The Arctic cod, ringed sea q;3.mneky 4ehl, killer whale, polar bear and other organisms live and interact with each other in the cold waters of the Arehme 34;n.qy kctic Ocean. Which of the following terms best describes them?

  Which of the following would not be considered an abiotic odk10 x9eptv. , kkw+l ia0h4ufactor?

  What best defines a habitat )tr. dqdeh 3lod/ qdl6x*p81p?

  Rain forests are known to hahrbw.54tl ;i uve tall trees and a large biomass with high productivity, despite infertile soils. The growing conditions have been known to nurture the presence of many interdependent organisms. These species also intew 5rt ;hbilu.4ract with the physical environment they inhabit.

Which of the following is described here?

  What is a common limiting factor for plant growth in arid (dry) envi na5i c*960giksjs7 /qezfrd ,ronments?

  Which of the following isz 14q watpm)k;,eu6kb not a factor required for coral reef formation?

  Which of the following is t8-a iuz+davr7he most appropriate to measure using a line transect?7a8vdi- + ruaz

  During a field day, students were asked to investigate the exq3lby) b7p )rffect of soil salinity on the distribution of plant species. Students debb)7l pr3yq)xsigned an experiment that measured the number of plant species found up the shore at varying distances from the high tide line. Three groups of students investigated three sites on the same shore. The distance from the high tide line was taken as an indication of the salinity levels. The results are shown in the table.


1.1.Identify the independent variable.

1.2.Outline the steps students could take, and the equipment they could use, to collect their results.

2.1.Suggest a reason for the discrepancy in the number of species sampled in areas 1, 2, and 3.

2.2.Describe a way the students could reduce the impact of discrepancies on their collected data.

3.The different species of plants found in each area were recorded in a table.


Calculate how many times greater the number of plant species found in Area 1 was compared to Area 2;
the number=  
4.Evaluate the students’ investigation into salinity's effect on plant species distribution.

  Which of the following factorso3+v85.g w2wajgx7.+iwf xdn y:yeri create biomes?
I. Annual Precipitation
II. Air Temperature
III. Keystone species

  Which of the following biomes is best characterised by high temperatures, high z0*dv2c)yx bb raz*bdy) cbx02 vinfall, and high humidity?

Marram grass, pictured below, is a plant species 9y 5i rtn2t:nyax- g4ioften found growing on sand dunes.ytatgny4x-r52i in9 :

1.1.Distinguish between abiotic and biotic factors.

1.2.Suggest adaptations Marram grass could have in order to grow on sand dunes.

1.3.For a named abiotic variable, outline how the range of tolerance for Marram grass could be measured in its natural habitat.

2.Describe an adaptation that allows a named organism to survive in desert habitats.

The kapok tree, pictured below, is found in the tropical rainforests of Central r)g- dln6-kbz and South America. It has buttress rootsbd6k )rlg -n-z that extend above the soil in order for it to grow tall.


1.1.Outline the climatic conditions which are typical of tropical rainforests.

1.2.For a named organism other than the kapok tree, describe the adaptations it has to live in tropical rainforests.

1.3.Tropical rainforests are an example of a biome. Define the term biome.

2.Explain the need for the kapok tree to grow tall and fast.

1.Define the terms speciesdr ;ag89(luk qwb+b m/, population, and community.

2.Explain the conditions required for coral reef formation.

3.Using three named organisms, describe the adaptations they have to different environments.