The Arctic cod, ringed seal, kil27 mpq:05pdkgo rhk:jler whale, polar bear and other organisms live and interact with each other in the cold waters of the Arctic Ocean. Which of the following ter5 gkpm o0h7kp qj:d:r2ms best describes them?

  Which of the following would not be considered an abiotic 1bgmfat 8x0u3factor?

  What best defines a habitz,o.0efaclk2779 hc lb7 r dpaat?

  Rain forests are known to have tall trees and a large biomass with d. u23c:eqzlm9qz ovw) )c f60ts1ya ghigh productivity, despite infertile soils. The growing conditions have been known to nurture the presence of manveads6 qlfymo9:u01 zc2)3.qtz)gw c y interdependent organisms. These species also interact with the physical environment they inhabit.

Which of the following is described here?

  What is a common limiting factor for plant growth in :zxari:sq 18p k9b)0v )mizp barid (dry) environments?

  Which of the following is not a factor required for coral reef forml7,( fev3 xm4) 5egkk- hceonjation?

  Which of the following is the most appropriate to mea8o 8z dnq 5xo,wqqnz) pods6-,sure using a line transect? q)d wqzx-6o,5nznsoq p,od88

  During a field day, students were asked to investigate the effect of soil saliniu)2n hve2u q-b / jb/n9shyxq2ty on the distribution of plant species. Students designed an experiment that measured the number of plant species found up the shore at varying distances from the high tide line. Three groups of students investigated three sites on the same shore. The distance from the high tide line was taken as an indication of the salinity levels. The 2/v/q 9neb-hxs b)jn2 2h yquuresults are shown in the table.


1.1.Identify the independent variable.

1.2.Outline the steps students could take, and the equipment they could use, to collect their results.

2.1.Suggest a reason for the discrepancy in the number of species sampled in areas 1, 2, and 3.

2.2.Describe a way the students could reduce the impact of discrepancies on their collected data.

3.The different species of plants found in each area were recorded in a table.


Calculate how many times greater the number of plant species found in Area 1 was compared to Area 2;
the number=  
4.Evaluate the students’ investigation into salinity's effect on plant species distribution.

  Which of the following factors create biomesb(i8ppspzg+0i4i 7aw7dh + oi?
I. Annual Precipitation
II. Air Temperature
III. Keystone species

  Which of the following biomes is best characterised by high temperatures, hi kvl wp86hzcegq7qmm,15b5h;gh raqmv , k5eb6gqlw1ch85 z7;hm pinfall, and high humidity?

Marram grass, pictured below, ixpix9xylvwn r)+ 19v hn/ oq21s a plant species often found growing on sand dunenxlri2qo9x 1pwhvxy)+ 9 1 n/vs.

1.1.Distinguish between abiotic and biotic factors.

1.2.Suggest adaptations Marram grass could have in order to grow on sand dunes.

1.3.For a named abiotic variable, outline how the range of tolerance for Marram grass could be measured in its natural habitat.

2.Describe an adaptation that allows a named organism to survive in desert habitats.

The kapok tree, pictb +ya;stx 1tgr(j39 riured below, is found in the tropical rainforests of Central and South Aarb1griysj93+;t x t (merica. It has buttress roots that extend above the soil in order for it to grow tall.


1.1.Outline the climatic conditions which are typical of tropical rainforests.

1.2.For a named organism other than the kapok tree, describe the adaptations it has to live in tropical rainforests.

1.3.Tropical rainforests are an example of a biome. Define the term biome.

2.Explain the need for the kapok tree to grow tall and fast.

1.Define the terms species, population, and community.v)an3m;sn-f a

2.Explain the conditions required for coral reef formation.

3.Using three named organisms, describe the adaptations they have to different environments.