcoplasmic reticulum
II. ATP hydrolysis causes myosin heads to move into the ready position
III. ATP hydrolysis causes the cross-bridges to break

1.Distinguish between a myofibril, the sarcoplasmic reticulum h75axrg/wo -qand the sarcolemma /axwhgo 5rq-7.

2.Outline the proteins involved in muscle contraction.

3.Describe the process of muscle contraction.

  Which row shows the correct sequence of evron y0n6lzlzfm1 .**3) giw meents in muscle contraction?

1.Distinguish between a myofibril, the sarcoplasmiqn0r vv223dtb c reticulum and the sarcolemma. td230nb r 2qvv

2.Outline the different proteins and their position in the sarcomere when the muscle is relaxed.

3.Describe the process of muscle contraction.