Which part of the synovial joint envelops the synovj 7au+tjazm9 1ial fluid?

  The diagram below represents a sarcomere. Which structures are labeled ;t2q om2wjl+wI and II j 2w2+;otlwmq?

  The diagram below shows a s nfi+ 0qdx4a35l kwl-aynovial joint.

1.Identify structures labelled I and II.
I :   ;II:  .
2.Describe the role of each of the structures identified in (a).

  Which of these statementsgnm*ye6 w1 zw/6p/1tgh rzco0 are true for synovial joints?
I. The joint capsule produces synovial fluid
II. Synovial joints can move in one direction (plane)
III. Ligaments connect one bone to another

  Which type of ion binds to filag3xpdbzbr*j s n-n95/ 80qio sments in the sarcomere to initiate the process of muscle cont*djozr 9q-n 83bg0 i5ssn /xbpraction?

  Which feature allows iss1xs h85-cj dl n,2whnsects, such as crickets (Gryllus bimaculatus), to jump very higsd21w ls8s,c j -hx5nhh?

  The diagram shows a Zebra (Equus q oo6-6rce,rd quagga). Which is not a reason for it to move?

  Which of the following brings about movewg 5flw 7s(7tdment of the skeleton?

  The photo shows an Australian shelduck (Tadorna tadox -kxq2e,xn vma3-e o3rnoides).
Which is not a feature that is adapted to aid in locomotion?

The image shows an African daisy ja) 89ondjd( 3gco2xi(Osteospermum acanthospermum), a sessile organism and a Humboldt penguin ( dcjgo)aox(8 3j29d inSpheniscus humboldti), a motile organism.


1.State one way that a daisy moves.

2.State two life processes other than movement that the two organisms have in common.

3.Explain three adaptations that the penguin has for efficient movement in water and on land.

4.In order to reproduce, the penguin may have to travel to find a mate.

4.1.Outline one advantage of travelling to find a mate.

4.2.Outline one disadvantage of travelling to find a mate.

5.State two reasons other than reproduction that the penguin may need to travel.

  The diagram below represents two sarcomeres. Which structure shortens*8 eqfb(60pkhmd w v (e8(szcz during musclezef bz(hmc0 s8vpke dw86((*q contraction?

  Which animal forelimb is adapted for swi3py)7.( du/hs(vvxeb 0uito imming?

  Which of the following statements rel4m +b.jzk9 ey qp:*twdates to myofibrils?

1.Outline how antagonistic muscles move joints, giving an example. kk-c; ds4y8 rj

2.Describe how skeletal muscle fibres are adapted for their function.

  Which statement(s) are true for ATP hy o3;sk ,5wa7fm3 qihcwdrolysis during muscle contraction?
I. ATP is hydrolysed by the sarcoplasmic reticulum
II. ATP hydrolysis causes myosin heads to move into the ready position
III. ATP hydrolysis causes the cross-bridges to break

1.Distinguish between a myofibril,5+uko;9pj ck/ye myr8 the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the sarcolemma.;jeko c+p5 uyy/mr9k8

2.Outline the proteins involved in muscle contraction.

3.Describe the process of muscle contraction.

  Which row shows the correct sequence oqq mj,nnq/-aqu-h ;+o f events in muscle contraction?

1.Distinguish between a myofibril, the sarcoplasmic reticuq7mao/+ savcwk8 v-uqs i. h82ft0-qjlum and the sarcolemma8-jv2a+ qso 78.hwkif qstaqm0/ uvc -.

2.Outline the different proteins and their position in the sarcomere when the muscle is relaxed.

3.Describe the process of muscle contraction.