The Arctic cod, ringed seal, killer whale, polar bear and oe2filw-g:2 *l gpw0rx9eo6do,qo1l jther organisms live and interact with each other in the cold waters of the Arctic Ocean. Which of the follo92 d2q, oir1g j-gxlp0e*oew 6lw: folwing terms best describes them?

  Which of the following would not be considereznwfhxk gi61jl6va(j2v2o1w gm(/ h efnk;4 2d an abiotic factor?

  What best defines a habihh zdxrjhre8.ec80 (7tat?

  Rain forests are known to have tall trees and a large biomass 0k4q qtrw2rzsy6w l*6with high productivity, despite infertile soils. The growing conditions have been known to nurture the presence of many interdependent organisms. These species also interact with the physical ez qq6y4kwrlr w2t s6*0nvironment they inhabit.

Which of the following is described here?

  What is a common limiting factor for pl 6*-+p4b mzboe chk9xh.wiv5iup 4kl7ant growth in arid (dry) environments?

  Which of the following is not a factoagyl ktee0c* 6zi6u 13r required for coral reef formation?

  Which of the following is the most appropriate to meas9sxe i x(qlz( ck6f5x)ure using a line transect?6x(xl k(5x9 s)efizqc

  During a field day, students were asked to investigate the effect of soil sallc+ bn;+atscy c8i ,/dinity on the distribution of plant species. Students designed an experiment that measured the number of plant species found up the shore at varying distances from the high tide line. Three groups of students investigated three sites on the same shore. The distance fra dst ;i,c8 cycl+nb/+om the high tide line was taken as an indication of the salinity levels. The results are shown in the table.


1.1.Identify the independent variable.

1.2.Outline the steps students could take, and the equipment they could use, to collect their results.

2.1.Suggest a reason for the discrepancy in the number of species sampled in areas 1, 2, and 3.

2.2.Describe a way the students could reduce the impact of discrepancies on their collected data.

3.The different species of plants found in each area were recorded in a table.


Calculate how many times greater the number of plant species found in Area 1 was compared to Area 2;
the number=  
4.Evaluate the students’ investigation into salinity's effect on plant species distribution.

  Which of the following factors create biomeir,0sxxv ) xao0y1tq a(z. gr7s?
I. Annual Precipitation
II. Air Temperature
III. Keystone species

  Which of the following biomes is best characterised by higv)br o1dyz-* if4, yjph temperatures, high rainfall, and*byiyv)d4roj f1p ,z - high humidity?

Marram grass, pictured belor;:ya7 khsoj* w, is a plant species often found growing on sand dunes. 7:ok;jya *hsr

1.1.Distinguish between abiotic and biotic factors.

1.2.Suggest adaptations Marram grass could have in order to grow on sand dunes.

1.3.For a named abiotic variable, outline how the range of tolerance for Marram grass could be measured in its natural habitat.

2.Describe an adaptation that allows a named organism to survive in desert habitats.

The kapok tree, pictured below, is found in the tropical rainforests of Centralrsgqptb8wo+n,;)mw* :t n * kg and South America. It has buttress ro)8 os: k tq;g,+npwmtr*w*bn gots that extend above the soil in order for it to grow tall.


1.1.Outline the climatic conditions which are typical of tropical rainforests.

1.2.For a named organism other than the kapok tree, describe the adaptations it has to live in tropical rainforests.

1.3.Tropical rainforests are an example of a biome. Define the term biome.

2.Explain the need for the kapok tree to grow tall and fast.

1.Define the terms species, population, and community. c feb*gx tgx*4,7m hd9

2.Explain the conditions required for coral reef formation.

3.Using three named organisms, describe the adaptations they have to different environments.