Which part of the sy 5/ -nesgjz39ws.rchxlp*w9.f qmibm :vg 7u/novial joint envelops the synovial fluid?

  The diagram below represents a sarcomere. Whichj ox5co;drh,b a ys1+3 structures are labeled I and II yh,1scrdb3 +5xojo; a?

  The diagram below shows a synovial jwtf m*(lc v.1hoint.

1.Identify structures labelled I and II.
I :   ;II:  .
2.Describe the role of each of the structures identified in (a).

  Which of these state7*qb8 oosrz8z ments are true for synovial joints?
I. The joint capsule produces synovial fluid
II. Synovial joints can move in one direction (plane)
III. Ligaments connect one bone to another

  Which type of ion binds to filaments in the sarcomere to initiate the.:klun nw8pca2/yn 8*( jw4voum bu5f process of muscle conn *u junpkw.c: (a8 5lwmb/uyon4f2v8traction?

  Which feature allowsr 8+7fsug 8jzm 52pbrk insects, such as crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus), to jump very hig7b+5 r8gmu8j2s kpfr zh?

  The diagram shows a Zebra (Equus quagga). Which is not a reason for it to moavg 9,kl- pbp,j+zo/wve?

  Which of the following brings agh5y2j;po s(vq5e3 hny i;u :c3xrro9bout movement of the skeleton?

  The photo shows an Australian shelduck (Tadorna tadornoleys4,s gl* (kides).
Which is not a feature that is adapted to aid in locomotion?

The image shows an African daisy (Osteospermum acanthospermum), a sessile or87yjw.ji8h 42k pqny32npkv wganism and a Humboldt penguin (Spheniscusp.wwh48vkiny n8 327 j2jkyp q humboldti), a motile organism.


1.State one way that a daisy moves.

2.State two life processes other than movement that the two organisms have in common.

3.Explain three adaptations that the penguin has for efficient movement in water and on land.

4.In order to reproduce, the penguin may have to travel to find a mate.

4.1.Outline one advantage of travelling to find a mate.

4.2.Outline one disadvantage of travelling to find a mate.

5.State two reasons other than reproduction that the penguin may need to travel.

  The diagram below represenyw0 : /6zi,k(e vwfzafmtr h 3*x;lv3ets two sarcomeres. Which structure shortens during muscle contraf zvwe ;lwei(xv r 3fh3m/,k6t*y:z0 action?

  Which animal forelimb ispmx aga ajv+1a:2)9hy adapted for swimming?

  Which of the following statements relates to hferc2 241a4 te5 gd oyi2h/sd b3bo*omyofibrils?

1.Outline how antagonistic muscles m: 3f nlw2qotp z7stl:xzdl 63l/(7 cphove joints, giving an example.

2.Describe how skeletal muscle fibres are adapted for their function.

  Which statement(s) are .ty mfxmd4 r0 ss*-el6z4o-mk6pim(dtrue for ATP hydrolysis during muscle contraction?
I. ATP is hydrolysed by the sarcoplasmic reticulum
II. ATP hydrolysis causes myosin heads to move into the ready position
III. ATP hydrolysis causes the cross-bridges to break

1.Distinguish between a myofibril, the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the4zo(cq7 z / phtqr:t;osw:vp5 6 l*ime sarcolemma.ls* i(tvzwpeo4 o5;7 qt:hqprz6/:mc

2.Outline the proteins involved in muscle contraction.

3.Describe the process of muscle contraction.

  Which row shows the correct sequence of events in musm0s;x.dy1 scn;gcw6y cle contraction?

1.Distinguish between a myofibril, the sarcoplas oivc1ry60l*+fzkr v0mic reticulum and the sarcolemma.zr rocfyk v6l+1iv00 *

2.Outline the different proteins and their position in the sarcomere when the muscle is relaxed.

3.Describe the process of muscle contraction.