Which part of the synovial joint envelops tz f: i/k.;lxkuhe synovial fluid?

  The diagram below represents a sarcomere. Which structures are labeled I) s(u.stxn r38nn auv4 and II ? stunr.u3 4(8n a nsx)v

  The diagram below shows -9 zb f qnyyj;6kc3aj:a synovial joint.

1.Identify structures labelled I and II.
I :   ;II:  .
2.Describe the role of each of the structures identified in (a).

  Which of these statements are true for synovial joints? qpp3cez r ;::cs7uof;
I. The joint capsule produces synovial fluid
II. Synovial joints can move in one direction (plane)
III. Ligaments connect one bone to another

  Which type of ion binds to filaments in the vq 0 gbpz+++hgsarcomere to initiate the process of muscl0v gb+ hqp+z+ge contraction?

  Which feature allows insects:q4om (,-w m rwgbzka.lc n(g3, such as crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus), to jump very hig :oa3zln m -mk ((g.4gwwrb,cqh?

  The diagram shows a Ztgz8gevyk 5;j +6ib0y: 4qcorebra (Equus quagga). Which is not a reason for it to move?

  Which of the following brings about movement of the g5hah * oiy+vx1 .y5rqskeleton?

  The photo shows an Australian shelduck (Tadorna tadornoid.x+bu 7+kh pspes).
Which is not a feature that is adapted to aid in locomotion?

The image shows an African daisy (Osteospermum acanthospermum), a sessilk k23tjs5 a /,mf+ntote organism and a Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus hum ao /f,knmt5k+jt2s3tboldti), a motile organism.


1.State one way that a daisy moves.

2.State two life processes other than movement that the two organisms have in common.

3.Explain three adaptations that the penguin has for efficient movement in water and on land.

4.In order to reproduce, the penguin may have to travel to find a mate.

4.1.Outline one advantage of travelling to find a mate.

4.2.Outline one disadvantage of travelling to find a mate.

5.State two reasons other than reproduction that the penguin may need to travel.

  The diagram below represents two sarcomeres. Which structure shortens m4y.bk7l5)fcvvsa8r6ov h c)rk m.:j during mus s6my8j.f.v b5 mrlrc:)vck)7ahk4vocle contraction?

  Which animal forelimb is ad)fy sawx-(r5;vac s) uapted for swimming?

  Which of the following statements relates t*3rsi* py6h4-a 49xys 3gdgqjw* a tlro myofibrils?

1.Outline how antagonist-qof;::-hm up cvue7j1 i6u klic muscles move joints, giving an example.

2.Describe how skeletal muscle fibres are adapted for their function.

  Which statement(s) are true for ATP hydrojtmn* ()qjvyb ene9)8lysis during muscle contraction?
I. ATP is hydrolysed by the sarcoplasmic reticulum
II. ATP hydrolysis causes myosin heads to move into the ready position
III. ATP hydrolysis causes the cross-bridges to break

1.Distinguish between a myo5uh3ok/7wf.c ns l+ obfibril, the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the sarcolemmaf+usblh o7cw3/ k.5on.

2.Outline the proteins involved in muscle contraction.

3.Describe the process of muscle contraction.

  Which row shows the correct sequence of events in muscle . nabf:jmbb.ls 6)tew3z)5 u6nzp5ta contraction?

1.Distinguish between a myofibril, the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the sarcolnonp+78u4k0 thpqhp( emma. qkuph t+o0(n7 npp84h

2.Outline the different proteins and their position in the sarcomere when the muscle is relaxed.

3.Describe the process of muscle contraction.